lasif^BasaHfi 


^-"^^ 


northed;  i)"s  i# 


DOTATION 


AND. 


PRONU^tiATlO^ 


EXERCISES. 


% 


NEW  Y6RK; 
A.  S.  BABNES  &  BXTIiE, 


rpnusiiEiig  OF  TUE 
NATIONAI.    SKRIES    OF    STANDARH    Sf  HO^'T- '■•  "iK,-:        ^• 
.')l  Axn  iVS  John  Stkek.', 


■^■•> 


1 


s* 


<  '  //  ■' 


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y 


TEACHER'S  AND  SCHOLAR'S 
HAND-BOOK. 


PKOPER  rOSITION. 


IMPKOPEU   rOSITIOIf. 


PKOPER  POSITION. 


IMPIiOP£K    POSITION, 


EXERCISES 


DICTATION  AND  PRONUNCIATION; 


CONTAININO 

A  LAEQE  NUMBER  OF  THE  MOST  DIFFICaLT  WORDS  IN  THE 

LANGUAGE,  INCLUDING  NEARLY  THREE  HUNDRED 

MILITARY  AND  WAR  TERMS,  TOGETHER  WITH 

A  VARIETY  OF  USEFUL  LESSONS. 


BY  CHARLES  NORTHEND,  A.M., 

ACTUOB  OF  "TEAOHEE  AND  PARENT,"   "  TEACHEE's  ASSISTANT,"  ETO. 


NEW  YORK: 
A.  S.  BARN'ES  &  BURR,  51  JOHJiT-STREET. 

CHICAGO:  GEOKGK  SHERWOOD. 
1805. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  Uie  year  1S6S, 

By  a.  S.  BARNES  &.  BURR, 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  tlie  Unfted  States  for  \i\* 
Southern  District  of  Now  York. 


KKNNIK,  SlIKA  A  I,lNnSAY,  q^q    ^.  WOOn,  Printer. 

r.EKOTVPKKB    «ND    ElBCTBOTY  PKES,  j,^,     g    Dutch-8t.,    N.    Y. 

81,  83  A  85  (!entue-Sibeet, 
NEW  YORK, 


INTKODUCTION. 


In  making  this  volume,  it  lias  not  been  tlie 
aim  of  the  author  to  furnish  a  substitute  for  the 
Bpelling-book,  but  rather  to  j^repare  an  accom- 
paniment to  it,  for  the  use  of  the  higher  classes 
in  our  schools.  In  itself,  the  exercise  of  spelling 
is  not  a  very  attractive  one,  and  conducted  as  it 
too  often  is,  it  becomes  very  dull  and  monoto- 
nous. It  is  confidently  believed  that  the  ar- 
rangement of  this  book,  and  a  due  observance 
of  the  "  Hints  on  Spelling,"  will  do  much  to 
give  the  subject  practical  importance,  and  at 
the  same  time  invest  it  with  interest. 

In  the  several  collections,  or  groupings  of 
words,  the  author  has  endeavored  to  bring  to- 
gether the  most  prominent  words  in  each  de- 
partment, and,  by  a  few  suggestive  questions, 
to  give  a  practical  bearing  to  the  subjects,  and 
make  them  the  media  of  much  useful  informa- 
tion. 

For  most  of  the  reading  and  spelling  exer- 
cises in  the  middle  of  the  book,  under  the  head 


INTRODL'CTIOX. 


of  "  Miscellaneous  AVords,"  the  author  Avould 
acknowledge  his  indebtedness  to  a  work*  for- 
merly published  by  A.  S.  Barnes  &  Co.,  and 
which  he  has  been  allowed  to  use  freely. 

The  work  is  commended  to  teachers  and  com- 
mittees, with  the  firm  belief  that  its  careful  use 
will  do  much  to  secure  i3roliciency  in  the  branch 
under  consideration,  and  at  the  same  time  at- 
tach to  it  an  interest  and  importance  not  here- 
tofore felt. 

The  various  miscellaneous  exercises  in  the 
book  will,  it  is  believed,  readily  conmiend  them- 
selves to  teachers,  and  open  a  wide  field  for 
much  general  instruction  in  every-day  matters, 
and  thus  make  the  W'Ork  a  desirable  one  as  a 
basis  of  many  useful  Object  Lessons.  The  skill- 
ful teacher  will  readily  extend  and  expand  the 
various  subjects  presented. 

New  Britain,  Ct.,  Jan.  1,  18G2. 

*  "The  Orthoepist,"  by  J.  11.  Martiu. 


CONTENTS. 


PAOI 

Hints  on  Spelling y 

Kules  for  tlie  use  of  Capitals 17 

Kules  for  Spelling 18 

Words  similar  in  Pronunciation,  but  dissimilar  in  Spelling 

and  Cleaning 22 

"Words  pronounced  nearly  alike,  but  difiering  in  Spelling  and 

Meaning 84 

Words  of  Two  Pronunciations 41 

Synonyms 42 

Words  of  Special  Eesemblance 52 

Words  varying  in  use 53 

Words  liable  to  be  misspelled _. . .  55 

Christian  Names  of  Males 56 

Christian  Names  of  Females 57 

Occupations,  Professions,  &c 58 

Animals 59 

Birds 60 

Fishes,  Bivalves,  and  Keptilcs 61 

Trees 61 

Flowers,  Koots,  and  Shrubs 62 

Productions  of  the  Farm  and  Garden 63 

Agricultural  Implements,  &c 63 

Furniture  and  Articles  of  Household  use 64 

Arithmetic 65 

Grammar 65 

Geography 66 

Philosophy 66 

Botany 67 

Physiology 68 

Forms  or  Shapes 63 

Books,  &c 69 

Wearing  Apparel 69 

Miscellaneous  Articles  of  a  Variety  Store 70 

Architecture 70 


6  CONTENTS. 

PAea 
Military  Terms 72 

Terms  relating  to  Goveiniuent,  &c 74 

Origin  of  Words '. 75 

Articles  of  Hardware 70 

Plurals  of  Nouns 80 

Boats,  and  parts  of  a  Ship 83 

A.  The  Excursion 92 

B.  Tlie  Banquet  Hall 09 

C.  An  Overland  Journey  to  California 107 

D.  The  Daguerrian  Gallery 115 

E.  The  French  President 120 

F.  The  Fete  Champetre  in  Paris 123 

G.  The  Man  in  the  Eailroad  Car 127 

H.     Thelnvslid 130 

I.     Kailroad  to  the  Pacific 134 

J.  &  K.    The  Artist 138 

It,     Congress 142 

M.     The  British  Museum 150 

IV.-    The  Naive  Young  Man 156 

O.     Greenwood  Cemetery 160 

P.     The  Menagerie 173 

Q.     The  Emigrant 180 

R.     The  Pvostaurant 1S6 

S.     Books 200 

T.     The  Lunatic  Asylum 210 

U.     The  Louvre  in  I'aris 215 

V.     The  Louvre,  continued 221 


Y.  Z.  i 


achting 225 


Marine  Journal 227 

Keview  of  the  Market 233 

Monetary  Aliairs 236 

Exports 238 

Productions  of  the  Earth 240 

Prefixes 242 

AflBxes  or  Terminations 245 

The  State  Mottoes 248 

Abbreviations 249 

Proof  Marka 253 


HINTS  TO  TEACHERS, 


In  teaching  -Spelling,  the  instructor  should  aim 
to  give  interest  to  the  exercise  by  frequently  va- 
rying the  mode  of  conducting  the  same.  But 
whatever  course  is  pursued,  the  two  following  di- 
rections should  be  strictly  adhered  to : — 

1.  Pronounce  the  word  distinctly;  just  as  it 
would  be  pronounced  by  a  good  reader  or  speaker, 
with  no  undue  emphasis  upon  any  letter  or  syl- 
lable. 

2.  Allow  the  pupil  to  try  once,  only,  on  a  word ; 
as  all  beyond  will  be  merely  guessing. 

In  order  to  secure  the  pei'fect  attention  of  a 
class,  and  at  the  same  time  awaken  an  interest  in 
the  exercise,  the  following  hints,  which  were  first 
given  by  the  author  of  this,  in  another  work,"'* 
may  be  found  useful : — 

1.  Bead  a  short  sentence  distinctly,  and  re- 
quire every  word  to  be  spelt  by  the  class, — the 
first  scholar  pronouncing  and  spelling  the  first 
word,  the  next  scholar  the  second,  and  so  on,  un- 
til all  the  words  in  the  sentence  have  been  spelt, 
After  a  little  practice  in  this  method,  scholars 
will  be  able  to  go  through  with  quite  long  sen- 

»  "  The  Teacher  and  Parent." 


10  MINTS    TO    TEACHERB. 

tenceS)  with  a  good  degree  of  accuracy  and  pi'ompt- 
ness.  Many  valuable  truths  and  proverbs  may  in 
this  way  be  impressed  upon  the  mind,  while  atten- 
tion is  more  directl}"  given  to  orthography.  The 
following  may  be  samples : — 

A  good  scholar  v/ill  be  industrious  and  obe- 
dient. 

If  sinners  entice  thee,  consent  thou  not. 

Take  care  of  the  minutes,  and  the  hours  will 
take  care  of  themselves. 

A  soft  answer  turneth  away  wrath. 

2.  It  will  be  well,  often,  to  make  all  the  mem- 
bers of  a  class  feel  responsible  for  the  accurate 
spelling  of  each  and  every  word  If  the  first 
member  of  a  class  misspells  the  word  given  to 
him,  let  the  teacher  proceed  and  give  out  the  next 
W^ord,  without  intimating  whether  the  first  was 
correctly  or  incorrectly  spelt.  If  the  second 
scholar  thinks  the  first  word  was  not  correctly 
spelt,  he  will  spell  it  instead  of  the  one  given 
to  him ;  and  so  on,  through  the  class,  each 
being  expected  to  correct  any  error  that  may 
have  been  committed.  If  the  first  spells  a  word 
wrong,  and  no  one  corrects  it,  let  all  be  charged 
with  a  failure.  This  method  will  amj)ly  compen- 
sate for  its  frequent  adoption. 

We  will  now  proceed  to  speak  of  some  points 
in  relation  to  the  mode  of  conducting  an  exer- 
cise with  the  slate.  Most  experienced  teachers 
have,  latterly,  often  adopted  the  plan  of  writing 
words ;  but,  lor  the  benefit  of  others,  we  will  specify 
one  or  two  modes. 

Let  the  teacher  select  words  from  some 
studied  exercise,  either  in  the  reading-book  or 
Bpelling-book,  'pronounce  them  distinctly,  allow- 


HINTS   TO    TEACHERS.  i\ 


ing  time,  after  eacli  Word,  for  all  to  -write  it  legihly, 
After  all  the  words  have  been  given  out,  each  slate 
may  be  examined  separately  and  all  errors  noted ; 
or,  the  members  of  a  class  may  exchange  slates, 
and  each  examine  his  companion's  slate,-— while 
the  teacher  spells  the  words  correctly,— and  mark 
the  number  wrong  upon  each  slate.  Or,  instead 
of  either  of  these,  the  instructor  may  call  upon 
some  one  to  spell  a  word  as  he  has  written  it,  and 
then  request  those  who  have  written  differently 
to  signify  it  by  raising  the  hand.  Keither  of 
these  methods  will  consume  much  time,  and  either 
of  them  will  be  preferable  to  the  oral  method. 

It  wall  sometimes  be  the  case,  that  scholars 
■will  prove  themselves  quite  expert  in  spelling 
long  or  difficult  v/ords,  and  yet  make  sad  mis- 
takes in  spelling  those  that  are  shorter,  and 
apparently  much  easier.  To  remedy  this,  it  will 
be  well,  occasionally,  to  read  slowly  an  entire 
stanza  or  paragraph,  and  require  the  members 
of  a  class  to  write  the  same  upon  their  slates. 
This  course  has  its  advantages. 

Again,  it  is  frequently  the  case  that  scholars 
are  exceedingly  deficient  in  ability  to  spell  the 
names  of  countries,  states,  counties,  towns,  moun- 
tains, rivers,  individuals,  etc.  Any  teacher,  who 
has  not  exercised  his  pupils  on  such  words,  will 
be  astonished  at  the  number  and  nature  of  the 
errors  that  will  be  committed  by  a  class  on  the 
first  trial.  Let  teachers  who  have  overlooked 
words  of  this  description,  in  conducting  the  spell- 
ing exercise,  commence  by  requesting  their  pu- 
pils to  write  all  the  Christian  names  of  their 
schoolmates,  the  names  of  the  counties  in  their 
native  State,  tov/ns  in  the  county,  and  States  in 


12  HINTS  TO   TfiACflERS. 

the  Union.  Though  the  result,  at  first,  niay  be 
neither  very  Satisftxctorj  nor  gratifying,  the  plan, 
if  frequently  adopted,  will  cause  much  improve* 
ment. 

It  may  be  profitable,  som.etimes,  to  request 
the  members  of  a  class  to  select,  from  a  certain 
number  of  pages  in  a  book,  some  ten  or  twelve 
words,  which  may  geem  to  them  of  most  diffi* 
cult  orthographical  construction,  which  shall, 
subsequently,  be  given  to  the  class  as  a  spelling 
exercise.  The  prominent  advantage  in  this  plan 
results  from  the  fact  that  each  scholar  will,  in 
searching  for  a  few  words,  notice  the  orthography 
of  a  much  larger  number, — -selecting  such  only 
as  appear  to  him  peculiarly  difficult.  In  this  way 
pupils  will,  unconsciously  as  it  Were,  study  with 
mterest  a  lesson  in  itself  unattractive  to  them. 
Favorable  results  will  attend  such  a  course. 

If  a  schoohroom  is  well  furnished  with  black* 
boards,  the  words  or  sentences  for  the  spelling 
exercises  may  be  written  on  them.  In  this  case, 
it  may  be  well  to  have  the  exercise  occur  dur* 
ing  the  last  half*hour  of  the  day.  Let  the 
scholars  be  required  to  write  the  words,  legibly, 
as  soon  as  pronounced  by  the  teacher.  After 
all  have  Vv^ritten,  let  the  teacher  examine  the 
Work,  and  draw  a  line  over  such  words  as  are 
incorrectly  written,  and  request  that  all  errors 
be  corrected  immediately  afler  school  is  dismissed. 
It  is  very  important  that  pupils  should  be  re* 
quired  to  write  all  such  exercises  in  a  neat  and 
distinct  manner. 

At  times  it  may  be  well  to  require  scholars 
to  divide  the  words  into  their  appropriate  sylla- 
bles   and  to  designate  the  accented   syllable  of 


HINTS   TO   TEACHERS.  13 

each  word ;  as,  an-ni-ver^-sa-rj,  me-men'-to,  la'- 
bor,  la-bo'-ri'ous.  Occasionally  this  may  be  ex- 
tended by  requiring  a  complete  analysis  of  the 
whole  word,  including,  beside  the  above,  the  names 
and  sounds  of  the  several  letters,  the  vowels,  con- 
sonants, labials,  dentals,  etc. 

Another  method  of  conducting  the  exercise  of 
spelling  is  the  following, — and  we  may  add,  that, 
for  more  advanced  schools,  it  possesses  some  ad- 
vantages over  either  of  the  others  named.  Let 
the  teacher  write,  legibly  upon  the  blackboard, 
some  twenty  or  more  difficult  words,  and  allow 
them  to  remain  long  enough  to  be  carefully 
studied  by  the  school.  A  few  minutes  before 
the  close  of  the  school,  let  all  the  words  be  re- 
moved from  the  board.  Now  let  each  scholar 
put  aside  his  books,  and  provide  himself  with  a 
narrow  slip  of  paper.  At  the  top  of  this,  or  upon 
one  ^de,  let  him  write  his  name,  and  then  the 
words,  as  dictated  by  the  instructor.  After  all 
have  written  the  list  of  words  that  had  previ- 
ously been  placed  upon  the  blackboard,  let  the 
slips  be  collected,  and  taken  by  the  teacher,  who 
may  himself,  aided  perhaps  by  some  of  his  best 
spellers,  examine  the  slips,  and  mark  those  wrong 
upon  each.  At  some  hour  of  the  next  day,  let 
the  teacher  read  the  result  to  the  whole  school, 
stating  the  number  of  errors  committed  by  the 
several  pupils ;  after  which,  the  papers  may  be 
returned  for  correction.  We  will  suppose,  for 
illustration,  that,  on  some  day,  the  teacher  gives 
out  the  names  of  the  months,  days  of  the  week, 
and  seasons  of  the  year ;  and  that  the  following  is 
a  sample  of  one  of  the  papers,  as  returned  by  the 
teacher,  with  errors  mai-ked : 


14  UIXTS    TO    TKAClIEKf5. 


AMOS  MASON. 

Eleven  Errors. 

January. 
Febenvary.* 

March. 

Septerabur.* 

Octobur.* 

Novembur.* 

Thnrsdaj. 

Friday. 

Sateriay.* 

Api'il. 

May. 

June. 

July. 
August. 

Decembur.* 

Sundy.* 

Monddy.* 

Tuesday. 

"Wensday.* 

Spring. 
Suiner.'* 
Autum.* 
Winter. 

In  conducting  tliis  exercise,  let  the  teacher 
insist  npon  perfect  distinctness  in  the  writing  of 
the  words,  and  let  it  be  understood  that  every 
letter  not  perfectly  plain  will  be  considered  as 
w^rong,  and  marked  accordingly.  It  will  bo 
readily  seen  that  a  little  skill,  on  the  part  of 
the  teacher,  in  the  selection  of  words,  will  make 
this  a  highly  useful  and  interesting  exercise ;  and 
the  time  for  the  announcement  of  the  nu^mber 
of  errors  will  be  looked  for  with  interest. 

An  attractive  method,  which  may  answer 
for  oral  or  written  spelling,  is  the  following. 
The  instructor  pronounces  a  word,  which  is  to 
be  spelt  by  the  first  in  the  class,  who  will  im- 
mediately name  another,  commencing  with  the 
final  letter  of  the  first  word,  which  is  to  be  spelt 
by  the  next  scholar ;  and  he,  in  turn,  wiU  name 
another  word,  and  so  on,  through  the  class. 
If  the  words  are  to  be  written  upon  the  slate, 
the  same  course  may  be  taken,  as  to  naming  of 
words.  Let  us  take,  for  illustration,  tbc  follow- 
ing words : — 

Commotion.  Language.  CircLinstuncca. 

Nourishment.  Endeavor.  Svn»['alh7. 

Theoretical.  Khetoric.  VcUo-.v. 

Lttbiul.  Calorio.  Wiiarkri:,g. 


HIXTS    TO    TEACUERE.  15 


All  exercise  of  this  kind  will  have  its  peculiar 
advantages,  the  more  prominent  of  which  will 
be,  the  awakening  of  thought  and  interest. 
After  a  little  practice,  the  members  of  a  class  will 
be  able  to  name  words  with  a  great  degree  of 
promptness ;  and  an  exercise  of  this  kind  will  be 
made  highly  interesting  and  profitable. 

In  giving  out  long  words  it  may  be  well,  at 
times,  to  let  the  pupils  spell  by  each  giving  a 
letter  in  its  order,  or  pronouncing  a  sjdlable  when 
finished  For  example,  let  us  take  the  word  or- 
t/io'jraphy.  You  pronounce  the  word  and  the 
whole  class  repeats  it.  In  rapid  succession  the 
pupils  spell  thus,  the  figure  indicating  the  num- 
ber of  pupil: 

12  3  4    6    6    7  8  9  10  11  IJ  13 

0-r — or — t-h-o-g — thog — orthog' — r-a — ra — or- 

14   15    16  17 

thogi'a-p-h-j' — phy — orthography  (by  whole  class.) 
Another  method  which  has  its  advantages  is 
the  following.  Let  the  teacher  dictate  some 
thirty  or  forty  words  to  a  class,  requiring  the 
members  to  write  them  upon  their  slates.  These 
words  are  to  be  carefully  examined  and  studied 
by  the  pupils,  who  are  also  to  be  required  to 
incorporate  each  word  into  a  sentence,  which  shall 
illustrato^  its  meaning  and  show  that  it  is  under- 
stood bpthem.  After  these  sentences  have* been 
read,  and  erased  irom  the  slates,  let  the  words 
be  again  dictated,  to  be  written  and  examined 
with  special  reference  to, the  orthograph}-.  An 
exercise  of  this  kind  will  answer  Yery  well  to  fill 
up  time  that  would  otherwise  be  unimproved. 
The  words  may  be  given  on  one  afternoon,  and 
the  written  exercises  and  the  spelling  receive 
attention  on  the  next  afternoon. 


16  IIIXTS    TO    TKACHEUS. 

It  will  be  well  if  the  teacher  will  have  a  small 
blank-book  in  which  to  write  such  words  as  are 
frequently  misspelt,  or  such  as  are  not  of  very 
common  occurrence,  and  make  use  of  these 
words  for  the  method  above  mamed. 

Another  method,  and  the  last  we  shall  name,  is 
the  following,  which  may  prove  very  useful  in  the 
higher  classes  of  most  schools.  Let  the  teacher 
pronounce  to  a  class  several  words  of  difficult  or- 
thography, or  short  sentences  containing  such 
words,  the  pupils  writing  the  same  upon  their 
slates  as  fast  as  dictated.  After  the  desired  num- 
ber of  words  and  sentences  has  been  written, 
the  instructor  may  address  his  class  as  follows : 
'  Scholars,  the  words  and  sentences  which  I  have 
just  pronounced  may  require  from  you  some 
study.  Examine  them  carefully,  ascertain  the 
correct  spelling  and  meaning  of  each ;  and  when 
you  have  studied  them  sufficiently,  erase  them 
from  your  slates.  To-morrow  I  shall  give  you 
the  same  exercise,  and  shall  then  expect  you  to 
write  them  accurately.' 

Let  us  suppose  that  the  following  words 
and  sentences  should  be  given  for  an  exercise 
of  this  kind : 


Aeronaut. 

Acoustics. 

Hem<fl-rhage. 

Armistice. 

Bronchitis. 

Beau  ideal. 

Ancliovy. 

Colporteur. 

Guillotnie. 

Automaton. 

Conchology. 

Hemistich. 

Thomas  has  an  excellent  daguerreotype  like- 
ness of  his  mother. 

The  dahlia  is  a  beautiful  flower. 

He  was  a  successful  merchant  and  a  skillful 
financier. 


RULES    FOR    CAPITALS.  l7 

The  glaciers  of  Switzerland. 

There  is  a  beautiful  jet  cfeau  on  the  common. 

There  was  a  large  giraffe  in  the  menagerie. 

His  loss  caused  great  poignancy  of  grief. 

It  was  a  successful  ruse  de  rjuerre. 

The  police  exercised  strict  surveillance. 

This  mode  is  w'ell  adapted  for  presenting 
words  and  phrases  whose  orthography  is  pecul- 
iarly difficult,  and  which  occur  less  frequently 
than  most  w^ords. 


RULES   FOR   THE    USE   OF   CAPITALS. 

EuLE  I.  The  titles  of  book-s,  and  the  heads  of 
their  parts,  chapters,  sections,  and  divisions,  are 
usually  printed  in  capitals.  When  the  titles  of 
books  are  quoted,  only  their  principal  words 
should  begin  with  capitals;  as,  "Watts  on  the 
Mind."  Inscriptions  on  signs  and  monuments  are 
subject  to  the  same  rule. 

KuLE  II.  The  first  word  of  every  entire  sen- 
tence, and  of  every  independent  expression,  or 
phrase,  should  begin  with  a  capital;  as,"£vil 
communications  corrupt  good  manners." 

HuLE  III.  Proper  names,  and  adjectives  de- 
rived from  proper  names,  should  begin  with  a 
capital ;  as,  America ;  American ;  Boston  ;  Bosto- 
nian. 

KuLE  ly.  Titles  of  honor,  office,  respect,  and 
distinction,  usually  begin  with  a  capital;  as.  Chief 
Justice  Marshall ;  His  Majesty;  General  Washing- 
ton. 

KuLE  V.  All  appellations  of  the  Deity  should 
begin  with  a  capital ;  as,  God;  Jehovah;  The  Eter- 
nal ;  The  Almighty. 


nVLV.a    FOU    SPELLING. 


EULE  Yl,  The  first  word  of  every  line  in  poetry 
should  begin  with  a  capital. 

Rule  VIL  The  words  /  and  0  should  be  capi- 
tals. 

Rule  VIII.  Any  common  noun  used  to  denote 
an  object  personified,  or  an  object  to  be  made 
specially  emphatic,  should  begin  with  a  capital; 
as,  "Cheered  with  the  grateful  swell,  old  Ocean 
smiles." — Milton.  "In  the  Creed  the  same  distinc- 
tion is  properly  observed." — Harrison. 

Rule  IX.  The  first  word  of  a  direct  quotation, 
so  introduced  as  to  form  a  sentence  of  itself, 
should  begin  with  a  capita!;  as,  "lie  saith  unto 
him,  Feed  my  sheqp." 


RULES  FOR  SPELLUrO. 

Rule  I.     Final  f,  1,  or  s. 

Monosyllables  ending  in  /  ?,  or  5,  preceded  by  a 
single  vowel,  double  the  final  consonant;  as,  staffs 
mill,  j^^ss,  muff]  knell,  gloss,  off,  hiss,  puss. 

Exceptions. — The  words  clef,  if,  and  of  are  writ- 
ten with  a  single  /;  and  gas,  as,  has,  ivas,  yes,  his, 
is,  this,  us,  2^us,  and  thus,  with  single  s. 

Rule  II.     Other  Finals. 

Words  ending  in  any  other  consonant  than  /  I, 
or  .s,  do  not  double  the  final  letter ;  as,  moh,  nod, 
dog,  sum,  sun,  cup,  cur,  cut,  fix,  whiz. 

Exceptions; — We  double  the  consonant  in  abh, 
add,  odd,  egg,  jagg,  ragg,  inn,  purr,  err,  burr,  butt, 
buzz,  yarr,  and  some  proper  names.  But  we  have 
also  ab,  (from,)  and  ad,  (to,)  for  prefixes:  and  Jag, 
rag,  in,  bur,  'and  but,  are  other  words  that  conform 
to  the  rule. 


RULE9   FOR   SPELLING.  19 

Rule  III.     Doubling. 

Monosyllables,  and  Words  accented  on  the  last 
syllable,  when  they  end  with  a  single  consonant 
preceded  by  a  single  vowel,  or  by  a  vowel  after 
qu^  double  their  final  consonant  before  an  addi- 
tional syllable  that  begins  with  a  vowel;  as,  roh^ 
robbed ;  fop ^  fop2:)ish,  foppery ;  squat^  squatter^  squdt' 
ting ;  thin,  tliinner^  tldnnesl;  swim,  s'wimmer,  swim- 
ming /  commit,  commitlethj  comviitting,  committed, 
committer^  committee;  acquit,  acquittal,  acquittance, 
acquitted,  acquitting,  acquitteth. 

Exceptions. — 1.  x  final,  being  equivalent  to  Ics, 
is  never  doubled.  2.  When  the  derivative  retains 
not  the  accent  of  the  root,  the  final  consonant  is 
not  always  doubled ;  as,  prefer',  preference,  prefer' 
able;  refer',  reference,  referaUeovrefer'rible.  o.  Let- 
ters doubled  in  Latin  are  usually  doubled  in  Eng- 
lish, without  regard  to  accent,  or  to  any  other  prin- 
ciple; as,  Britain,  Britan'nic,  Britan'nia. 

EuLE  IV.     No  doubling. 

A  final  consonant,  when  it  is  not  preceded  by  a 
single  vowel,  or  when  the  accent  is  not  on  the  last 
S3dlable,  should  remain  single  before  an  additional 
syllable;  as,  toil,  toiling;  oil,  oily;  visit,  visited; 
differ,  differing. 

Exceptions. — A  few  words  derived  from  other 
languages  double  the  I  ',  as,  tranquil,  tranquil- 
lity;  excel,  excellence',  cancel,  ca.ncellate,  can- 
cellation; crystal,  crystalline,  crystallize  i  metal, 
metalline^  metallurgy,  etc. 

EULE  y.     Final  c,  k. 

Monosyllables  and  English  verbs  end  not  with  c, 
but  takeVj  for  double  c;  as,  raclc,  lOreck,  rock,  at- 
tack;  but  in  general,  words  deiived  from  the 
learned  languages  need  not  the  k,  and  connnon  nsa 
discards  it;  as,  Italic,  maniac,  musio,  public. 


20  RULES   PCR   SPELUNO. 

Exceptions. — The  words  arc,  part  of  a  circle; 
ore,  the  name  of  a  fish;  lac,  a  gum  or  resin;  and 
sac,  or  soc,  a  privilege,  in  old  English  law,  are 
ended  with  c  only. 

EuLE  VI.     Ketaining. 

Words  ending  with  any  double  letter,  preserve 
it  double  before  any  additional  termination,  not 
beginning  wnth  the  same  letter,  as  in  the  follow- 
ing derivatives;  wooer,  seeing,  blissful,  adding, 
gruffly,  wilUng,  shelly,  hilly,  stiffness,  illness,  stillness, 
fhriUness. 

Exceptions.— Certain  irregular  derivatives  in 
d  or  t,  from  words  ending  in  double  ee,  II,  or  ss, 
(as  fed  h'omfee,  sold  from  sell,  blest  from  bless,)  are 
exceptions  to  the  foregoing  rule. 

Rule  VII.     Retaining. 

Words  ending  with  any  double  letter,  preserve 
it  double  in  all  derivatives  formed  from  them  by 
means  of  prefixes;  as,  see,  foresee ^  pass,  repass , 
miss,  amiss. 

Rule  VIII.     Final  11. 

Final  double  I  is  peculiar  to  monosyllables  and 
their  compounds,  with  the  few  derivatives  formed 
from  such  roots  by  prefixes;  consequently,  all  other 
words  that  end  in  /,  must  be  terminated  with  a 
single  1 1  as  cabal,  logical,  excel,  rebel,  dispel. 

Rule  IX.     Final  e. 

The  final  e  of  a  primitive  word,  when  this  let- 
ter  is  mute  or  obscure,  is  generally  omitted  before 
an  additional  termination  beginning  with  a  vowel; 
as,  remove,  removal;  rate,  ratable;  force,  forcibh; 
true,  truism  ;  rave,  raving ;  idle,  idling. 

Exceptions. — 1.  Words  ending  in  ce  or  ge,  re- 
tain the  e  before  able  or  ous,  to  preserve  the  soft 
sounds   of  c  and   g;   as,   trace,  traceable;  change^ 


nULES   FOR   SPELLING.  21 

m"'"<' "  — ■■ — ' ' ■ — ,.  .^.T,      , 

cJiangeable.     2.  So,  from  sho^-^  we  write  shoeing^  to 
preserve  the  sound  of  the  root. 

KULE  X.     Final  e. 

The  final  e  of  a  primitive  word  is  general!}'  re* 
tained  before  an  additional  termination  beginning 
with  a  consonant;  as,  pale,  palensss ;  edge^  edgekss ; 
ju dge,  judges h  ip . 

Exceptions. — 1.  When  the  c  is  preceded  by  a 
Vowel,  it  is  sometimes  omitted;  as  in  duly,  tndy ; 
but  much  more  frequently  retained;  as  in  dueness^ 
truencss^  hluehj,  eyeless.  2.  The  word  wholly  is  also 
an  exception  to  the  rule. 

Rule  XL     Final  y. 

The  final  y  of  a  primitive  word,  when  preceded 
by  a  convsonant)  is  generally  changed  into  t  before 
an  additional  termination;  as,  merry^  merrier^  mer* 
riest,  merrily,  merriment 

Exceptions.— 1.  This.rule  applies  to  derivatives, 
but  not  to  compounds;  thus  we  write  merciful,  and 
fnercy-seat     2.  Befoi'e  tng,  or  ish,  the  y  is  retained 
to  prevent  the  doubling  of  i;  as,  pity^  pitying; 
baby,  babyislu 

Rule' XII.     Final  y. 

The  final  y,  of  a  primitive  word,  when  preceded 
by  a  vowel,  should  not  be  changed  into  i  before 
any  additional  termination;  as,  day,  days;  key^ 
keys;   'boy,  boyish,  boyhood;  joy,  joyless,  joyful 

Rule  XIII.     he  and  ise. 

Words  ending  in  ize  or  ise  sounded  alike,  as  in 
wise  and  size,  generally  take  tlie  s  in  all  such  as 
are  essentially  formed  by  means  of  the  termina- 
tion; and  the  5  in  monosyllables,  and  all  such  as 
are  essentially  formed  by  means  of  prefixes;  as, 
gorraandize,  apologize,  brutalize,  canonize  with  s, ;  rise, 
ar-ise^  disguise,  supervise,  surmise,  surprise,  with  s. 


22  SIMILAR   WORDS. 

Rule  XIY.     Compounds. 

CoinpouiKls  generall}^  retain  the  orthography  of 
the  simple  words  which  compose  them ;  as,  wli.ercin^ 
liorsercian,  uphill^  innkeeper^  sky-light^  jjlmn-iree. 

KULE    XV. 

Nouns  ending  in  o,  preceded  by  another  vowel, 
form  their  plural  by  the  addition  of  s ;  as,  cameo^ 
cameus  :  folio,  fvlios  ;  but  if  the  final  o  is  preceded 
by  a  consonant,  the  plural  is  comnjonly  formed 
by  adding  e.s ;  as  cargo^  cargoes. 

Rule  XYI. 

Verbs  ending  in  y  preceded  b_y  anothei"  vowel, 
on  adding  ing,  ed,  or  s,  do  not  change  y  into  ^/ 
as,  delay ^  dday'mg,  delayed^  delay?!. 

Exceptions. — Juay^  laid,  jpay^paid^  say,  said  I 
stay,  staid  or  stayed. 

Rule  XVII. 

The  plural  of  words  ending  in  y,  preceded  by 
a  consonant,  is  formed  by  changing  y  into  ies  ;  as, 
sky,  skie^  /  fiy,  flies,  &c.  If  a  Vowel  precedes  the 
y,  the  plural  is  formed  by  adding  s  ;  as,  da.y,  days; 
money,  moneiis;  &c. 

Rule  XVIII.     Usage. 

Any  word  for  the  spelling  of  which  we  have 
no  rule  but  nsage,  is  witten  wrong  if  not  spelled 
according  to  the  usage  which  is  most  common 
anion":  the  learned. 


WORDS  SLMILAI?,  IN  PrONUNCIATIOK,  BUf  DISSIMILAR  IH  S'PIlLLlNa 
AND   MEANING. 

The  cooper  adds  an  adze  to  his  stock  of  tools. 
I  know  not  what  can  ail  Thomas,  unless  he  has 
drunk  too  much  ale. 


SIMILAR    WORDS.  23 

Th'<*  young  heir  has  already  assumed  a  haughty 
air  ar>'i  mien.  All  day  long  the  cobbler  plies  his 
aivl. 

It  will  not  do  to  alter  the  jDOsition  of  the  altar  in 
the  church. 

The  red  a7it  is  very  troublesome  to  my  aunt 

The  augur  could  not  tell  the  carpenter  who  had 
stolen  his  auger. 

If  augkt  can  be  done  to  relieve  the  sufferer,  it 
ought  to  be  done  immediately. 

/Y/  point  out  to  you  the  stranger  from  the  Me 
of  Wight,  as  he  walks  up  the  aisle  of  the  church. 

As  the  ark  floated  along,  it  described  an  arc  of 
a  large  circle. 

William  would  not  assent  to  the  proposition  to 
make  the  ascent  of  the  mountain  on  foot. 

James  ate  eight  apples  which  caused  his  sickness. 

Tlie  master  hade  the  had  boy  remain  after 
school. 

The  thief  who  stole  a  hale  of  goods,  being  unable 
to  procure  hail^  was  sent  to  jail. 

The  Turkish  Bey  stood  upon  the  shore  as  we 
embarked  upon  the  bright  waters  of  the  hay. 

I  heard  the  boy  hawl,  "Look  out,  the  hall  will 
hit  you." 

I  could  not  hear  to  see  the  hear  seize  him  by 

the  hare  arm. 

Though  not  a  hase  man,  he  was  a  good   hass 

singer. 

A  row  oiheech  trees  ran  parallel  to  the  heacli. 

As  he  was  gathering  a  flower,  he  chanced  to 
he  stung  by  a  hee. 

The  farmer  heats  the  boy  because  he  refuses  to 
weed  the  heets. 

The  girls  were  pla}nug  at  battledoor,  while  the 


24  SIMILAR    WORDS. 


heaux  were  amusing  themselves  with  their  hows 
and  arrows. 

I  have  been  down  cellar  to  see  the  new  coal  lin. 

The  wind  Mew  away  the  boy's  blue  cap. 

The  body  of  the  ieer-maker  was  borne  upon  a 
hier  to  the  cemetery. 

The  hell  is  ringins;  the  marriao;e  chimes  of  the 
village  helle. 

If  you  bury  this  herry  in  the  ground  it  will  grow. 

Being  weary,  I  retired  to  my  berth  in  the  vessel 
which  was  bearing  me  to  the  land  of  my  birth. 

After  making  a  bight  in  a  rope,  the  sailor  took  a 
bite  of  bread. 

With  a  polite  boiu,  the  boy  gave  his  teacher  a 
hough  of  apple  blossoms. 

He  was  borne  to  that  country  from  whose  bourn 
no  traveler  returns. 

We  found  it  difficult  to  break  a  path  through 
the  tangled  brake. 

They  were  bred  to  household  duties,  and  knew 
how  to  make  bread. 

While  the  man  hreivs  ale,  the  boys  bruise  the 
apples. 

The  rabbits'  burrow  is  near  the  center  of  the 
horough. 

All  the  goods  were  saved  but  a  butt  of  wine 
which  stood  in  the  cellar. 

Did  you  buy  anything  of  the  pedlar  who  stands 
hy  the  gate? 

The  bowls  were  filled  with  the  bolls  of  the 
plants. 

The  soldier  observing  the  danger  thrust  the 
breech  of  his  gun  through  the  breach  in  the  levee. 

The  fisherman  paid  so  much  for  his  bait^  that 
he  could  not  afford  to  bate  the  price  of  his  fish. 


SIMILAR    WORDS.  25 


Canon  an  ordiuance  of  the  church,  should  be 
distinguished  from  cannon,  a  piece  of  ordnance. 

They  would  not  casi  aside  the  strong  feelings  of 
caste. 

With  his  casque  upon  his  head,  he  stood  upon 
an  empty  cask. 

As  he  was  sealing  his  letter,  the  ceiling  of  the 
ro<>m  fell. 

At  the  session  of  the  Legislature,  the  proper  ces' 
sion  of  the  territory  will  be  made. 

They  choose  not  to  admit  him  to  the  school  be- 
cause he  chews  tobacco. 

I  was  speaking  of  a  cord  of  wood,  and  not  of  a 
musical  chord. 

In  the  last  clause  of  the  paragraph,you  will  find 
a  description  of  the  eagle's  claws. 

Though  I  threatened  to  cite  him  before  a  magis- 
trate, he  fixed  upon  a  site,  and  began  to  build  even 
in  my  sight. 

After  the  close  of  school,  the  children  played 
until  they  had  soiled  their  cbthes. 

The  corse  was  borne  in  a  coarse  coffin  along  its 
winding  course  to  its  burial. 

The  apples  were  not  sound  at  the  core. 

He  commanded  a  fine  coj-jys  of  soldiers. 

You  should  not  attempt  to  cozen  your  cousin. 

In  sailing  up  the  creek,  the  vessel  struck  a  rock 
with  such  force  as  to  make  the  timbers  creak. 

The  old  gentleman  with  a  (jueue  will  give  you  a 
cue  to  the  matter. 

I  visited  the  capitol  at  the  national  ca^/taZ  during 
the  session  of  Congress, 

■J'he  iarmer  would  not  cede  a  rod  of  land  on 
which  the  seed  might  be  sown, 

^\iQ  seller  of  the  goods  kept  them  in  a  damp  cellar 
3 


20  SIMILAR    WORDS. 


Mary  was  sent  to  give  a  cent  to  the  organ- 
grinder,  and  she  said  the  scent  of  tobacco,  as  slie 
approached  the  man,  was  very  strong. 

The  two  deer  which  he  bou2;ht  and  sent  to  me 
were  considered  too  dear. 

The  Dane  would  not  deign  to  fight  the  coward. 

The  plants  were  moistened  by  the  deio. 

The  mechanic  should  receive  all  that  is  due 
him. 

I  have  done  what  I  could  to  match  the  dun  col- 
ored ribbon. 

The  man  promised  to  dye  the  cloth  within  a 
week,  if  his  foreman  did  not  die  of  the  fever. 

The  dyer  gave  an  account  of  a  dire  accident  in 
his  shop. 

The  dough  was  ready  for  the  oven,  when  the 
sportsmen  brought  in  a  fine  doe. 

Dost  thou  know  that  the  atmosphere  is  full  of 
dust  ? 

He  paid  a  draclvm  for  his  morning  dram. 

After  taking  a  draught  of  water,  he  took  the 
draft  to  the  bank. 

He  would  fain  drive  them  from  the  fane,  in 
which  they  feign  to  worship  God. 

She  made  a  feint  of  feeling  faint. 

As  the  weather  vfnsfair^  we  paid  our  fare  and 
started  on  our  journey. 

It  was  not  my  fate  to  be  present  at  the  fete. 

It  is  no  easy  feat  to  jump  ten  feet. 

The  felloe*  of  the  wheel  was  broken  by  a 
drunken  fclloiv. 

1  told  my  father  that  I  could  not  walk  any 
farther. 


'Felly,  is  now  more  common. 


SIMILAR    WORDS.  27 


The  wicked  jlee  when  no  man  pursueth 

The  fiea  is  a  troublesome  insect. 

The  bird  fiew  up  the  Jlae  of  the  chimney. 

The  two  yore  feet  of  that  horse,  and,  indeed,  the 
■whole  four^  are  badly  formed. 

During  the  foul  weather  they  shot  many  water 
fowl 

On  the  fourth  day  they  went  forth  to  meet  him. 

It  was  not  his  forte  to  take  charge  of  a  fort. 

He  used  a  very  singular  phrase  in  speaking  of 
the  angry  frays  he  witnessed. 

I  thought  he  would  freeze  while  working  upon 
the  frieze  of  the  building. 

We  found  'the  furs  of  the  rabbit  among  the 
thick  furze. 

William  walked  through  the  gate  at  a  very  rapid 
gait. 

The  gilt  frame  found  in  his  possession  was  suffi- 
cient evidence  of  his  guilt. 

It  was  a  great  satisfaction  to  get  near  the  grate^ 
•which  was  filled  with  burning  coal. 

You  can  do  it  with  greater  ease  by  using  a  grater. 

The  groan  I  heard  has  grown  more  distinct. 

The  grocer  sells  coffee,  sugar,  and  other  grosser 
axticles. 

He  guessed  that  his  guest  would  remain  another 
day. 

Though  a  hale  man,  the  jDelting  storm  of  hail 
obliged  him  to  seek  shelter. 

The  frightened  hare  concealed  himself  in  a  pile 
of  liair. 

The  officer  attempted  to  haul  the  quarrelsome 
person  from  the  liall. 

The  huntsman  killed  the  hart  by  shooting  him 
through  the  heart. 


28  SIMILAR    WORDS. 


The  salve  will  heal  your  sore  heel. 

If  you  sit  here,  you  will  be  able  to  hear  the 
lecturer. 

I  heard  that  a  large  herd  of  cattle  had  just  passed. 

Hew  down  those  trees  whose  leaves  have  a 
trown  hue. 

Hie  to  the  top  of  the  high  mountain. 

I  heard  Jiim  sing  a  mournful  hymn. 

The  treasure,  which  he  had  taken  such  pains  to 
amass  and  hoard  up,  was  carried  oft'  by  a  Jiorde  of 
robbers. 

/  have  injured  my  eye. 

You  will  find  a  w^arm  supper  in  the  inn. 

Walking  on  the  quay  to-day  I  lost  the  key  of 
my  watch. 

Lo  I  those  loiv  bushes  are  covered  with  blossoms. 

The  boat  passed  through  the  lock  of  the  canal 
into  the  waters  of  the  great  loch. 

Though  his  principles  are  lax,  he  lacks  not  for 
friends. 

They  laid  the  books  upon  the  table,  while  they 
went  to  lade  the  wagon  with  apples. 

They  concealed  themselves  on  the  lee  side  of  the 
lea. 

They  intended  to  send  the  leeks  in  my  fj-iend's 
vessel,  but  it  lealcs  too  badly. 

It  is  difficult  to  limn  correctly  the  topmost  limh 
of  the  tree. 

It  is  not  always  easy  for  a  lone  person  to  obtain 
a  loan  of  money. 

The  beggar  has  lain  down  in  the  dusty  lane. 

I  would  as  lief.^  adorn  my  hair  with  a  rose  and  a 
green  leaf  as  with  ribbons. 

When  you  have  led  the  pony  to  the  farrier's, 
you  may  buy  me  some  lead. 


SIMILAR    WORDS.  29 


I  lieard  at  the  levee^  last  evening,  that  a  new  levy 
of  troops  is  to  be  made. 

With  these  links  of  chain  you  can  fasten  the 
lynx  securely. 

Has  the  laaid  at  the  laundry  7nade  up  the  clothes  ? 

I  sent  the  coat  of  mail  by  one  of  the  male  pas- 
sengers in  the  mail  coach. 

He  seized  the  pony  by  the  mane  and  held  with 
all  his  might  and  main. 

Your  mantle  is  in  the  closet  by  the  mantel. 

I  was  in  a  maze  as  to  how  1  should  cross  the 
great  field  of  maize. 

The  field  marshal  has  a  very  martial  appear- 
ance. 

I  can  not  inuse  on  the  past  while  that  cat  meivs 
so  piteously. 

it  is  mean  for  3'ou  to  ridicule  his  awkward  mien. 

The  flowery  mead  sends  forth  its  meed  of  praise. 

Mete  out  the  piece  of  nueat  for  the  poor  man  be- 
fore we  meet  again. 

You  migJd  have  given  your  mite. 

I  heard  a  piteous  moan  as  I  was  sitting  on  the 
new  moivn  hay. 

In  jumping  across  the  moat  a  mote  of  dust  got  in 
my  eye. 

Just  as  I  was  saying  7ia^,the  horse  began  to 
neigh  under  the  window. 

The  knave  jumped  upon  the  nave  of  the  wheel. 

You  need  not  knead  that  dough  any  more. 

I  knew  you  had  lost  3'our  new  book. 

The  brave  knight  was  wounded  by  an  enemy 
last  night. 

I  am  not  able  to  untie  this  knot. 

She  would  listen  to  7io7ie  except  a  kind  nun  who 
visited  her. 
3* 


30  SIMILAR    WORDS. 


I  do  not  hioio  whether  she  said  yes  or  no. 

I  wonder  if  he  knows  that  the  spectacles  are  on 
his  nose. 

I  will  give  you  some  of  this  silver  oj-e,  if  you 
will  take  your  oar  and  row  me  o^er  the  fer^-y. 

He  called  at  our  house  an  hour  ago. 

Do  you  see  that  pale  faced  girl  climbing  over 
the  pale  with  a  pail  in  her  hand  ? 

The  wound  which  I  received  from  the  window 
pane  causes  me  severe  pain. 

It  is  not  well  to  pare  a  pear  with  a  ^jaiV  of 
scissors. 

The  painter,  with  pallet  in  hand,  was  basdy  oc- 
cupied in  painting  a  picture  for  the  boy  who  had 
a  defect  in  his  palate. 

Do  you  mean  j^oinnel  a  part  of  a  saddle,  or  pianel 
a  part  of  a  door  ? 

The  paws  of  the  beast  caused  the  man  to  pause. 

For  the  sake  of  peace  I  will  give  you  the  p/iece 
of  hind. 

I  jJi'g'Me  myself  on  having  seen  the  peak  of  Ten- 
eriife. 

While  taking  the  ^^eeZ  from  the  orange  I  listened 
to  the  peal  of  the  bell. 

That  gentleman  standing  on  the  p)ier  is  a  peer 
of  the  realm. 

It  is  an  excellent  place  for  catching  plaice. 

While  Mary  ^j/ai'is  the  cloth  you  may  put  the 
plates  upon  the  table. 

The  pileas  of  the  lawyer  did  not  please  the 
judge. 

The  mason  suspended  el  plumb  line  from  a  limb 
of  the  pZf<??i  tree. 

The  carpenter  wdth  his  plane  will  soon  make 
the  board  smooth  and  vlain. 


SIM1L,VII    WOKDS.  31 


The  man  closely  prj'es  into  the  ^9;72e  he  ha3 
taken. 

The  officer  in  charge  of  the  ^jo/^s  had  two  long 
poles  in  his  hand. 

I  pray  you  destroy  those  animals  that  prey  upoj] 
flocks. 

After  the  minister  prays^  songs  of  pi-aise  will 
arise  from  the  choir. 

The  geologist  had  several  quarts  of  the  clearest 
quarlz. 

The  choir  used  a  quire  of  paper  in  copying  their 
music. 

During  the  severest  of  the  rain  the  7-ein  broke 
and  the  horse  became  unmanageable. 

The  event  occurred  during  the  reiyn  of  Queen 
Elizabeth. 

The  building,  which  you  now  raise  to  protect 
you  from  the  sun's  rays,  1  shall  raze  to  the  ground. 

I  can  not  rest  until  you  wrest  that  stick  from  him. 

While  I  ring  the  bell,  you  may  wring  the  clothes. 

While  I  perform  a  religious  7'iie,  you  may 
teach  the  wheel- luinght  to  vjriie  his  letters  right. 

While  Thomas  rowed  the  boat,  George  rode  rap- 
idly down  the  road. 

He  vjrote  the  lesson  which  he  intended  to  learn 
by  rote. 

l''hough  the  weather  was  stormy  and  roughs  the 
lady  wore  a  richly  wrought  ruff. 

The  man  walking  through  the  rye  had  a  very 
wry  flice. 

AV^hen  I  rap  on  the  table,  you  must  all  u  rap 
your  books  in  the  green  baize  cloth. 

Head  me  that  poem, while  I  make  a  whistle  of 
this  reed. 

I  have  not  read  those  books  with  red  covers. 


32  SIMILAR    WORDS. 


I  was  momentarily  expecting  the  vessel  would 
become  a  tvreck,hut  the  sailors  did  not  appear  to 
reck  their  dangerous  position. 

Roiu  softly,  so  as  not  to  startle  the  roe. 

There  were  long  roivs  of  rose  bushes  in  the  front 
yard. 

Soon  after  the  sale  of  the  cargo,  the  ship  will  sail 
for  Europe. 

No  sa7ie  man  would  drown  himself  in  the  Seine. 

You  seem  to  be  a  long  time  in  sewing  that 
sea7n. 

While  sailing  on  the  seas  he  sees  a  shark  seize  a 
large  fish. 

While  you  have  been  drawing  the  seine,  we 
have  seen  a  truly  beautiful  scene. 

I  will  gather  some  of  the  sere  leaves,  while  you 
cere  that  with  wax. 

It  is  sheer  nonsense  for  you  to  shear  that  cloth 
BO  closely. 

I  lost  the  sigiiet  in  the  water  while  looking  at 
the  cygnet. 

He  hit  his  skull  with  the  oar,  while  attempting 
to  scull  the  boat. 

By  a  slight  effort  I  was  able  to  detect  the  sleight 
of  hand  performance. 

A  boy  can  not  sew  that  long  seam  so  well  as  he 
can  sow  the  beet  seed. 

The  bird's  sore  wing  will  not  allow  it  to  soar 
very  high. 

Sole  partner  of  my  soul. 

I  will  slake  a  sixpence  that  he  can  not  eat  that 
steak. 

Did  you  see  that  boy  stare  at  the  lady  on  the 
stair  ? 

Why  did  the  boy  steal  those  steel  pens  ? 


SIMILAR   WORDS.  33 


"We  were  obliged  to  step  rapidly  while  crossing 
the  extensive  steppe, 

» They  were  sitting  on  the  stile  discussing  the  style 
of  the  book  they  had  been  reading. 

Some  person  has  lost  a  sum.  of  money. 

My  little  son  ascended  the  hill  at  an  early  hour 
to  see  the  sun  rise. 

When  we  reached  the  strait  of  Gibraltar  the 
captain  sent  a  boat  straight  ashore  for  some  water. 

The  governor  and  his  state  were  delighted  with 
the  sweet  flowers  adorning  their  rooms. 

A  tax  is  not  levied  upon  tacks. 

Have  you  read  the  iah  of  the  fox  who  lost  hi? 
tail  m  the  trap  ? 

In  pulling  a  tare  from  among  the  wheat,  I  haj 
23ened  to  tear  my  sleeve. 

I  saw  many  a  tear  shed  by  the  children  on  the 
lower  tier  of  seats. 

It  is  quite  time  that  the  thyme  should  be  trans- 
planted. 

Their  books  are  there  upon  the  table. 

The  boy  threiv  a  stone  through  the  window. 

A  missile  was  thrown  at  the  king  upon  his 
throne. 

It  will  not  be  necessary  to  tIi7-oio  another  har- 
poon, for  the  whale  is  in  his  last  tliroe. 

Two  dollars  is  not  too  much  to  give  to  the 
cause. 

The  air  teems  with  insects,  so  that  the  teams  are 
very  much  annoyed. 

The  book  I  gave  thee  was  a  valuable  one. 

The  toe  of  the  shoe  was  stuffed  with  toiv. 

A  vane  is  not  more  changeable  than  that  vain 
young  man  ;  there  is,  however,  a  vein  of  good  hu- 
mor in  him. 


34  SIMILAR    WORDS. 


The  moon  wanes,  and  the  loaded  wains  return. 

Lift  your  veil,  and  see  througli  what  a  lovely 
rale  we  are  passing.  , 

Don't  ivaste  your  money  in  buying  fancy  zcai.si' 
coats. 

Wait  a  moment,  until  I  can  ascertain  the  weight 
of  the  article. 

Unless  you  weigh  it  immediately,  I  must  pro- 
ceed on  my  luay. 

The  peddler  ivears  a  drab  coat  and  carries  his 
tuares  in  a  wagon. 

He  was  very  weak  a  loeek  ago  yesterday 

The  man  has  ivon  one  dollar. 

They  would  buy  the  ivood  at  any  price. 

You  were  last  seen  near  the  yeio  tree. 

Is  that  your  ewer  by  the  well  ? 

See  that  yolk  of  an  egg  on  the  O's.-yoke. 


"WORDS    PRONOUNCED    ITEARLY  ALIKE   BUT    DIFFERING   IN   SPELL- 
ING AND    SIGNinCATION. 

The  following  sentences  contain  words  which 
are  frequently  confounded  or  indistinctly  pro- 
nounced by  speakers.  They  will  serve  as  good 
exercises  in  enunciation  as  well  as  for  spelling. 

Abel  was  not  able  to  do  the  work. 

He  alloived  the  prisoners  to  read  aloud. 

As  the  soldiers  passed  with  arms  in  military 
order,  a  beggar  asked  alms. 

The  baron  fled  to  a  barren  country. 

While  she  brewed  the  beer,  I  fed  the  brood  of 
chickens. 


■WORDS    PRONOUNCED    NEARLY    ALIKE.  85 

The  horse  broke  the  bridle  and  ran  away  with 
the  bridal  party. 

The  hoy  steered  his  boat  safely  past  the  huoy. 

Cork  is  not  suitable  to  calk  the  vessel's  seams. 

The  merchant  was  candid  enough  to  say  that 
the  raisins  were  considerably  candied. 

They  forjnally  take  possession  of  the  island /or- 
merly  owned  by  Spain. 

The  idle  men  are  guilty  of  idol  worship. 

The  frequent  use  of  linimerits  affected  the  liiiea- 
ments  of  his  face. 

The  plaintiff  spoke  in  a  very  plaintive  tone. 

The  j^resident  had  no  precedent  for  his  course. 

The  pri?ici2xd  of  the  institution  was  entirely 
destitute  of  principle. 

I  pitied  the  man  who  was  so  badly  p)iiied  by  the 
small-pox. 

The  7-ower  of  the  boat  heard  the  lion's  roar. 

The  sailor  said  the  ship  was  an  excellent  sailer. 

The  man  who  sold  stcdionery  had  no  stationary 
place. 

The  different  sects  were  composed  of  persona 
of  each  sex. 

The  rare  talents  of  the  youth  could  not  shield 
him  from  the  talons  of  the  fierce  bird. 

I  know  not  where  they  bought  the  earthen  ware. 

They  do  not  usually  weigh  the  whey. 

Their  future  weal  does  not  depend  upon  the 
turning  of  a  wlieel. 

The  mowers  often  whet  their  scythes  as  they  out 
the  wet  grass. 

The  wicked,  man  just  passed  through  the  wicket. 

Though  he  was  a  staunch  whig,]iG  did  not  wear 
a  wig. 

He  was  a  cunning  tvight,  and  as  white  as  sixow» 


36  WORDS    PRONOUNCED    NEARLY    ALIKB 

You  can  wile  away  an  hour,  while  I  go  to  the 
office. 

While  drinking  the  wine,  they  heard  the  dogs 
whine. 

I  wist  not  that  you  were  playing  whist jYfhQn  I 
entered. 

Which  of  the  two  is  considered  a  witch  ? 

In  the  bright  world  whither  you  go, the  flowers 
do  not  loither. 

I  luot  not  lohat  you  mean. 

The  abolition  of  the  custom  was  the  result  of  a 
sudden  ehullition  of  feeling. 

I  can  not  accept  your  proposition  except  as  a 
temporary  arrangement. 

Having  access  to  the  cupboard  he  eat  to  excess. 

If  I   should  accede  to   the   terms   proposed,  I 
should  exceed  the  instructions  given  me. 

Horace  acts  as  though  he  were  not  accustomed 
to  use  an  ax. 

His   adherents  acknowledge  their  adherence  to 
some  singular  notions. 

They  are  not  sufficiently  supplied  with  pure 
air. 

Quite  an  addition  was  made  to  the  last  edition 
of  the  book. 

I  will  not  affect  that  I  can  effect  the  object  with- 
out aid. 

The  criminal's  ally  was  recognized  in  the  nai- 
TOW  alley. 

The  man  made  no  allusion  to  the  singular  illu- 
sion practiced. 

It  was  very  apposite  that  they  should  be  placed 
on  opposite  sides  of  the  table. 

The  teacher   said  that  his  assistants  rendered 
him  groat  assistance  in  the  school. 


•WORDS    PRONOUNCED    NEARLY    ALIKE.  3? 

I  now  appj'ise  you  that  I  shall  appraise  the 
property  on  Wednesday. 

Several  of  his  usual  attendants  are  not  in  attend- 
ance on  this  occasion. 

He  is  too  arrant  a  knave  to  be  intrusted  with 
such  an  errand. 

The  man  at  the  hallot-hox  sung  a  sweet  ballad. 

The  burning  brand  was  covered  with  bran. 

They  burst  open  the  door  and  broke  a  valu- 
able bust. 

Where  did  you  capture  the  captor  of  the  vessel  ? 

If  the  boy  does  not  cea.se  his  bawling,  I  shall 
seize  him  by  the  arm.  * 

It  was  unfair  to  censure  the  censor  for  express- 
ing his  opinion. 

Judicious  counsel  was  given  by  members  of  the 
council. 

Did  you  chance  to  hear  the  chants  of  the  choir 
as  you  passed  the  church  ? 

The  man  with  the  old  coat  could  readily  and 
accurately  quote  passages  of  Scriptui-e. 

As  he  stood  near  the  cojjin  he  had  a  violent  fit 
of  couijJung. 

He  was  confident  of  the  fidelity  of  his  confidant. 

The  foreign  correspondents  have  been  very  free 
in  their  correspondence. 

A  courier  was  sent  with  a  special  message  to 
the  currier. 

The  cJioral  anthem  was  heard  near  the  coral  reef. 

His  decease  was  the  result  of  a  painful  and  pro- 
tracted disease. 

A  decree  was  issued  that  no  higher  degree  should 
be  conferred. 

Travelers  in  a  desert  should  not  expect  a  rich 
dessert  to  follow  their  dinner. 


38  WORDS   PRONOUNCED   NEARLY   ALIKE. 

As  we  dissent  from  their  viev,^s,  we  will  make 
the  descent  alone. 

With  due  deference  to  your  judgment,  I  must 
insist  there  is  a  difference. 

There  were  divers  of  them,  and  they  went  diverse 
ways. 

The  board  found  in  the  dense  forest  was  cov- 
ered with  de7its  from  a  hammer. 

He  was  surrounded  by  many  c?epenc?fmte,  whose 
sole  dependence  was  on  his  generosity  and  kindness. 

The  prisoners  illude  the  officers  and  elude  their 
grasp. 

They  emerge  from  the  woods  and  immerge  them- 
selves in  the  water. 

Though  an  eminent  navigator,  he  confessed  that 
the  peril  was  imminent, 

No  work  now  extant  embraces  such  an  extent 
of  time. 

The  man  was  either  intoxicated  or  under  the 
influence  of  ether. 

The  fisJier  boy  fell  into  the  fissure  of  the  rock. 

The  lambs  sportively  gambol  upon  the  lawn 
while  the  men  wickedly  gamble  in  the  house. 

Though  a  man  of  genius^  he  could  not  tell  the 
genus  of  the  plant. 

The  farmer  was  in  quite  a  hiiff.^  because  the 
smith  injured  the  hoof  of  his  horse. 

No  previous  impostor  was  ever  guilty  of  so  base 
an  imposture. 

To  be  ingenuous fl  must  admit  that  he  is  a  very 
ingenious  man. 

We  could  give  no  insight  into  the  means  used 
to  incite  the  people. 

In  one  irisiance  several  instants  elapsed  betweeii 
the  songs. 


WOROS   PnOSOUJfCED    VEAUtr   ALIKE.  39 

I  had  an  intense  deaire  to  learn  the  intents  of  the 
stranger. 

The  speaker  was  a  noted  jester;  and  he  nmde  a 
comical  gesture  as  he  commenced. 

The  real  jest  waa  made  just  before  you  came. 

The  gist  of  the  matter  was,,  that  he  regarded  as 
earnest  what  was  said  in  jest. 

William  was  in  Irowhle^lest  his  efforts  should  be 
regarded  as  hast  satisfactory. 

The  application  of  the  liniments  disfigured  the 
tineameyits  of  his  ftxce. 

As  we  w*ere  lightening  our  load, the  vivid  flashes 
of  lightning  and  loud  peals  of  thunder  were 
terrific. 

You  will  lose  the  boat,  if  you  loose   the  rope. 

I  lie  upon  the  ground,  in  order  that  I  may  lay 
the  walk  smoothly. 

The  loin  of  veal  was  secured  by  a  line  and  low- 
ered into  the  well. 

He  was  an  active  legislator  at  the  last  session 
of  the  legislature. 

The  existing  difficulties  in  the  country  arc 
monitory  of  trouble  in  monetary  matters. 

They  went  upon  the  marsh  to  mash  the  berries, 

As  the  weather  is  very  mild,  it  v/ill  do  us  good 
to  walk  a  mile. 

They  reside  so  far  off^  that  we  know  but  little 
of  them. 

As  a  patron  of  benevolent  objects,  he  may  be 
regarded  as  a  worthy  pattern. 

The  poplar  is  \qb'a  p)opular  as  an  ornamental  tree 
than  it  was  many  years  ago. 

For  so  populous  a  city  the  ^:>opz^^ace  were  very 
orderly. 

1  prefer  io  prober  you  the  job. 


40  WORDS    PRONOUNCED    NEARLY    ALIKE. 

They  proscribe  the  physician, because  he  chanced 
to  prescribe  the  wrong  medicine. 

The  pasture,  was  the  proj^erty  of  the  village 
pastor. 

The  point  of  the  difficulty  is^  that  he  drank  a 
pint  of  wine. 

1  prophesy  that  j our  prophecy  will  j^rove  false. 

The  radish  was  of  a  reddish  color, 

John  rues  the  day  on  which  he  attempted  such 
a  rtrse. 

The  members  of  the  regiment  were  kept  on  a 
rigid  regimeti. 

The  clergyman's  relict  seemed  like  the  I'elic  of 
a  former  generation. 

The  moon  shone  very  brightly,  while  the  man. 
was  shown  the  way  through  the  woods. 

Though  the  pastor  has  a  costly  surplice^hQ  has 
no  surplus  of  worldly  riches. 

Please  to  sit  while  I  set  things  in  order. 

The  statute  made  no  provision  for  the  removal 
of  the  statue. 

The  sense  of  the  paragraph  appears  very  clear, 
since  he  explained  it. 

The  wick  now  in  the  lamp  will  answer  for  a 
week  or  longer. 

The  minister's  moderate  salary  would  not  allow 
him  to  expend  much  for  celery. 

The  sculptor  said  he  could  not  scidpture  a  good 
image  from  so  rude  a  block. 

The  man  to  whom  I  gave  the  tract  was  walking 
on  the  track  of  the  railroad. 

The  ropes  of  the  tents  were  very  tense. 

He  was  the  author  of  a  treatise  on  treaties. 


WORDS    OF    TWO    PRONUNCIATIONS. 


41 


WORDS    OP    TWO    PRONUNCIATIONS. 

The  pronunciation  of  eacli  of  tlie  following 
•words  is  determined  by  its  signification.  It  will 
be  a  useful  exercise  to  require  pupils  to  give  their 
understanding  of  the  emphasis  and  meaning  by 
incorporating  them  into  sentences,  as  illustrated 
below.* 


Absent. 

Ab.striict. 

Abase. 

Accent. 

Affix. 

Attribute. 

Augment. 

August. 

Bow. 

Cement. 

Close. 

Compact. 

Collect. 

Comment. 

Commerce. 

Commune. 

Compound. 

Concert. 

Concrete, 

Concord. 

Conduct. 

Confine. 

Conflict. 

Conjure. 

Consort. 

Contest. 


Contract. 

Contrast. 

Converse. 

Convert. 

Convict. 

Convoy. 

Countermand. 

Courtesy. 

Descant. 

Desert. 

Diffuse. 

Digest. 

Discount. 

Entrance./ 

Escort. 

Essay. 

Excuse. 

Exile. 

Export. 

Extract. 

Gallant. 

Gill. 

Ferment. 

Form. 

Frequent. 

House. 


Import. 

Incense 

Increase. 

Inlay. 

Insult. 

InterclLingo. 

Interdict. 

Intimate. 

Invalid. 

Lead. 

Live 

Lovs'cr. 

Mall, 

Minute. 

Misconduct. 

Mouse. 

Mow. 

Object. 

Overcharge. 

Overthrow. 

Permit. 

Polish. 

Precedent. 

Prefix. 

Prelude. 

Presage. 


Present. 

Produce. 

Progress, 

Project. 

Protest. 

Provoet. 

Road. 

liebel. 

Eceollect. 

Record. 

Refuse. 

Reprimand. 

Row. 

Sewer. 

Slougli, 

Sow. 

Subject. 

Survey. 

Tarry. 

Tear. 

Torment. 

Transfer. 

Transport. 

Undress. 

Use. 

Wind. 


*  John  was  ab'sent  from  the  recitation. 

He  ought  not  to  absent'  himself  so  often 

Mary  gave  an  ab'stract  of  the  story. 

It  was  wrong  for  Thomas  to  abstract'  the  money  as  he  did. 

The  man  said  he  would  not  abuse  {aluze)  the  horse. 

Such  abuse  {abuce)  was  wrong. 


4» 


42  SYNONYMS. 


SYNONYMS. 


"  In  all  languages,  particularly  in  those  that 
are  of  a  mixed  origin,  there  are  numerous  groups 
of  words  which  have  the  same  general  meaning. 
Such  words  are  called  Synonyms  or  S3aiony- 
mous  Terms.  In  the  English  language,  for  ex- 
ample, which  derives  so  large  a  portion  of  its 
vocabulary  from  Latin,  Greek,  French,  and  other 
sources,  the  number  of  Synonvms  is  unusually 
great ;  and  to  this  circumstance  one  of  its  prin- 
cipal difiiculties  may  be  attributed.  For,  in  order 
to  have  a  correct  and  critical  knowledge  of  the 
language,  we  must  know  not  only  all  the  words 
which  are  synonymous,  but  also  all  the  peculiar- 
ities by  which  they  are  distinguished  from  each 
other.  For  it  is  only  in  the  expression  of  one 
general  idea  that  synonymous  words  agree,  and 
to  this  extent  only  they  should  be  considered  as 
equivalent  in  meaning.  But  it  will  be  found, 
also,  that  they  have,  in  addition  to  the  idea  which 
is  common  to  them  all,  peculiar  significations  or  ap- 
propriate applications  of  their  own  ;  and  in  these 
respects  they  should  be  considered  as  quite  dif- 
ferent M^ords.  In  employing  synonymous  words, 
therefore,  great  care  should  be  taken  to  distin- 
guish between  their  general  meanings  and  particu- 
lar or  peculiar  applications.  If  two  or  more  of 
them  be  employed  to  express  one  and  the  same 
idea,  the  most  objectionable  kind  of  tautology  will 
be  produced,  namely,  the  unnecessary  repetition  of 
the  same  idea.  And  on  the  other  hand,  if  their 
peculiar  significations  and  appropriate  applica- 
tions be  confounded,  ambiaruitv  and  error  will  be 
the  result.     In  a  work  of' this  kind  it  would  be 


SYNONYMS.  48 


useless  to  attempt  even  to  enter  upon  a  subject  so 
extensive  and  so  important.  All  that  can  be 
done  here  is,  to  give  a  list  of  the  principal  syno 
nyms  of  the  language ;  and  as  the  subject  is  of 
importance,  some  examples  will  be  given  of  the 
dilt'erence  in  meaning  among  words  reputed 
synonymous.  They  will  show  the  necessity  of 
attendmg  with  care  and  strictness,  to  the  exact 
import  of  words,  if  ever  we  would  write  with 
propriety  and  precision."*  The  following  will 
furnish  good  spelling  exercises,  at  the  same  time 
that  they  serve  a  good  purpose  in  teaching  pre- 
cision in  regard  to  the  meaning  of  words : 

Custom,,  habit. — Gastom  respects  the  action; 
habit^  the  actor.  By  custom  we  mean  the  fre- 
quent repetition  of  the  same  act;  by  habit  the 
effect  which  that  repetition  produces  on  the 
mind  or  body.  By  the  custom  of  walking  often 
in  the  street,  one  acquires  a  habit  of  idleness. 

Sui^iribecl^  astonished^  amazed,  confounded. — I 
am  surprised,  with  what  is  new  or  unexpected ; 
I  am  astonished,  at  what  is  vast  or  great ;  I  am 
amazed  with  what  is  incomprehensible ;  I  am  con- 
founded  by  what  is  shocking  or  terrible. 

Pride,  vanity. — Pride  makes  us  esteem  our- 
selves ;  vanity  makes  us  desire  the  esteem  of 
others.  It  is  j  ust  to  say,  as  Dean  Swift  has  done, 
that  a  man  may  be  too  proud  to  be  vain. 

Only,  alone. — Only  imports  that  there  is  no 
other  of  the  same  kind ;  alone  imports  being  ac- 
companied by  no  other.  An  only  child  is  one 
who  has  neither  brother  nor  sister ;  a  child  alone 
is  one  who  is  left  by  itself  There  is  a  diiference, 
tlierefore,  in  precise  language,  between  these  two 

Sullivan. 


44 


SYNONYMS. 


phrases;  "Yirtue  07-d>/ makes  us  happy;"  and, 
"  Virtue  alone  makes  us  happy."  "  Yirtue  only 
makes  us  happy,"  imports  that  nothing  else  can 
do  it.  "  Virtue  alone  makes  us  happy,"  implies 
that  virtue,  by  itself,  or  unaccompanied  by  other 
advantages,  is  sufficient  to  do  it. 

Enough,  siifflcient.  —  Enough  relates  to  the 
quantity  which  one  wishes  to  have  of  any  thing ; 
sufficient  relates  to  the  use  that  is  to  be  made  of 
it.  Hence,  enough  generally  imports  a  greater 
quantity  than  suffcient  does.  The  covetous  man 
never  has  enough,  although  he  has  what  is  suffi- 
cient for  nature. 

Remark,  observe. — We  remark  in  the  way  of 
attention,  in  order  to  remember;  we  observe  in 
the  way  of  examination,  in  order  to  judge.  A 
traveler  remarks  the  most  striking  objects  he  sees ; 
a  general  observes  all  the  motions  of  his  enemy. 

SYNONYMS. 

The  following  words  should  be  carefully 
studied  by  the  pupil  and  their  meaning  illustrated 
by  incorporating  them  into  sentences,  as  indicated 
by  the  example  above. 


Abandon.* 

Desert. 

Foi-.sake. 

Abdicate. 

Kesign. 

Eelinquish. 

Abettor. 

Accessorjr. 

Accomplice. 


Abhor. 

Abominate. 

Detest. 

Ability. 

Capacity. 
Talent. 

Abjure. 

Eenoimce. 

Eecant. 


Abridge. 

Curtail. 
Shorten. 

Abrldgjnent. 
Compcudium. 
Epitome.   . 

Absolute. 
Despotic. 
Arbitrary. 


Absorb. 

Engross. 
. ccupy. 

Abstain. 
Forbear. 
Eefrain. 

Abstcmioua. 

Temperate. 

Sober. 


*  To  be  read  in  columns,  down,  the  pag;o 


SYNONYMS. 

45 

Absurd. 

Preposterous. 

Irrational. 

Accumulate. 

Amass. 

Collect. 

Add.      ' 

Join. 

Unite. 

Adversary. 
Opponent. 
Antagonist, 

Abuse. 

Reproach. 

Revile. 

Accurate. 

Exact. 

Precise. 

Address. 

Direction. 

Superscription. 

Affirm. 
Assert. 
Aver. 

Abusive. 

Reproachful, 

Scurrilous. 

Achieve. 

Accomplish. 

Perform. 

Adroitness. 
Dexterity. 

SkUl. 

Aflix. 

Attach. 

Annex. 

Accede. 
Comply. 
Acquiesce. 

Achievement. 

Exploit. 

Feat. 

Adduce. 

Advance. 

Allege. 

Agreement. 

Contract. 

Covenant. 

A  ccelerate. 

Quicken. 

Hasten. 

Acid. 

Sour. 
Tart. 

Adequate. 

Commensurate, 

Sufficient. 

Aim. 

,  View. 
Design. 

Accident. 

Chance. 

Casualty. 

Acquire. 

Obtain. 

Gain. 

Adhere. 

Stick. 

Cleave. 

Air. 

Mien. 

Look. 

Accommodate. 

Adjust. 

Suit. 

Acrimony. 
BiLterness. 
Harshness. 

Adherent. 

Follower. 
Purtizan. 

Alleviate. 
Mitigate. 
Relieve. 

Accomplish. 

Fulfill. 

Complete. 

Act. 

Action. 

Deed. 

Adjacent. 

Adjoining. 

Contiguous. 

Allot. 
Apportion. 

Assign. 

Accost. 
Salute. 
Address. 

Active. 
Quick. 
Nimble. 

Admit. 
Allow. 
Grant. 

Alter. 

Change. 

Vary. 

Account. 

Karrutive. 

Description. 

Actual. 

Real. 

Positive. 

Admission. 
Admittance. 

Access. 

Ambassador. 

Envoy. 

Plenij.  otentiary. 

Account. 

Reckoning. 

Eill. 

Actuate. 
Induce. 
Impel. 

Adorn. 

Decorate. 
Beautify. 

Ample. 

Plentiful. 

Abundant. 

Account. 

Sake. 

Reason. 

Acute. 
Sharp. 
Keen. 

Adroit. 

Dextrous. 

Clever. 

Ancient. 

Anti(^uated. 
Antique. 

Accountable. 
Responsible. 
Answerable. 

Adase. 

Prnverh. 

Aphorisnu 

Advantageous. 

Beneficial. 

Profitable. 

Animate. 
Enliven. 
Inspire. 

46 


SYNONYMS. 


Ar.nals. 

Chronicles. 

Kecords. 

Announce. 

Proclaim. 

Declare. 

Answer. 
Keply. 
Eesj  onse. 

Anxiety. 

Perplexity. 

Solicitude. 

Apparition. 

Spectre. 

Pliantom. 

Appear. 

Look. 

Seem. 


Associate. 
Compaion. 
Partner. 

Association, 

Society. 

Company. 

Assurance. 
Confidence. 
Eflrontery. 

Avarice. 

Covetousness. 

Cufiidity. 

Baffle. 

Balk. 

Frustrate. 

Barbarian. 

Savage. 

Uncivilized. 


Blainable.  Brittle. 

Culpable.  Frangible. 

Reprehensible.  Frague. 

Bleeding.  Building. 

Phlebotomy.  Structure. 

Venesection.  Edifice. 


Blend 

Mix. 

Mingle. 

Obliterate. 

Erase. 

Eflace. 

Bodily. 

Corjioreal. 

Corporal. 

Bog. 
Fen. 
Marsh. 


Bud. 
Germinate. 

Sprout. 

Bulk. 

Size. 

Magnitude. 

Burdensome 

Weighty. 
Onerous. 

Bury. 
Inter. 

Entomb. 


Apprehend. 
Seize. 

Catch. 

Apprehend. 

Conceive. 

Imagine. 

Artifice. 

Triek 

Stratagem. 

Artificer. 

Artizan. 

Mechanic. 

Ascribe. 

Attribute. 

Impute. 

Assail. 

Assault. 
Attack. 


Barren. 

Sterile. 
Unfruitful. 

Basis. 

Foundation. 

Groundwork. 

Bear. 

Carry. 

Convey. 

Bear. 

Endure. 

Sutler. 

Behavior. 
Conduct. 
Demeanor. 

Behead. 

Decapitate. 
Gn'Motine. 


Border. 

Margin. 
Verge. 

Boundless. 
Unlimited. 
Infinite. 

Boundaries. 

Limits. 

Confines. 

Bounty. 

Generosity. 

Liberality. 

Brace. 

Couple. 
Pair. 

Bravo. 

Courageous. 
Valiant. 


Calling. 

Vocation. 

Professioj 

Carnage. 

!M;Lssiiere 
Slaughto 

Carriage 
Bearing 
Deporti       k 

Celebra'i'/'i. 

Famous. 

Kenowned. 

Changeable. 

Mutable. 
Variable. 

Cheat. 

Defraud. 

Triuk. 


Assemble. 

Muster. 

Collect. 


Behold. 

View. 

Observe. 


Brave. 

Dare. 

Defy. 


Check. 

Curb. 

Control. 


STNONTMS. 


47 


Chide. 

Rebuke. 

Beprimand, 

Cherish. 
Nourish. 
Foster. 

Choke. 

Sutfocate. 

Smother. 

Choleric. 
Irascible. 
Passionate. 

Civility. 

Politeness. 

Urbanity. 

Clear. 
Lucid. 
Perspicuous. 

Cloak. 

Palliate. 

Screen. 

Close. 
Shut. 
Conclude. 


Compensation. 

Eecompense. 

Eemuneration. 

Competent. 

Qualified. 

Fitted. 

Compound. 

Mixture. 

Medley. 

Conceit. 

Fancy. 

Imagination. 

Conciliate. 
Propitiate. 
Eeconcile. 

Conclusive. 

Decisive. 

Convincing. 

Concord. 

Harmony. 

Unity. 

Confute. 

Eefute. 

Disprove. 


Contrivance. 

Device. 

Scheme. 

Model. 
Pattern. 

Crafty. 
Cunning. 

Artful. 

Cross. 

Perverse. 

Froward. 

Cross. 

Tiiwart. 

Obstruct. 

Curious. 

Inquisitive. 

Prying. 

Curse. 

Imprecation. 

Anathema. 

Dangerous. 

Perifous. 

Hazardous. 


Deface. 

Disfigure. 

Deform. 

Defect. 

Imperfection. 

Blemish. 

Disown. 

Disavow. 

Disclaim. 

Design. 

Purpose. 

Intent. 

Design. 

Plan. 

Project. 

Discernment. 

Discrimination. 

Penetration. 

Disengage. 
Disentangle. 

Extricate. 

Divide. 

Separate. 

Part. 


Clothes. 

Garments. 

Dress. 


Console. 

Solace. 
Comfort, 


Dead. 

Lifelass. 

Inanimate. 


Earthly. 
Worldly. 
Terrestrial. 


Colleague. 

Partner. 

Associate. 

Colors. 
Ensign. 
Flag. 

Commodious , 

Convenient. 
Suitable. 

Communi  ;ate. 

Impart. 

Disclose. 


Constant. 

Continual. 

Perpetual. 


Deceive. 

Delude. 

Cheat. 


Contemplate.  Decency. 

Meditate.  Decorum. 

Ponder.  Propriety. 

Contemptuous.  Decided. 

Disdainful.  Determined. 

Scornful.  Eesolute. 


Convivial. 

Jovial. 

Social. 


Decree. 

Edict. 

Proclamation. 


Ecstacy. 
Eapture. 
Transport. 

Education. 
Instruction. 
Tuition. 

Effect. 
Eesult 
Consequence. 

Effort. 

E.xertion. 

Endeavor. 


48 

STNONYMS. 

Elderly. 

Old. 

Aged. 

Excessive. 

Immoderate. 

Intemperate. 

Fit. 
Apt. 
Meet. 

Grave. 

Serious. 
Solemn. 

Emhlera. 

Svmbol. 

iVpe. 

Exigency. 

Emergency. 

Necessity. 

Flexible. 
Pliable. 
,   Supple. 

Grave. 

Sepulchre. 

Tomb. 

Empty. 
Vacant. 
Void. 

Extraneous. 

Extrinsic. 

Foreign. 

Flock. 
Herd. 
Drove, 

Guess. 

Conjecturo. 

Surmise. 

End. 

Termination. 

Extremity. 

Face. 

Countenance. 

Visage. 

Form. 

Figure. 
Shape. 

Guide 
Lead. 
"Clonduct. 

Endurance. 
Sutlerance. 
Toleration. 

Faithless.  ■ 
Perfidious. 
Treacherous. 

Forbid. 

Prohibit. 

Interdict. 

Happiness. 
Felieitv. 
Bliss.  ' 

Enlarge. 
Increase. 
Extend. 

Fame. 

Eenown. 

Reputation. 

Force. 
Vigor. 
Energy. 

Hardened. 
Obdurate. 
Unfeeling. 

Enlighten. 
Illuminate. 
Illumine. 

Fanciful. 

Imaginative. 

Ideal. 

Forerunner. 

Precursor. 

Harbinger. 

Harass. 

Perplex. 

Distress. 

Enmity. 

Animosity. 

Hostility. 

Farewell. 
Good-by. 
Adieu. 

Foretell. 
Predict. 
Prognosticate. 

Harsh. 

Eigorous. 
Severe. 

Emulation. 

Eivalry. 

Competition. 

Fearful. 

Timid. 

Timorous. 

Found. 

Establish. 
Institute. 

Haste. 
Hurry. 
Precipitancy. 

Essay. 

Dissertation. 

Treatise. 

Fearful. 

Formidable 

Terrible. 

Frank. 

Candid. 

Ingenuous. 

Hazard. 

Eisk. 

Venture. 

Essay. 

Try. 

Attempt, 

Feign. 

Pretend. 

Dissemble. 

Frolic. 
Prank. 
Gambol. 

Head. 
Chief. 
Principal. 

Esteem. 

Value. 

Prize. 

Fervor. 
Ardor. 

ZeaL 

Gentile. 
Heathen. 

Pagan. 

Healthv. 

Salubrlou?. 

Wholesome. 

Estimate. 
Compute. 
Eate. 

Firm. 
Solid. 
Stable. 

Gift. 

Donation. 

Present, 

Heavy. 

Ponderous. 

Weighty. 

SYNONTMS, 


49 


Hide. 

Conceal. 

Secrete. 

Hint. 

Intimation. 

Suggestion. 

Hire. 

Salary. 

Wages. 

Hopeless. 

Desperate. 

Forlorn. 

Huge. 

Vast. 
Enormous. 

Idea. 

Notion. 

Conception. 

Imminent. 

Impending. 

Threatening. 

Importance. 

Consequence. 
Moment. 

Inborn. 
Innate. 
Inlierent. 

Ineffectual. 

Fruitless. 

Vain. 

Infringement. 

Infraction. 

Violation. 

Interpose. 
Interfere. 
Intei-meddle. 

Justice. 

Equity. 
Eight. 


Kingly. 

Kegal. 

Eoyal. 

Kind. 

Sort. 
Species. 

Last. 

Final. 

Ultimate. 

Lean. 

Meager. 

Thin. 

Lean. 

Incline. 

Bend. 

Learning. 
Erudition. 
Literature. 

Leave. 

Liberty. 

Permission. 

Liveliness. 
Animation. 
Vivacity. 

Madness. 
Insanity. 
Frenzy. 

Martial. 

Warlike. 

Military. 

Mistake. 

Error. 

Blunder. 

Mishap. 

Mischance. 

Casualty. 

Modest. 
Basil  ful. 
Ditiideat 


Mutual. 

Keciprocal. 

Alternate. 

Name. 

Apellation, 

Title. 

Necessary. 
Bequisito. 
Essential. 

Negligent 

Careless. 

Heedless. 

New. 

Fresh. 

Keeent. 

News. 

Tidings. 

Intellfgence. 

Odd. 

Singular. 

Strange. 

Offer. 

Propose. 

Tender. 

Offering, 
Oblation. 
Gift. 

Omen. 

Prognostic. 

Presage, 

Origin. 

Beginning. 
Source 

Overbalance. 

Outweigh. 

Preponderate. 

Overbearing. 
Uoiuineering' 
Imperious. 


Overturn. 
Overthrow. 

Subject. 

Outward. 

Exterioi. 
External. 

Pace. 
Step. 
Degree. 

Pale. 

Pallid. 

Wan. 

Part. 

Portion. 

Share. 

Partake. 

Participate. 

Share. 

Pellucid. 

Transparent 

Clear. 

Penetrate. 

Pierce. 

Perforate. 

Penetration. 
Acuteness. 

Sagacity. 

Perceive. 
Discern. 
Distinguish. 

Pity. 

Compassion. 

Sympathy. 

Polite. 

Polished. 

Kefined. 

Posture. 

Position. 
Attitude. 


50 


SYNONYMS. 


Possessor. 

Owner. 

Proprietor. 

Powerful. 
Potent. 

Mighty. 

Praise. 
( 'oinmend. 

Eulogize. 

Praiseworthy. 

CoinrnenJable. 

Laudable. 


Question. 

Query. 

Interrogation. 

Eace. 

Lineage. 

Pedigree. 

Rapacious. 
Ravenous. 
Voracious. 

Rapine. 

Plunder. 

Pillage. 


Pressing.  Rashness. 

Urgent.  Temerity. 

Importunate.       Precipitancy. 


Pretense. 

Pretext. 
Excuse. 

Predominant. 

Rulinff. 

Prevailing. 

Preliminary. 
Preparatory. 
Introductory. 

Primary. 

Primitive. 

Original. 

Privacy. 

Retirement. 

Seclusion. 

Progress. 

Proficiency. 

Impi-ovement. 

Quack. 

Mountebank. 

Charlatan. 

Querulous. 

Peevish. 

Fretful. 


Ratify. 

Confirm. 

Sanction. 


Recjfon. 

Coimt. 

Compute. 

Refuse. 
Reject. 
Decline. 

Relation. 
Relative. 
Kinsman. 

Repeat. 
Recite. 
Rehearse. 

Reproach. 

Contumely. 

Obloquy. 

Rest. 

Remainder. 

Residue. 


Rest. 

Cessation. 

Intermission. 

Restitution. 
Reparation. 
Amends. 

Revile. 
Vilify. 
Upbraid. 

Riches. 
Wealth. 
Opulence. 

Riot. 

Uproar. 

Tumult. 

Robust. 

Stout. 

Strong. 


Recede. 

Rot. 

Retire. 

Putrify. 

Retreat. 

Corrupt, 

Round. 

Globular. 

Spherical. 

Sanguinary. 

Bloody. 

Cruel. 

Scatter. 

Disperse. 

Dissipate. 

Secular. 

Temporal. 

Worldly. 

Separate. 

Sever. 

Disjoin. 

Servant. 

Domestic. 

Menial. 


Servitude. 

Slavery. 

Bondage. 

Shake. 
Agitate 
Toss. 

Show. 

Display. 

Exhibit. 

Show. 

Ostentation 

Parade. 

Signification. 

Meaning. 

Import. 

Sim;'?. 

Similitude. 

Comparison. 

Simpleton. 

Fool. 
Idiot. 

Sketch. 
Outline. 
Delineation. 

Skin. 
Rind. 
Peel. 

Slow. 

Dilatory. 

Tardy. 

Smell. 
Scent. 
Odor. 

Stagger. 

Heet 

Totter. 

Smooth. 

Level, 

Plain. 


SYNONYMS. 


51 


Solitary. 
Lonely. 
Desolate. 

Special. 
Specific. 
Ptti  ticular. 

Speech. 
Oration. 
Harangue. 

Speech. 

Language. 

Tongue. 

Stain. 
Sully. 
Tarnish. 


Tease. 

Annoy. 

Vex. 

Transient. 

Transitory. 

Fleeting. 

Tendency. 

Drift. 

Aim. 

Thick. 
Dense. 
Compact. 

Thin. 

Slender. 
Slight. 


Wakeful. 
Watchful. 
Vigilant. 


State.  Thrift. 

Kealra.  Frugality. 

Commonwealth.  Economy. 


Straight. 

Kighc. 

Direct. 

Stranger. 

Foreigner. 

Alien. 

Strengthen. 

Fortity. 

Livigoiate. 

Surround. 

ineompass. 

Environ. 

Sustain. 
Support. 
Maintain. 


Timely. 

Seasonable. 

Opportune. 

Trade. 

Commerce. 

Traffic. 

Transfigure. 

Transform. 

Metanjorphoae. 

Trembling. 

Tremor. 

Trepidation. 

Trial. 

Experiment. 

Test. 


Undervalue. 

Disparage. 

Depreciate. 


Undcrstandmg.  Want. 
Intellect.  Indigence. 

Mind.  Necessity. 


Unfold. 

Unravel. 

Develop. 


Want. 
Lack. 
Need. 


Unimportant.      Warn. 
Insigiiiticant.       Caution. 
Inconsiderable.   Admonish. 


Unoffending. 

Inoti'ensive. 

Harmless. 

Unruly. 

Ungovernable. 

Kefractory. 

Unspeak.able. 
Unutterable. 
Inetlable. 

Uprightness. 

Rectitude. 

Integrity. 

Utter. 

Articulate. 

Pronounce. 

Valuable. 
Precious. 
Costly. 

Value. 
Worth. 
Price. 


Wave. 
Billow. 
Breaker 

Waver. 

Fluctuate. 

Vacillate. 

Way. 
Road. 
Route. 

Way. 

Method. 
Mynner. 

Weaken. 

Enfeeble. 
Debilitate. 

AVearisomo. 

Tiresome. 

Irksome. 

Weariness. 
Lassitude. 
Fatigue. 


Take. 

Receive. 

Accept. 

Tax. 

Impost. 

Rate. 


Trivial. 
Trilling. 
Frivolous. 

Trouble. 
Disturb. 
Molest. 


Violent. 

Vehement. 

Impetuous. 

Vote. 

Suffrage. 

Voice. 


Weight. 

Heaviness 

Gravity. 

Willful. 

Headstrong. 

Testy. 


52 


WORDS    OF    SIMILAR    IMPORT. 


Well-being. 

Welfare. 

ProsiJerity. 

Wise. 

Prudent. 

DiKcreet, 

World. 
Earth. 
Globe. 

Youthful. 
Juvenile. 
Boyish. 

Whim. 

Freak. 
Caprice. 

Wonder. 

Admiration. 

Surjn-ise. 

Worth. 
Desert. 

Merit. 

Zealous. 
Ardent. 
Warm. 

Whole. 
Entire. 
Total. 

Wonder. 
Miracle. 
Marvel. 

Worthy. 

Estimable. 

Valuable. 

Zone. 
Belt. 
Girdle. 

Willingly. 

Voluntarily. 

Spontaneously. 

Work. 
Labor. 
ToU. 

Worship. 

Adore. 

Venerate. 

"WORDS  OF  SIMILAR  IMPORT. 

The  following  sets  of  words  are  strikingly  sim- 
ilar in  their  signification.  One  of  each  pair  is  of 
Anglo-Saxon  origin,  and  the  other  is  from  tlie 
Latin, — though  a  few  of  the  former  may  be  traced 
to  Latin  or  Greek  roots. 


Begin. 
Commence. 

Bequeath.. 
Devise. 

Binding. 
O  bligatory. 

Bitterness. 
Acrimony. 

Bloody. 
Sanguinary 

Bodily . 
Corporeal. 

Boundaries. 

Confines. 

Breed. 
Engender. 


Brotherly. 
Fraternal. 

Childhood. 
Infancy. 

Choice. 
Option. 

Corner. 
Angle. 

Dark. 
Obscure. 

Die. 

Expire. 

Earthly. 
Terrestrial. 

Eastern. 
Oriental. 


Enliven. 
Animate. 

Enough. 
Sufficient. 

Errand. 

Message. 


Happen. 
Chance. 

Heavenly 
Celestial. 

Hinder. 
Prevent. 


Fellowship.         Inside. 
Companionship.  Interior. 


Freedom. 
Liberty. 

Friendly. 
Amicab'le. 

Fullness. 
Plenitude. 

Fullness. 
Kcpletion. 


Keeping. 
Custody. 

Kingly. 
Eegal. 

Lean. 
Meagre. 

Likely. 
Probable. 


WORDS    VARYING    IN    USE. 


58 


Live. 

Exist. 


Owing. 
Due. 


Tliougbtful 
Peubive. 


Weep. 
Deplore. 


Lively. 
Animated, 


Shepherd. 
Pastor. 


Timely. 
Seasonable. 


WilL 
Volition. 


Lucky. 

Fortunate. 


Shock. 
Concussion. 


Truth. 

Verity. 


Will. 
Testament. 


Motherly. 
Maternal. 


Shun. 
Avoid. 


Understand. 
Comprehend. 


Witness. 
Testify 


Odd, 
Singular. 


Step. 
Pace. 


Understanding. 
Intellect. 


Wonderful, 
Marvelous, 


Opening. 
Aperture. 


Straight. 

Erect. 


Unspeakable. 
Ineffable. 


Woody. 
Sylvan. 


Overflow. 
Inundate. 


Sweat. 
Perspire. 


Unutterable. 
Inexpressible. 


Wordy. 
Verbose. 


Outlive. 
Survive. 

Outside. 
Exterior. 


Tasteless. 
Insipid. 

Teachable. 
Docile. 


Uprightness. 
Rectitude. 

Want.  _ 

Necessity. 


Worth. 
Value. 

Worthless 
Valueless. 


Outward. 
External. 


Thick. 
Dense. 


Waver. 
Fluctuate. 


Watery. 
Aqueous. 


Overseer. 
Inspector. 


Threat. 
Menace. 


Weapons. 
Arms. 


Weaken. 
Invalidate. 


WORDS  VARYING  IN  USE. 


Each  of  the  words  in  the  following  list  has 
two  or  more  meanings  or  applications.  Some  of 
them  have  several,  though  in  some  cases  local 
usage  increases  the  number.  Let  the  pupils 
illustrate  the  various  uses  by  incorporating 
5* 


54 


WORDS    VARYING    IN    USE. 


them  into  sentences  as  indicated  below.*  It 
will  prove  an  interesting  and  profitable  ex- 
ercise. 


Address. 

Anfrle. 

Bachelor. 

Bait 

Bale. 

Ball. 

Base. 

Bat. 

Bay. 

Beaver. 

Bill. 

Blade. 

Blow. 

Board. 

Boot. 

Box. 

Butt. 

Cape. 

Case. 

Cashier. 

Cast. 

Cataract. 

Chase. 

Club. 

Comb. 

Consistency. 

Corn. 

Corporal. 

Count. 

Counter. 

Court. 


Craft. 

Crane. 

Crop. 

Cross, 

Crow. 

Crown. 

Dam. 

Date. 

Deal. 

Dear. 

Deck. 

Desert. 

Diet. 

Draw. 

Engross. 

Express. 

Fair. 

Faro. 

Fellow. 

File. 

Fillet. 

Finn. 

Flag. 

Fold. 

Foil. 

Foot. 

Forge. 

Found. 

Fret. 

Fry. 

Game. 


Gin. 

Nail. 

Grain. 

Page. 

Grate. 

Pafe. 

Grave. 

Palm. 

Graze. 

Partial. 

Habit. 

Pen. 

Hail. 

Perch. 

Hamper. 

Pike. 

Hide. 

Pitch. 

Hind. 

Poach. 

Jet. 

Port. 

Kind. 

Porter. 

Left. 

Post. 

Letter. 

Pound. 

Light. 

Pupil. 

Lighten. 

Quarter. 

Lime. 

Eange. 
Eauk. 

Line. 

Link. 

Eear. 

Litter. 

Eent. 

Look. 

Eock. 

Long. 

Eush. 

Lot. 

Sable. 

Mail. 

Scale. 

Match. 

Season. 

Meal. 

Set. 

Mean. 

Shaft. 

Meet. 

Shoal. 

Moor. 

Sole. 

Mortar. 

Sound. 

Mould. 

Spring. 

*  The  lady  had  a  very  pleasant  addi-ess. 

The  address  was  appropriate  and  the  audience  attentive. 

How  shall  I  address  the  letter  ? 

It  was  an  acute  angle.     He  loved  to  angle  in  the  pond. 

John  used  clams  for  halt.  They  stopped  to  bait  the  Lorses. 
They  bait  the  bear. 

The  walk  had  a  border  of  box.  The  rule  was  made  of  box.  Ho 
was  seated  on  the  box  of  the  coach.  A  box  was  missing  from  one 
wheel.  They  learn  to  box  the  compass.  The  man  gave  him  a 
box  on  the  ear.  William  kept  his  money  in  a  box.  They  box 
skillfully.     The  men  box  the  goods. 

The  vessel  was  in  the  bay.  The  dogs  were  kept  at  baij.  The 
iiian  rode  a  ban  horse.  The  dogs  bay  at  the  moon.  He  was  under 
a  ia^-tree.    Sue  sat  by  the  Jay-window. 


"WORDS    LIABLE    TO    BE    MISSPELLED. 


65 


Stake. 

Stock. 

Talent. 

Tender. 

Steep. 

Stocks. 

Toll. 

Usher. 

Stern. 

Strain. 

Tumbler. 

Utter. 

Stick. 

Swallow. 

Taper. 

Yard. 

WORDS   LIABLE   TO   BE    MISSPELLED. 


The  accent  in  tlie  following  and  similar  words 
gives,  in  speaking,  a  double  sound  to  the  middle 
consonant,  and  hence  there  is  a  tendency  to 
double  it  in  spelling. 


Agate. 

Credit. 

Alum. 

Cynic. 

Atone. 

Damage. 

Balance. 

Damask. 

Banish. 

Deluge. 

Baron. 

Desert. 

Bevil. 

Develop. 

Bevy. 

Dragon. 

Bigot. 

Drivel. 

Blemish. 

Elegant. 

Bodice. 

Elevate. 

Body. 

Eligible. 

Botany. 

Fagot. 

Bury. 

Famine. 

Busy. 

Felon. 

Cabin. 

Flagon 

Calico. 

Forest. 

Camel. 

Forget. 
Frolic. 

Canon. 

Capital. 

Gamut. 

Cavil. 

Granite. 

Cherish. 

Gravel. 

Chisel. 

Grovel. 

Citv. 

Habit. 

Civil. 

Harass. 

Civet. 

Havoc. 

Claret. 

Hazard. 

Clever. 

Homage. 

Closet. 

Honor. 

Colony 

Honest. 

Comet. 

Honey. 
Hovel. 

C  3  inc. 

Copy. 

Hover. 

Coral. 

Lavish. 

Cover. 

Level. 

Covert. 

LeTy. 

Limit. 

Linen. 

Lizard. 

Malice. 

Manor. 

Many. 

Medal. 

Memory. 

Melon. 

Menace. 

Metal. 

Merit. 

Minute. 

Misery. 

Model. 

Modest. 

Money. 

Moral. 

Never. 

Novel. 

Oven. 

Palace. 

Palate. 

Parish. 

Pavilion. 

Peril. 

Pity. 

Pivot. 

Planet. 

Polish. 

Prelate. 

Privy. 

Provost. 

Quality. 

Quiver. 

Kabid. 


Eapid. 

Eavage 

Kavel. 

Kebel. 

Eelish. 

Eevel. 

Eiver. 

Eivet. 

Rigor. 

Sakd. 

Salary. 

Satin. 

Scholar. 

Senate. 

Separate. 

Seraph. 

Sever. 

Shadow. 

Shekel. 

Sheriff. 

Sirup. 

Sloven. 

Swivel. 

Spavin, 

Spigot. 

Spirit. 

Sterile. 

Stomach 

Study. 

Swivel. 

Talent. 

Talon. 

Tenant. 

Tenon. 

Tenor. 

Tepid. 


56 

CHRISTIAN 

NAMES    OF    MALES. 

Tonic. 

Valance. 

Venue. 

Wacron. 

Topic. 

Valid. 

Vermilion. 

Widow. 

Traverse. 

Valet. 

Very. 

Wizard. 

Travel. 

Vapid. 

Vigor 

Zealous. 

Tropic. 

VcDom. 

Visit 

VARIOUS    CLASSIFICATIONS. — CHRISTUN   NAMES    OP  MALES. 


Aa'ron. 

Car'los. 

George. 

Jo'tham. 

A'bel. 

Ce'cil. 

Gid'eon. 

Ju'lius. 

Abi'el. 

Ce'phas. 

Gil'bert. 

Abi'jab. 

Ch;u-le3. 

Giles. 

Lem'uel. 

Ab'ner. 

Clem'ent. 

Gil'man. 

Leon'ard. 

A 'bra  ham. 

Chris'tophcr. 

Greg'ory. 

Le'vi. 

Ab'salom. 

Cy'rus. 

Gusta'vus. 

Lew'is. 

Ad'am. 

Lu'cius. 

Adol'phus. 

Dan'iel. 

Hec'tor. 

Luke. 

Al'bert. 

Dari'us. 

Hen'ry. 

Lu'ther. 

Alexan'der. 

Da'vid. 

Her'bert. 

Al'fred. 

Hezeki'ah. 

Mar'cua. 

Alon'zo. 

Eb'en. 

Hi'ram. 

Mark. 

Alphe'us. 

Ebcne'zer. 

Hor'ace. 

Mar'tin. 

Alphon'so. 
AVvin. 

Ed 'gar. 

Hora'tio. 

Ma'son. 

Ed'mund. 

Hose'a. 

Mat'thew. 

Am'asa. 

Ed'ward. 

Ilu'bert. 

Mau'rice. 

Am'brose. 

Ed'win. 

Hugh. 

Mi'cah. 

A'mos. 

Eg'bert. 

Humph'rey. 

Mi'cliael. 

An'drew. 

Ei'bridge. 

Mor'timer. 

An'thony. 

Elea'zai". 

Icb'abod. 

Mo'ses. 

Apol'los. 

Eli'ab. 

I'ra. 

Arehela'us. 

Eli'as. 

I'saac. 

Na'hura. 

Ar'chibald. 

Eli'hu. 

Is'rael. 

Na'than. 

Ar'temas. 

Eli'iah. 

Nathan'iel. 

Ar'thur, 

Eli'sha. 

Ja'bez. 

Nehemi'ah. 

A'sa. 

Eli'phalet. 

Ja'cob. 

Nich'olas, 

As'ahel. 

E'noch. 

James. 

Ivo'ah. 

Ash'er. 

.  E'nos. 

Ja'red. 

Augus'tine. 

E'phraim. 

Ja'son. 

Obadi'ah. 

Augus'tus. 

Eras'tus. 

Jcrenii'ah. 

O'bed. 

Aus'tin. 

E'than. 

Jerome'. 

Oeta.'vius. 

Eugene'. 

Jes'se. 

Ol'iver 

Bar'nabaB. 

Eus'tace. 

Jo'ab. 

Orlan'do. 

Be'la. 

Eze'kiel. 

Jo'el. 

Os'car. 

Ben'ediet. 

Ez'ra. 

John. 

Os'mond. 

Ben'jamisi. 

Jo'uali. 

O'tis. 

Bernard. 

Fe'lix. 

Jo'nas. 

Ber'uadotte. 

Eer'dmand. 

Jon'athan. 

Pat'rick. 

Fnm'cis. 

Jo'seph. 
Josh  ua. 

Paul. 

Ca'leb. 

Frank'lin. 

Pe'leg. 

Cal'vin. 

Fred'cric. 

Josi'ah. 

Pe'rez. 

CHRISTIAN   NAMES    OF   FEMALES. 


67 


Pe'ter. 

Ru  fus. 

Philua'der. 

Kog'on 

Pliil'ip. 

PM'lo. 

Sam'son 

Pliin'eas. 

Sam'ueh 

Phile'moa. 

SaiiL 

Ealph» 

Seth. 

Eeu'ben. 

Silas. 

Bich'ard. 

Sim'eon. 

fiob'ert. 

Si'moa. 

Sol'omon. 

yte'phen. 

8yd  ney. 

Sylva'nus. 

Sjlvea'ter. 

Thad'deua. 

The'odore. 

Tbeoph'ilus. 

Thom'as. 

Tim'otliy. 


Ti'tus. 

Tobi'as. 

Tris'trara, 

Uri'ah. 

Wal'ter. 
WiL'liam. 

Zach'ary. 
Zacche'us. 


CHEISTIAN    NAMES    OF    FEMALES. 


Ab'igall. 

Ad'eline. 

Ad'elaide. 

Ade'lia. 

Ag'atha, 

Ag'nes. 

Ag'gle. 

Al'ice. 

Alme'da. 

Almi'ra. 

Althe'ft. 

Aman'da, 

Ame'lia. 

Ami  or  Anne. 

An'na. 

Angeli'na. 

Annette'. 

Annis. 

An'toinette. 

Arabel'la. 

Augus'ta. 

Aure'lia. 

Bar'bara. 

Beat'rice, 

Ber'tha. 

Berni'ce. 

Bet'scy. 

Bridg'et. 

Car'olinc. 

Catli'arine. 

Cecil'ia, 

Ce'lia. 

Char'it7. 

Cbar'lotte. 

"iiHilo'e. 


Chrlsti'na. 

Clar'a. 

Clar'issa. 

Cou'stanca 

Corde'lia. 

Corne'lia. 

Cyn'thia. 

Deb'orah. 

Delia, 

Dian'a. 

Dian'tha. 

Cor'cas. 

Dorothy. 

E'dith. 

Ed'nah, 

Elec'ta. 

El'bertine. 

Ellen. 

Ehni'ra. 

Elvi'ra. 

Em'erctte. 

Eiully. 

Em'ma. 

Ea'ther. 

Eudo'ra. 

Euge'nia. 

Eu  nice. 

E'va. 

Fan'ny. 

Fedo'ra. 

Fidelia. 

Flo'ra. 

Flor'enoe. 

Foresti'Ea. 


Fran'ces* 

Genev'ra. 
Georgian'a. 
Ger'trude. 
Grace. 

Han'nah. 

Hanno'ra, 

Har'riet. 

Hel'en. 

Heoriet'ta 

Hes'ter. 

Hnl'dah. 

I'da. 

Irene'. 

Isabella. 

Jane. 

Jenette'. 

Jeu'nie. 

Jeru'sha. 

Jes'sie. 

Joan'na. 

Jo'sephine. 

Ju'dith. 

Julia. 

Ju'liette. 

Kezi'a. 

Lavin'ia. 

Lau'ra. 

Loono'ra. 

Lois. 

Lot'tie. 


Loiii'sa, 

Lucin'da. 

Lu'cia. 

Lucre'tia. 

Lu'cy. 

Lu'ra. 

Lydla. 

Ma'bel. 

Mad'eline 

Matil'da. 

Mar'garet. 

Mar'cia. 

Mari'a. 

Mariet'ta. 

Mar'tha. 

Ma'ry. 

Maud. 

Melin'da. 

Melis'sa. 

Mer'cy. 

Miner'va 

Nan'cy. 
No'ra. 

Olive. 
Olivia. 
Ophelia. 

Pa'tience. 

Pauline, 

Per'sis. 

Phe'be. 

Phyllis. 

Priscilla. 

Pla'deiioe. 


68 


OCCUPATIONS,    PROFESSIONS,    ETC. 


♦a'chel. 

Sabi'na. 

Tab'itha. 

Vali'na, 

Kebec'ca, 

Sulome'. 

Teiii'pc.Tance. 

Virgiu'ia. 

Kho'da. 

Sali'na. 

ThanK'ful. 

Ko'sa. 

Saiaaii'tha. 

Thuodo'ra. 

Wil'lia. 

Eos'ai.^ond. 

Sa'rali. 

Thcres'sa. 

"Wiihelmine', 

liD'sella. 

Sophi'a. 

Tryphe'na, 

or 

Koset'ta. 

Soiihro'nia. 

Wilhelmi'na. 

Eutii. 

Sli  teuu. 

Ursu'la. 

OCCUPATIONS,    PHOFKSSIOXS,    ETC. 

The  pupils  should  not  only  be  required  to  spell 
these  but  also  to  sive  some  account  of  each. 


Actor. 

Actress. 

Administrator. 

Agent. 

Agriculturist. 

Anatomist. 

Antiquary. 

Apothecary. 

Appraiser. 

Apprentice. 

Architect. 

Artist. 

Assessor. 

Astrologist. 

Astrouomer. 

Auctioneer. 

Auditor. 

Author. 

Baggage-master 

Bailiti'. 

Baker. 

Banker. 

Barber. 

Bargeman. 

Basket-maker, 

Blacksmith. 

Boat-builder. 

Boatman, 

Boatswain. 

Botanist, 

Bookseller. 

Bvotmakei. 


Brakeman. 

Brazier. 

Brewer. 

Brick-layer. 

Brick  maker. 

Broker. 

Broom-maker, 

Brush-maker. 

Builder. 

Burnisher. 

Butcher, 

Button-maker, 

Cabinet-maker, 
Calker. 
Carpenter, 
Carver, 
Cart  Wright, 
Carriage-maker, 
.Carter, 
Carrier, 
Car-builder. 
Cashier, 
Chaplain, 
Chapman, 
Cliambermaid, 
Chemist, 
CJieesemonger, 
Civil  Engineer, 
Clerk, 
Clergyman. 
Clock-maker. 
Clothier, 


Coach-maker. 

Coachman, 

Composer. 

Conchologist, 

Conductor. 

Constable. 

Cooper. 

Cook. 

Confectioner. 

Cobbler, 

Cordwainer. 

Colporteur, 

Copjier-smith. 

Corset-maker. 

Courier. 

Counselor. 

Crier. 

Currier. 

Cutler. 

Daguerrcan. 

Dancer, 

Dentist, 

Diplomatist. 

Distiller. 

Doctor. 

Draper, 

Draughtsman. 

Dress-maker, 

Druggist, 

Dyer, 

Electrotvper. 

Embroiderer, 


Enameler. 

Engineer. 

Engine-maker. 

Engraver, 

Exciseman. 

Executor. 

Expressman. 

Farmer. 

Farrier. 

Ferryman, 

Fireman. 

Filter. 

Fisherman. 

Fishmonger 

Foreman. 

Fowler. 

Fruiterer. 

Fuller. 

Furrier. 

Gardener. 

Genealogist. 

Geometrician. 

Geologist. 

Gilder. 

Glass-blower 

Glazier. 

Glover. 

Gokl-beator. 

Goldsmith. 

Governess. 

Groom. 


NAMES    OF    ANIMALS. 


69 


Grocer. 

Hiiberdasher. 

Hair-euttor. 

Hair-dresser. 

Harness-maker, 

Hatter. 

Hawker. 

Herdsman. 

Hodman. 

Hosier. 

Hostler. 

Housekeeper. 

Husbandman. 

Huntsman. 

Inn-keeper. 

Inspector. 

Il*on-monger. 

Jeweler. 

Joiner. 

Judge. 

Jupk'ler. 

Junk-dealer. 

Justice. 

Juryman. 

Jurist. 

Lace-maker. 

Landlord. 

Lapidary. 

Lawyer. 

Lecturer. 

Linen-draper. 

Lithographer. 

Locksmith. 

Logician. 


Machinist. 

Magician. 

Magistrate. 

Mason. 

Mayor. 

l\Ierchant. 

Metallurgist. 

Metaphysician. 

Miller. 

Milliner. 

Miner. 

Mincraloffist. 

Millwright. 

ilouldei". 

Muleteer. 

Musician. 

Kailer. 

Naturalist. 

Navigator. 

Needle-maker. 

Notary. 

Nurse. 

Optician. 

Orator. 

Organist. 

Ornithologist. 

Overseer. 

Painter. 

Paper-hanger. 

Paper-maker. 

Pastrv-cook. 

Peddler. 

Perfumer. 

Philosopher. 

Phrenologist. 


Physician. 

Pliysiologist. 

Planisher. 

Plasterer. 

Plater. 

Ploughman. 

Plumber. 

Poet. 

Polisher. 

Porter. 

Postillion. 

Potter. 

Poulterer. 

Printer. 

Quack. 
Quarryman. 

Snddlcr. 

Sailor. 

Sawyer. 

Scavenger. 

Scullion. 

Sculptor. 

Seamstress, 

Secretary. 

Seedsman. 

Selectman. 

Shepherd. 

Sheritf. 

Shipwright. 

Shoemaker. 

Shopkeeper. 

Silversmith. 

Slater. 

Smelter. 

Solicitor. 

Spinner. 


Stationer. 

Stage-driver. 

Stay-maker. 

Stereotyper. 

Stevedore. 

Steward. 

Stock-  broker. 

Stoker. 

Stone-cutter. 

Supermteudent. 

Surgeon. 

Surveyor. 

Sutler. 

Swine-herd. 

Switchman. 

Tailor. 

Tailoress. 

Tanner. 

Taverner. 

Teacher. 

Teller. 

Tinman. 

Theologian. 

Trader. 

Trunk-maker. 

Turner. 

Tutor. 

Undertaker. 
Upholsterer. 

Usher. 

Victualer. 

Wagoner. 
Watch-maker 
Weaver. 
Woodman. 


NAMES    OF    ANIMALS. 


Ant-  eater. 

Beaver. 

Chamois, 

Antelope. 

Bison. 

Civet. 

Ape. 

Buifalo. 

Coati. 

Armadillo. 

Cougar. 

Camel. 

Cow. 

Baboon. 

Camclopard. 

Badger. 

Cat. 

Deer. 

Boar. 

Catamount. 

Doe. 

Dog. 
Newfound- 
land. 
Blood-houna. 
Grevhound. 
Mastitf. 
Spaniel. 
Lapdog. 


60 


NAMES    OF    BIRDS. 


Dog. 
Poodle. 

Hare. 

Marten. 

Ehinocero*. 

Hedgehog. 

Mole. 

Terrier. 

Hippopotamus. 

Monkey. 

Sable. 

Pointer. 

Horse. 

Moose. 

Seal. 

Setter. 

Hyena. 

Mouse. 

Skunk. 

Dormouse 

Mule. 

Sloth. 

Dromedary. 

Ibex. 

Musk-ox. 

Sheep. 

Dolphin. 

Ichneumon. 

Musk-rat, 

Squirrel. 

Elephant, 

Jackal. 

Nyl-ghau. 

Tapir. 

Elk. 

Jaguar. 

Opossum. 

Tiger. 

Ermine. 

Jerboa. 

Orang  Outaeig. 

Otter. 

Walms. 

Fawn. 

Kangaroo. 

Ounce. 

Weasel. 

Ferret. 

Kid. 

Ox, 

Whale. 

Fo.x. 

Wolf.    . 

Lama.    )• 
Lhima.  \ 

Panther. 

Wolverine 

Gazelle. 

Peccary. 

Woodchuck. 

Genet. 

Leopard 

Porcupine. 

Giraffe. 

Lion. 

Zebra. 

Glutton. 

Lynx. 

Babbit. 

Zebu. 

Gnu. 

Eaccoon. 

Goat. 

Marmot. 

Eeindcer, 

Suggestive  Questions.  —  Which  of  the  above  are  amphibi- 
ous ? — domestic  ? — wild  ? — gregarious  ? — ferocious  ? — noxious  ? — in- 
noxious '{ — carnivorous  ?  —  graminivorous  ? — omnivorous  ? — preda- 
tory?—  ruminating?  Name  the  countries  in  which  each  la 
found.  Which  are  valuable  for  their  flesh  ? — which  for  their  fur? 
— which  for  their  skins  ? — which  for  their  ivory  ?— which  are  serv- 
iceable to  man  ?    For  what  is  the  camel  peculiarly  fitted  ?  etc. 


NAMES    OF    BIRDS. 


Albatross. 
Auk. 

Blackbird. 

Bluebird. 

Blue  Jay. 

Bobo'link. 

Bullfinch. 

Butcher-bird. 

Bustard. 

Buzzard. 

Canary. 
Cassowary, 
Cat-bird. 
Chuck-wills- 
widow. 


Chaffinch. 

Cormorant, 

Condor, 

Crane. 

Crow. 

Cuckoo. 

Curlew. 

Dodo. 
Duck. 

Eagle. 

Falcon. 

Flamingo. 

Fieldfare 


Goldfinch. 
Goose. 
Grouse. 
Gull, 

Hawk, 
Heron. 
Humming- 
Jay. 
Jackdaw. 

Kite. 

Kingfisher. 

Kingbird, 

Lark, 


Linnet. 

Lapwing. 

Loon. 

Magpie. 

Parrot, 
bird.  Partridge. 
Peacock, 
Pelican. 
Penguin. 
Petrel. 
Pheasant. 
Pigeon, 
Plover. 

Quail. 


NAMES    OF   TREES. 


61 


Nightingale. 

Eavcn. 

Spoonbill. 

Vulture. 

Eobin. 

Stork. 

Oriole. 

Kook. 

Swan. 

Wagtail. 

Ostrich. 

Swallow. 

Whip-poor-will. 

Owl. 

Sandpiper. 

Woodpecker. 

Snipe. 

Thrush. 

Woodcock. 

Eail. 

Sparrow. 

Turkey. 

Wren. 

SuaoESTiVE  Questions. — Which  of  the  above  are  songsters  ? — 
— rapacious  ?  —  gallinaceous  ?  —  migratory  '{  —  predaceous  ? — web- 
footed  ?  Which  are  called  sea-birds  i  Which  are  esteeaied  as 
food  ?  What  one  is  particularly  prized  for  his  feathers  ?  What  is 
the  difference  between  a  bird  and  a  fish  ? — A  bird  and  a  quad- 
ruped i 

FISHES,   BIVALVES   AND    REPTILES. 


Alligator. 

Eel. 

Lobster. 

Eoach. 

Aiiciiovy. 

Flounder. 

Mackerel. 

Salmon.    - 

Bass. 

Elying-fish. 

Mullet. 

Sardine. 

Blueflsh. 

Frog. 

Scallop. 

Blackfish. 

Nautilus. 

Shad. 

Gudgeon. 

Skate. 

Carp. 

Oyster. 

Snake. 

Chameleon. 

Haddock. 

Sturgeon. 

Clam. 

Halibut. 

Perch. 

Sword-fish. 

Codfish. 

Herring. 

Pickerel. 

Toad. 

Crocodile. 

Pilot-fish 

Tortoise. 

Cuttle-fish, 

Lizard. 

Plaice. 

Trout. 

Suggestive  Questions. — What  is  the  diifcrence  between  a  fish 
and  a  reptile  ?  Which  of  the  above  belong  to  the  class  of  rep- 
tiles ?     Which  are  bivalves  i     Which  are  esteemed  for  food  J 


NAMES    OP    TREES. 


Acacia. 

Basswood. 

Ebony. 

Larch. 

Alder. 

Beech. 

Elm. 

Lime. 

Almond. 

Birch. 

Linden. 

Apple. 

Box-tree. 

Fir. 

Locust. 

Apricot. 

Button-tree. 

Arbor  Vitse. 

Button-wood. 

Hackmatack. 

Magnolia. 

Ash. 

Hemlock. 

Maiiogauy, 

Aspen. 

Catalpa. 

Hickory. 

Maple. 

Cedar. 

Holm. 

Mulberry. 

Balsam. 

Cherry. 

Horse-chestnut 

Banapa. 

Chestnut. 

'Oak. 

Banian. 

Cypress. 

Juniper. 

Olive. 

62 


FLOWERS,    ROOTS    AND    SHRUBS. 


Palm.  Pine.  Sandal-wood. 

Partridge -■wood.  rium.  Savin. 

Peach.  Pomegranate.  Spruce. 

Pear.  Poplar.  Sycamore. 


Walnut. 
Willow 


ScooESTiVE  Questions. — Which  of  the  above  are  vahied  (is  or 
namental  trees  ?  Which  are  fruit  trees  J  Which  produce  nuts  ?— 
Which  are  evergreen  i  Which  are  used  in  manufacturing  furni- 
ture ? — Which  are  valued  for  .ship-building  {  Which  are  used  lor 
house-building  i    Which  of  them  grow  in  this  state  i 


FLQ-miRS,    ROOTS    AND   SHRUBS. 


Amaranth. 

Amaryllis. 

Anemone. 

Arbutus. 

Asparagus. 

Aster. 

Azulia. 

Bachelor' 8-But- 

ton. 
Barberry. 
Bilberry. 
Bitter-sweet. 
Blue-bell. 
Box. 

Buektliorn. 
Burning-bush. 
Buttercup. 

Cactus. 

Camellia. 

Candy-tuft. 

Caraway. 

Carnation. 

Catalpa. 

Celandine. 

Cereus. 

Chamomile. 

Clematis. 

Cockscomb. 

Coreopsis. 

Columbine. 

Crocus. 

SiJoaESTivr.  Qiestions  — What  is  the  dilfcrcBcc  between  a  tree 
and  u  shrub  i  Wliich  of  the  precediuiT  are  siirubs?  Which  are 
annuals?     Which  are  biennials  i    Which  are  perennials  ?    Which 


Crown-imperial.  Hydrangea. 

PimpcmeL . 

Phlox. 

Daffodil. 

Iris. 

Pink. 

Daisy. 

Poppy. 

Dahlia. 

Jasmine. 
Jessamine. 

Portulaca. 

Dandelion. 

Primrose. 

Dielytra. 

Priuce's-fcatner. 

Lady's-slipper. 

Eglantine. 

Larkspur. 

Rhubarb. 

Everlasting. 

Lauret. 
Lavender. 

Eosc. 

Fennel, 

Lilac. 

Saffron. 

Eern. 

LUy. 

Sage. 

Flowering  Al- 

Sassafras. 

mond. 

Mignonette. 

Sensitive-plant. 

Flower-de-luce 

:.  Mistletoe. 

Snap-dragon. 

Forget-me-not. 

Monk's-hood. 

Snow -drop. 

Four-o'clock. 

Morning-glory. 

Sumach. 

Foxglove. 

Mourning-bride. Summer-savory. 

Foxtiiil. 

Mullen.    ( 
Mullein. 

Sunflower. 

Fraxinella, 

Sweet-brier. 

Fuchsia. 

Myrtle. 

Sweet-marjoram 
Syringa. 

Gentian. 

Narcissus, 

Sweet  William. 

Geranium. 

Nasturtium. 

Gilliflower. 

Thyme. 

Oleander. 

Trumpet-flower. 

Harebell. 

Orchis. 

Tulip. 

lleart's-ease. 

Heliotrope. 

Peony. 

Verbena. 

Hollyhock. 

Pansy, 

Violet. 

Honeysuckle. 

Passion-flower. 

Hyacinth. 

Petunia. 

Woodbine. 

AGRICULTURAL    TERMS. 


63 


are  bnlbotis?  Wliich  are  cereal?  Which  are  climbing?  "Which 
are  creeping?  Which  are  deciduons  ?  Which  are  evergreen? — 
Which  are  tibrous  ?  Which  are  indigenous?  Which  are  para- 
sitic i     Which  are  tubular  ?    Which  are  trailing  ? 


PRODUCTIONS   OF    THE    GARDEN   AND    FARM. 


Apples. 

Corn. 

Lettuce. 

Pumpkin. 

Apricots. 

Cranberry. 

Artichoke. 

Cucumber. 

Maize. 

Eadish, 

Asparagus. 

Currant. 

Melon. 

Easpberry, 

Mint. 

Ehubarb. 

Barley. 

Dill. 

Mustard. 

Eye. 

Beans, 

Beets. 

Egg-plant. 

Nasturtium. 

Saffron. 

Blackbeny, 

Endive. 

Sage. 

Buckwheat. 

Oats. 

Spmach. 

Fennel. 

Onions. 

Squash. 

Cabbage. 

Strawberry. 

Cauliflower. 

Garlic. 

Parsley. 

Sunnner-savory 

Caraway. 

Gherkin. 

Pursnip, 

Sweet-maijo- 

Carrot. 

Gooseberry. 

Peach. 

ram. 

Celer>-. 

Gourd. 

Pear. 

Chervil. 

Peas. 

Thyme. 

Citron. 

Hedge. 

Pepper. 

Tomato. 

Clover. 

Herd's-grasa. 

Pie-plant. 

Turnip. 

Coriander. 

Plums. 

Leeks. 

Potatoes. 

Wheat. 

Suggestive  Questions. — Which  of  the  above  are  appropriala 
for  garden  culture  ?  Which  are  annuals  ?  Which  are  valuable  as 
table  vegetables  ?  Which  are  fruits  ?  Describe  the  bean,  and  the 
methods,  of  culture.  For  what  are  cranberries  valued  and  how  do 
they  grow  ?  Is  there  any  ditference  between  corii  and  maize  ? 
Name  particulars  in  which  a  pear  and  a  potato  differ — both  in 
mode  of  culture  and  use,  etc. 


TARIOUS    TERMS    PERTAINING   TO   AGRICULTURE   AND  AQRICX7LTU* 
RAL    lUPLElIENTS. 


Arabic. 

Chain. 

Drain. 

Grindstone. 

Axe. 

Cheese-press. 

Drill. 

Churn. 

Hatchet. 

Barren. 

Cradle. 

FalloTT. 

Harrow. 

Bam. 

Cultivator. 

Field. 

Harvest. 

Bay. 

Flail. 

Hay-mow. 

Ditch. 

Furrow. 

Hay-rick. 

Cart. 

Dove-cot. 

Hoe. 

64 


FURNITURE. 


Mattock. 
Munger. 
Marsh. 
Meadow. 
Mower. 
Mowing-ma- 
cliiiie. 

Pasturage. 
Pick-axe. 


Pitchfork. 

Plow. 

Pruniiig-hook. 

Pake. 

Keaper. 

Poller. 

Saw. 
Scraper. 


Scythe. 

Seed-sower. 

Shears. 

Sheaf. 

Sickle. 

Shovel. 

Spade. 

Stable. 

Sty. 

Subsoil. 


Swamp. 

Tenant 

Threshing-ma- 
chine. 
Tillage. 
Trowel. 

Wheelbarrow 

Yoke. 


Suggestive  Questions. — What  is  meant  by  arable  ?  Name  the 
principal  parts  of  a  barn.  Name  the  principal  parts  of  a  cart. 
Of  what  is  a  harrow  made  and  what  is  its  use  i  Name  the  parta 
of  a  plow.  What  the  difference  between  a  common  plow  and 
subsoil  plow?  What  meant  by  mould-board?  What  by  plow- 
share S     What  the  difference  between  tenant  and  owner  ? 


FURNITURE    AND   ARTICLES   OF   HOUSEHOLD   USK 


Basket. 

Basin. 

Barrel. 

Bedstead. 

Bell. 

Bird-cage 

Blanket. 

Boiler. 

Bolster. 

Book-case. 

Boot-jack. 

Bowl. 

Box. 

Bread-toaster. 

Broom. 

Brush. 

Butter-dish. 

Butter-knife. 

Bureau. 

Candelabrum. 

Candle-slick. 

Catstor. 

Carpet. 

Chair. 

Clock. 

Coftce-urn. 

Corn-popper. 

Couch. 

Counter-pane. 

Coverlet. 


Cricket. 

Crum-brush. 

Crum-cloth. 

Cup. 

Curtain. 

Cushion. 

Dipper. 
Divan. 
Dust-pan. 
Duster. 

Easy-chair. 

Etagcre. 

Egg-beater. 

Finger-glass. 

Firkin. 

Flat-iron. 

Fire-board. 

Flower-staud. 

Fork. 

Fruit-dish. 

Furnace. 

Gas-fixtures. 

GobU^t. 

(;  rater. 

Griddle. 

Gridiron. 

Guitar. 


Hammer. 
Ilat-stand. 


Inkhorn 

Inkstand, 


Jar. 


\ 


Kettle. 
Knife. 
Kuifc-tray. 

Ladle. 

Lamp. 

Lamp-shade. 

Letter-receiver. 

Lounge. 

Mat. 

Match-safe. 

Mattress. 

Melcideon. 

Mirror. 

Mop. 

Moulding-board, 

Kapkin. 
lS'ai>kin-ring. 
Needle. 
Newspaper. 


Oil-cloth 
Ottoman. 

Pail. 

Pan. 

Piano. 

Pictures. 

Pillow. 

Pitcher. 

Plate. 

Platter. 

Porringer. 

Preserve-dish. 


Quilt. 

Eocking-chair. 

Kolling-pin. 
Eubbing- board, 
Kug. 

Sad-iron. 

Salver. 

Saucer. 

Scissors. 

Scwing-machin 

Sieve. 

Shik, 

Slicet. 

Shovel, 


ARITHMETIC GRAMMAR. 


65 


Skimmer. 

Stool. 

Thimble. 

Umbrella. 

Soap-dish. 

Stove. 

Tidy. 

Sofa. 

J 

Tongs. 

Vase. 

Spider 

Table-cloth. 

Towel-stand. 

Spool. 

Tassel. 

Trunk. 

"Washing-ma- 

Spoon. 

Tea-urn. 

Tumbler. 

chine. 

Stew-pan 

Thermometer. 

Tureen. 

"Work-box. 

Suggestive  Questions.— Which  of  the  above  are  made  chiefly 
of  wood? — of  iron? — of  silver? — of  steel?  Of  what  other  ma- 
lerials  are  some  made  ?  "Which  are  appropriate  for  kitchen  use  ? — ■ 
which  for  parlor  and  sitting-room?  —  which  for  chamber?  — 
which  for  table  use  ? 


ARITHMETIC. 


The  following  columns  contain  many  of  the 
terms  used  in  the  several  sciences  or  branches  in- 
dicated. Pupils  should  spell  and  define  them,  or 
incorporate  them  into  sentences  illustrating  their 
meaning. 


Account. 

Addition. 

Ad  valorem. 

Analysis. 

Alligation. 

Annuity. 

Area. 

Average. 

Avoirdupois. 

Balance. 

Bankruptcy. 

Brokerage. 

Cancel. 

Cancellation. 

Column. 

Commission. 

Complex. 


Compound. 

Computation. 

Contraction. 

Customs. 

Currency. 

Denominator. 

Discount. 

Division. 

Divisor. 

Dividend. 

Duodccim.ll. 

Duties. 

Equation. 
Equality. 
Equity. 
Exchange. 


Factor. 

Federal-money. 
Fellowship. 
Fractions. 

Geometrical. 

Integer. 
Invoice. 
Insurance. 
Involution. 

Mensuration. 

Minuend. 

Minus. 

Multiple. 

Multiplication. 

Multiplier. 

Ma  tiplicaud. 


Notation. 

Numeration. 

Numerator. 

Partnership. 

Percentage. 

Permutation. 

Plus. 

Progression. 

Proportion. 

Quotient. 

Ratio. 
Reduction. 

Superficies. 

Subtraction. 

Subtrahend. 


GRAJIJCAR. 


Ahsolutc. 
Ad.iective. 
Adverb 


AfR.K. 

Allegory. 

Ajrreement. 


6* 


Antithesis. 

Antecedent, 

Apostjrophe. 


Article. 

Aspirat-c. 

Auxiliary. 


ee 


GEOGRAPHY PHILOSOPHY. 


Capitals. 
Case. 

Classification. 

Collective. 

Comma. 

Colon. 

Comparative. 

Conjugation. 

Conjunction. 

Consonant. 

Couplet. 

Dash. 

Declension 

Defective. 

Derivative. 

Derivation. 

Diphthong. 

Disjunctive. 

Dissyllable. 

Elementary. 
Elocution. 
Emphasis. 
Etymology. 


Exclamation. 

Feminine. 

Gender. 
Government. 

Imperative. 

Independent. 

Indicative. 

Interjection. 

Infinitive. 

InteiTOgation. 

Intransitive. 

Irony. 

Irregular. 

Letters. 

Masculine. 

Metaphor. 

^Ictononiy. 

Modification. 

Monosyllable. 

Mood." 


Neuter. 

Kominative. 

Noun. 

Numeral. 

Number. 

Objective. 
Orthography. 

Parsing. 

Participle. 

Participial, 

Period. 

Polysyllable. 

Potential. 

Positive. 

Possessive. 

Prefix. 

Preposition. 

Primary. 

Primitive. 

Pronunciation. 

Prosody. 

Pronoun. 

Punctuation. 


Quantity. 

Redundant. 

Rhetoric. 

Rhyme. 

Scanning, 

Senten  'e. 

Semicolon. 

Speech. 

Stanza. 

Subiunctive. 

Suffix. 

Superlative. 

Syllable. 

Syllabiticatioa. 

Syntax. 

Synopsis. 

Transposition, 

Triphthong. 

Trissyllablo. 

Verb. 


GEOGEAPHT. 


Acclivity. 

Arctic. 

Antarctic. 

Antipodes. 

Area. 

Atmosphere. 

Axis. 

Bay. 
Boundary. 

Canal. 

Cape. 

Channel. 

Ciicumference. 

Commerce. 

Compass. 


Continent. 

Declivity. 

Desert. 

Diameter. 

Equator. 

Equinoctial. 

Estuary. 

Frigid. 
Frith. 

Gulf. 

Harbor. 

Hemisphere. 

Horizon. 


Island. 
Isthmus. 
Latitude. 
Longitude. 

Meridian. 
Mountain. 

Nadir. 

Ocean. 

Parallel. 

Peninsula. 

Platean. 

l*lain. 

Prairie. 


Productions. 
Promontory. 

River. 

Sound. 

Territory. 

Torrid. 

Tropic. 

Valley. 
Volcano 

Zenith, 
Zones. 


pniLOSOPnY. 


Accelerate. 
Aobromatic. 


Acoustics. 
Aberration. 


Absorption. 
Adhedibn. 


Air-pjimp. 

Al«mbic 


BOTANY. 

67 

Aphelion. 

Congelation. 

Hydrostatic. 

Opaque. 

Apparatus. 

Crystallization. 

Hygrometry. 

Optician. 

Apogee. 

Cylinder. 

Hypothesis. 

Optical. 

Areometer. 

Atmospliere. 

Density. 

Imbibition. 

Parachute. 

Attraction. 

Distillation. 

Impenetra- 

Pendulum. 

Divisibility. 

bility. 

Phantasmago- 

Balloon. 

Decomposition. 

,  Indestructi- 

ria. 

Barometer. 

DuctiUty. 

bility. 

Photography. 

Battery. 

Induction. 

Pneumatics. 

Bellows. 

Ebullition. 

Inertia. 

Porosity. 

Elasticity. 

Intensity. 

Pressure. 

Caloric. 

Electricity. 

Prism. 

Camera-ob- 

Evaporation. 

Kaleidoscope. 

Properties. 

scnrat 

Equilibrium. 

Pyrometer. 

Capillary. 

Expansion. 

Lactometer. 

Centrifugal. 

Experiment. 

Latent. 

Eefractioa. 

Centripetal. 

Lateral. 

Reflection. 

Chromatic. 

Fusion. 

Leyden  Jar. 

Resistance. 

Cohesion. 

Fusibility. 

Lever. 

Resultant. 

Compressi- 

bility. 

Gravitation. 

Machine. 

Specific. 

Compass. 
Conductibility. 

Galvanic. 

Malleability. 

Siphon. 

Magnetic. 

Conductor. 

Hardness. 

Mechanics. 

Telescope. 

Concave. 

Hydraulics. 

Microscope. 

Tenacity. 

Convex. 

Hydrogen. 

Mirage. 

Thermometer. 

Condenser. 

Hydrometer 

BOTANY. 

Aculeate. 

Connate. 

Exogenous. 

Labiate. 

Acuminate. 

Convolute. 

Lanceolate. 

Adnata. 

Cordate. 

Farinaceous. 

Lateral. 

Annual. 

Corolla. 

Fibrous. 

Leaflet. 

Apetalous. 

Crenate. 

Filiform. 

Aquatic. 
Arborescent. 

Cruciform. 

Floral. 

Monopetaloua. 

Cuncate. 

Fugacious. 

Axillary. 

Cuspidate. 

Orbicular, 

Germ. 

Ovate. 

Baccate. 

Deciduous. 

Glandular. 

Bark. 

Dentate. 

Glaucous. 

Palmate. 

Biennial. 

Denticulate. 

Globose. 

Peduncle. 

Branches. 

Glomerate. 

Perennial. 

Bulbous. 

Digitate. 

Perfoliate. 

Herbaceous 

Pericarp. 

Caducous. 

Elliptical. 
Embryo. 

Hirsute. 

Petal. 

Capsule. 

Hybrid. 

Primate. 

Cereal. 

Endogen. 

Pistil. 

Ciliate. 

Epidermis. 

Indisenous. 

Pistillate. 

Climbing. 

Evergreen. 

Involute. 

Pollen. 

68 


PHILOSOPHY FORM    OB    SHAPE. 


Radical. 

Scion. 

Staminate. 

Tendrils, 

Eootlet. 

Serrate. 

Stellate. 

Ternate. 

Eotate. 

Setaceous. 

Succulent. 

Truncate. 

Sinuate. 

Tuberous. 

Sagittate. 

Stamen. 

Tap-root. 

Unduiate. 

PHTSIOLOOT. 

Anatomy. 

Cutaneous. 

Invertebi'ate. 

Pleurisy. 

Aorta. 

Artery- 
Auricle. 

Deglutition. 

Kidneys. 

Eespiration. 

Dentition. 

Eetina. 

Dermis. 

Larynx. 

Bile. 

Digestion. 

Ligaments. 

Saliva. 

Blood. 

Liver. 

Secretion. 

Brain. 

Enamel. 

Lungs. 

Skeleton. 

BroncHtis. 

Epidermis. 

Mastication. 

Spinal. 

Esophagus. 

Membraneous. 

Spleen. 

Cartilage. 

Stomach. 

Cartilaginous. 

Gastric. 

Nerves. 

Cerebellum. 

Gizzard. 

Nostril. 

Tendons. 

Chyle. 

Heart. 

Trachea. 

Cornea. 

Hepatic. 

Pericardium. 

Tympanum, 

Cranium. 

Homogenous. 

Perspiration. 

Pleura. 

Veins. 

FORM  OR  SHAPE — TO  BE   SPELLED  AND  DEFINED. 


Acute. 

Ellipse. 

Oval. 

Sector, 

Angular. 

Elliptical. 

Segment. 

Arc. 

Equilateral. 

Parallel. 

Semicircle, 

Parallelogram, 

Sphere. 

Circle. 

Hemisphere. 

Pentagon. 

Splierical. 

Circular. 

Heptagon. 

Perpendicnlar. 

Spheroid, 

Circumference. 

Hexagon. 

Prisui. 

Sjural. 

Cone. 

Horizontal. 

Pyramid. 

Square. 

Crescent 

Cube. 

Isosceles. 

Quadrant. 

Trapezium. 

Cubical. 

Triangle. 

Curved. 

Oblique. 

Eadins. 

Triangular, 

Cylinder 

Obtuse. 

Ehomb, 

Octagon. 

Khombcid. 

BOOKS WEARIN'G    APPAKEL. 


6d 


BOOKS,    AND   TKEIR  MAXUFACTURE. 


The  following  refer  to  books,  &c. 


Folio 

Introduction. 

Paper. 

Author, 

Quarto  or  410. 

Duodecimo  or 

24mo. 

Binder. 

12mo. 

Bookseller. 

Octavo  or  8vo. 

S2mo. 

16mo. 

Kulea. 

Cover 

Preface. 

Marbling. 

Printer. 

Stereotype. 

Electrotype. 

Margin. 

Publisher. 

Type. 

The  principal  varieties  of  type  are  the  follow- 
ing,— though  there  are  different  styles  of  each  : — ■ 


Small  Pica. 
Pica. 


Diamond. 

Ag.'ite. 

Minion. 
Brevier. 

Nonpareil. 
Miniunetle, 

Bourgeois. 
Lono;  Primer. 

Suggestive  Questions.— What  is  a  folio  ? — quarto  ?=-octavo  ? 
Arc  all  octavo  books  of  the  same  size  ; — What  determines  tlic 
hize  ?  What  is  meant  by  preface? — margin?  Of  what  is  paper 
made?  What  is  meant  by  stereotype? — electrotype?  Can  you 
give  a  description  of  the  process  of  stereotyping  or  electrotyping  ? 


■WEARIXQ   APPAREL. 


Apron. 

Frock. 

Mitten. 

Spencer. 

Muff. 

Stock. 

Bonnet. 

Gaiter. 

Muffler, 

Stockings, 

Boot. 

Glove. 

Surtout, 

Blouse. 

Gown. 

Overcoat. 

Tippet, 

Cap. 

Handkerchief. 

Pantaloons. 

Tunic. 

Cloak. 

Hat. 

Coat. 

Head-dress. 

Eibbon. 

Vest. 

Collar, 

Hood. 

Visite. 

Cor.set. 

Hose. 

Scarf. 

Victorine. 

Cravat. 

Slippers. 

Jacket. 

Shawl. 

Waistcoat, 

Drawers. 

Shoes. 

Wristlet. 

Pr'.'st^ing 

-gown.  Mantilla. 

Skirt. 

70 


MISCSLLANE0U9    ARTICLES — -ARCHITECTURB. 


MISCELLANEOUS  ARTICLES. 


The  following  list  contains  articles  -usually  sold 
in  a  country  variety  store, — including  groceries 
and  dry  goods. 


Alum. 

Combs. 

Lace. 

Eaisins. 

Allspice. 
Alpacca. 

Comforters. 

Lawns. 

Reticules. 

Cord, 

Lemons. 

Hibbons. 

Corn. 

Linen. 

Barege. 

Cotton, 

Sage. 

Batting. 

Crape. 

Mace. 

Sago. 

Beans. 

Crash. 

Matting. 

Saieratus, 

Beaver-clotli. 

Cravats. 

Meal.      ■ 

Salt. 

Blankets. 

Crochet-hooks. 

Merino. 

Satin. 

Bockinsr. 

Crockery-V/are. 

Mittens. 

Satinet. 

Eroadeioth. 

Molasses. 

Sarcenet. 

Brooms. 

Drilling. 

Mousseline-de- 

Scissors. 

Brushes. 

Druf,'get. 

laine. 

Sewing  silk. 

Buekram. 

Muslin. 

Shawls. 

Butter. 

Earthern  ware. 

Mustard. 

Sheeting. 

Buttons. 

i^SgS; 

Silesia. 

Elastics. 

Needles. 

Silks. 

Calieo. 

Nutmegs. 

Sirup. 

Cambric. 

Fijjs. 

So.np. 

Canvas. 

Flannel. 

Oil. 

Starch. 

Carpets. 

Flour. 

Oil-cloth. 

Stockings. 

Cassia. 

Onions. 

Cassimere. 

Gauze. 

Oi-anges. 

Tape. 

Cheese. 

Gimp. 

Tassels. 

Chocolate. 

Ginger. 

Parasols. 

Teas. 

Cinnamon. 

Gingluun. 

Pearlash. 

Thimhles. 

Citron. 

Gloves. 

Pepper. 

Thread. 

Cloaks. 

Pins. 

Thyme. 

Cloves. 

Handkerchiefs. 

Pork. 

Twist. 

Cocoa. 

Hooks  and  eyes 

.  Porte  monnaies 

.  Turnips. 

Codflsh. 

Hosiery. 

Potash. 

Cort'ee. 

Potatoes. 

Collars. 

Jaconet. 

ARCHITECTURE. 

The  five  ancient  orders  of  architecture  are  the 
Composiie^  Cofiiil/tiim,  Doric,  Jonic,  and  Tuacan. 

The  following  list  embraces  most  of  the  terms 
applicable  t»  vai-ious  edifices,  and  also  terms  used 


AnCllITECTURE. 


71 


in  architecture  and  carpentry.  They  should  be 
spelled  and  defined.  Their  incorporation  into 
sentences  as  indicated  below*  will  prove  a  profita- 
ble exercise. 


Abutment. 

Alcove. 

Apron. 

Arcade. 

Ai'ch. 

Architrave; 

Arris. 

AshlerLng. 

Attic. 

AUger, 

Balcony. 

Balustrade. 

Base. 

Basement. 

Bedroom, 

Belfry. 

Belvedere. 

Bevel. 

Brace. 

Bracket. 

Buttress. 

Caraber. 

Oaissorl. 

Ceiliiig. 

Cellar. 

Chamber. 

Chamfer, 

Chimney, 

Chisel, 

Clamp, 

Collar-beam. 

Colonnade. 

Column. 

Compasses. 

Contour, 

Cornice. 

Corridor. 


Cfamp. 

Crypt. 

Cupboard. 

Cupola. 

Curb-roof. 

Cut'-roof. 

Derrick. 

Dic.^ 

Dinmj^-rooni. 

Dome. 

Door. 

Dove-tall. 

Dowel. 

Di'agoii-bcam. 

Eaves. 

Entablature, 

Facade. 

Flank. 
Foreplane. 
Foundation. 
Furring. 

Gable. 

Gallery 

Gambrel, 

Gargoyle. 

Garret. 

Gauge, 

Gimlet, 

Girder. 

Girt. 

Gouge. 

Groove. 

Hall. 
Hip-rafter. 


flip-roof. 

Plumb-rule. 

Postern. 

Jack-plane, 

Protractor, 

Jamb. 

Puncheon, 

.Jointer. 

Purlin. 

«roistB. 

Pyramid, 

Key-stone. 

Queen-post. 

King-post. 
Kitciien. 

Eafter, 

Kecess. 

Level. 

Eidije-pole, 

Library, 

Eoof. 

Lintel. 

Booting, 

Eotunda, 

Mantel, 

Mallet. 

Sash. 

Mop-board. 

Scaffolding. 

Mortise. 

Scale. 

Mouldings, 

Scarfing, 

Scribing. 

Nave. 

Shaft. 

Niche. 

Shore. 

Sill. 

Panel. 

Site. 

Pantry. 
Partition. 

Sleepers. 
Slidmg-rule, ' 

Pedestal. 

Span. 

Pediment, 

Span-roof. 

Piazza. 

Spire. 

Pier. 

Square. 

Pilaster. 

Stanchion. 

Pillar. 

Staircase. 

Pinnacle. 

Steeple. 

Pitch. 

Stucco. 

Plate. 

Studs. 

Platform, 

Superstnictura, 

Plinth, 
Plumb, 


Tenon, 


*  The  abutments  were  made  of  granite  and  were  very  substan- 
tial. John  walked  tlirough  the  arcade.  The  arch  was  of  brick 
and  Well  turned.  The  architrave,  fricse  and  cornice  form  the 
entablature  of  the  column. 


72 


MtLlfARY   TERMS. 


Towet. 

Tio-beam, 

TrammeU 


Truss. 
TiirrcU 


Vault. 
"Walls. 


Wicket. 
"Window. 


MtLtTART  TERMS. 

The  following  list  contains  many  of  tlie  term.i 
used  in  war  and  military  affairs.  They  should  be 
studied  with  reference  to  their  meaning,  pronun- 
ciation and  spelling.  Most  of  the  terms  can  be 
found  in  either  of  the  utiabridged  dictionaries. 


/^b'atis. 

Accoutrcmenta, 
(!ik-ko-tui^ 
ments.) 

Ac'tion. 

Ad'.jutancy. 

Ad'jutant.    (An 
officei'  whose 
duty  it  is  to 
aid  the  com- 
mandant or 
major  of  a 
regiment. ) 

Ad'jutant-Gen. 

Am  bulance. 

Ambuscade'  / 

Am'bush.       j 

Armament. 

Armistice. 

Armor. 

Armorer. 

Armory. 

Armstrong  gun, 
(An  English 
gun,  named 
after  its  in- 
ventor.) 

Army. 

Arriere,  (arret') 

Arrow. 

Artillcrj'. 

Assault . 

Banquette, 

(bangkef.) 
Bar'haoim. 
Baj-bctto. 


Earshot. 

Battal'ia, 

Battal'ion, 

Bat'tery. 

Baton.      ) 

Batoon'.  J 

Banners, 

Barracks. 

Bastion. 

Battle. 

Battle-axe. 

Battlement. 

Battering-ram, 

Bav'onct. 

Bcleag'uen 

Besiege. 

Bivouac,  (biv- 
wnk.) 

Blockade. 

Body-guard. 

Bombard. 

Bombard- 
ment, 

Bom.b,  (bum.)  ) 

Bombshell.        j 

Bomb-proof. 

Breastplate. 

Breastwork. 

Brevet'. 

Brigade, 

Brigade-Major. 

Brigadier. 

Brigadier-Gene- 
ral. 

Broadside. 

Breads  word. 


Cadet. 

Caisson,  (ca'- 
8on.  or  ca- 
Bon  .) 

Calibre  of  Cali- 
ber. 

Cal'trop  or  Cal'- 
throp. 

Campaign'. 

Canister-shot) 

Case-shot. 

Cannon. 

Cannonade. 

Cannoneer.  ) 

Cannonier.  f 

Cannon-proof. 

Canteen'. 

Can'tonraent. 

Capit'ulate. 

Caponniere, 
(Kaponcr.') 

Captain. 

Carbine. 

Car'acole. 

Carronade, 

Cartel'. 

Cartouch. 

Cartridge. 

Casemate. 

Cavalry. 

Chain-shot. 

Cbamade,  (sha- 
mado'.) 

Cluqilain. 

Chajilalncy. 

Charge. 

Charger. 


Chevaux-de» 
frieze,  (sheV" 
o-de-tree«.) 

Citadel. 

Chev'ron. 

Colonel,  (kur'- 

■    nek) 

Columbiad  or 
Pai.xhan,  (pay- 
zan.)    A  large 
gun  principalTy 
for  tiring  sneLs 

Com'missary,  | 

Commissa'-     > 
riat.  ) 

Commission. 

Company. 

Conscription. 

Contraband. 

Convoy. 

Cornet. 

Corporal. 

Cori^s,  (core.) 

Coriis-dc-garde» 

Cortege,  (kor'» 
tazli.) 

Countermand. 

Countermarch, 

Counter-scarp. 

Counter-sign. 

Court=-martial. 

Cuirass,  (kwe- 
ras'.) 

Cuirassier 
(kwe-ras- 
seer'.) 

Dagger. 


MILITARY    TER\  S. 


73 


Dahlgren,  (A     Fluuk. 

cannon  for       Fleet. 

throwing  Flotilla. 

shells, — nam-  Foil. 

eel  after  the  in-  Forage. 

ventor — John  Foraging.. 

A.  Dahlgren,  Forced  march. 

of  the  U.  S.    Fort. 

navy. )  Fortification. 

Debouch,  (de-    Fortress. 

boosh'.)  Furlough,  (fur'- 

Defile.  lo.) 

Deserter.  Fusileer. 

Dirk. 

Disbandment.     Garrison. 
Discharge.  Gauntlet. 

Discipline.  General. 

Division.  Greaves. 

Double.  Grenade. 

Double  quick      Guard. 

step.  Guard-mount- 

Drafting.  ing. 

Dragoon'.  Guide. 

Dress  Parade.      Guli-boat. 
Drill. 

Halberd. 
Embrasure.  Halt. 

Emissary.  Haversack. 

Encampment.      Havelock. 
Enfield  Kifle,  (A  Helmet. 

famous  rifie      Home  guard. 

m  a  n  u  fac  t  u  re  d  Host  ag  e . 

at  Enfield,        Hostilities. 

England.)         Howitzer. 
Enfilade. 

Engineer.  Infantry. 

Enlistment.         Insubordina- 
Ensigu.  tion. 

Ep'aulet.  Insurrection. 

Escort.  Investment. 

Escutcheon.        In  position. 
Evolution.  Inspection. 

Exemption.  Intreuchment. 

Feigned  march.  Javelin. 

Field  marshal. 

Field-piece.  Knapsack. 

File. 

Flag.  Lance. 

Flag  officer.  Lancer. 

Flag  of  truce.  Lieutenant. 

Flag-stalf.  Lieut.-General. 


Lieutenant-         Picket. 

Colonel.  Pike. 

Limbers.  Pillage. 

Pistol. 
Mace.  Phttoon. 

Madrier,  (ma-     Portcullis. 

drer.')  Pontoon. 

Magazine.  Powder. 

Main  body.  Projectile. 

Major.  Promotion. 

■  Major-General. 
Manoeuvre  or      Quartermaster. 

manoeuver.      Quarters. 

(ma-nu'-ver.)  Quickstep. 
March  abreast,     -r,  ^ 

March  in  tile.      Rampart. 
Marine.  §^'^'7^- 

Martello.  :Ravehn. 

Musket  battery.  Eeur-guard. 
AT „  .„  •'    Eeconnoisanie. 

Militia.  Kccruitmg. 

Militarv.  i^^t'";  , 

Minie,'(Arifle     ^•^loubt 

ball  invented  lj«g""cnt. 

by  a  Frencii-   ^^^S]^^^''^- 

nvan  whose       l--K';P"it''l«-  ^ 

name  it  bears.  )^'^'"'"''^^^i^e'^*- 
Moat.  ^Kepulse. 

Mortar.  Kescrve. 

Munitions.  ivetieax. 

Mutineer.  Keveille,  (reval 

Mutiny.  or  reval  ya.) 

Musket.  Revolver. 

i\r„  ■;»  Keview. 

Mu're'rin.  Kicoehet,  (nco- 

sha.  ) 

^  Pvified. 

Ordnance.  Eoll. 

Outpost.  Roll-call. 

•r,   T       J  Kout. 

Pausade. 

I'arade.  Sabre. 

Parapet.  Sack. 

Parley.  Sappers  and 
Parol.    )  Miners. 

Parole.  )  Scabbard. 

Patrol.  Scale. 

Pass.  Scaling-laddw 

Passport.  Scimitar    | 

Password.  Cimetei.  ) 
Percussion-capi.  Scout. 

Petard.  Sertinoi. 


u 


POLITICAL    TERMS. 


Sentry. 

Squadron. 

Surgeon. 

Trench. 

Sentry-box. 

Standard- 

Surgeon's  call. 

Troop. 

Sergeant. 

bearer. 

Surrender. 

Truce. 

Sharp-shooter. 
Shield. 

Statr 

Swivel. 

S':orm. 

Sword. 

Uniforai. 

Skirmish. 

Strategic. 

Van. 

Siege. 
Spear. 

Stratagem. 
Stronghold. 

Taps. 
Tattoo. 

Vanguard. 

Volunteer. 

Spike. 

Subaltern. 

Tent. 

Spy. 

Subordinate. 

Tomahawk. 

Watchword. 

Squad. 

Sutler. 

Transport. 

Wing 

POLITICAL   TERMS. 


The  following  list  contains  many  of  the  terms 
■used  in  relation  to  government  and  governmental 
affairs.  They  should  be  pronounced,  spelled,  and 
defined  by  the  pupils. 


Adjournment. 
Altinuatiou. 
Alien 
Allegiance. 
Ambassador, 
Amendment. 
Appeal 
Appointment. 
Appraisers. 
Aristocracy. 
Armory. 
Arsenal. 
As.sembly. 
Assignor. 
Attainder 
Attorney  Gene- 
ral. 
Auditor. 

Ballot. 

Ballot-box. 

Bill 

Blockade. 

Bribery. 

Bureau. 

Cabinet. 

Capitation. 

Census. 


Charge  d'  Af. 
fairs.  (Shar- 
zha-datfar'.) 

Chaplain. 

Charter. 

Chief  Justice. 

Citizenship. 

Civil  Officers. 

Coin. 

Coinage. 

Collector, 

Colonies. 

Commander-Ln- 
Chief 

Commerce. 

Commissioner 
of  Indian  Af- 
fairs. 

Commissioner 
of  Land  Of- 
fice. 

Commissioner 
of  Patents. 

Commissioner 
of  Pensions. 

Confederation. 

Congress. 

Consigne* 

Consignor. 


Consul. 
Constitution 
Corporation. 
Court, 

Supreme. 

District 

of  Claims. 

of  Equity. 

Debenture. 

Delegate. 

Democracy. 

Departments, 

E.xecutive. 

of  tlie  Inte- 
rior. 

of  the  Navy. 

of  the  Post 
OUicc. 

of  the  State. 

of  the  Treas 
urv. 

of  ^V'ar 
Desjiotism. 
Diplomacy. 
Di'uwback. 
Duties. 

Election 


Electoi-s. 
Electoral  Col- 
lege 
Embargo. 
Engrossment 
Enactment. 
Enlistment. 
Envoy. 
E.xaminers. 
Excise. 
E.xcciUive. 
Exports. 
Exportation. 

Faction. 

Erauking. 

Fugitives. 

Government. 
Grand  Jury. 

Habeas  corpus. 

Impeachment, 

Indictment. 

Imposts. 

Imports. 

Inspection. 

Insiioctora. 


WORDS. 

7i 

Inventions. 

Misdemeanor. 

Provost  Marshal  Speaker. 

Invoice 

Monarchy. 

Specification. 

Municipal. 

Quorum. 

Statute. 

J  iidlcial. 

SutiVage. 

Judiciary. 

Naturalization. 

Ratification. 

Surveyor. 

Judges 

Xavy. 

Keconsidera- 

Judgment. 

Neutrality. 

tion. 

Tariff. 

Jurisdiction 

Nomination. 

Reconstruction. 

Ta.xatlon. 

Jurors. 

Records. 

Direct. 

Oath 

Representative. 

Indirect. 

Land  Agent. 

Representation. 

Tender. 

Land  Office, 

Pardon. 

Reprieve. 

Tonnage. 

Laws. 

Party, 

Reprisal. 

Treason. 

Legislation. 

Passport. 

Republic. 

Treasury. 

Legislature. 

Patent. 

Revenue. 

Treaties. 

Letters  of 

Patentee. 

Revolution. 

Tribunal. 

Marqne. 

Pension. 

Letters  of  Ke- 

Petition. 

Search-war- 

Verdict. 

prisal. 

Politics. 

rant. 

Veto. 

Poll-tax. 

Secretary. 

Vice  Consul. 

Mails 

Port  of  Entry. 

Senate. 

Vice  President 

Jlajority. 

Postmaster. 

Senator. 

Voters. 

Message. 

Postmaster- 

Sergeant-at- 

Minority. 

General. 

arms. 

Warehouse. 

Military. 

Post  Office. 

Soldier. 

Warrant. 

Militia. 

Presentment. 

Solicitor. 

Mint. 

President. 

Sovereign. 

Yeas  and  nays. 

The  study  of  words  and  the  investigation  into 
their  origin  and  meaning  is  full  of  interest.  The 
following  examples  are  given  with  the  hope  of 
securing  more  attention  to  the  subject.  The  un- 
abridged dictionaries  of  Webster  or  Worcester 
and  the  works  of  Dr.  Trench,  on  the  study  of 
words,  will  be  found  very  valuable  for  this 
])urpose. 


After,  a  comparative  from  aft,  behind. 

Alderman,  was  originally  elderman. 

Aloft,  on  lo/t,  that'is,  lilted  up. 

Aloxe,  all  one  ;  entirely  by  one's  self. 

Almost,  most  all  ;  nearly. 

Also,  so  all  ;  likewise. 

Aloof,  all  of ;  They  Iceep  aloof,  th.it  i.s,  away  from  or  off. 


76  WORDS. 

Amass,  to  bring  to  the  mass^  or  heap  ;  to  accumulate. 

Ant,  an  abbreviation  of  emmet,  (em't.) 

Appall,  to  make  pale  with  fear  ;  to  terrify. 

Appease,  to  bring  to  peace  ;  to  pacify. 

Atone,  to  cause  to  be  at  one  ;  to  reconcile. 

Bacon,  Swine's  flesli  baked  [bahen)  or  dried  by  heat. 

Bandy,  to  beat  to  and  fro ;  from  bandy,  an  instrument  bent  at 
the  bottom,  for  ball  playing. 

Bayonet,  from  Bayo'iine,  a  town  in  France  where  the  article  waa 
first  made. 

Beneficent,  from  bene  facia,  (Latin,)  to  do  well.  A  benificent 
man  does  good. 

Benevolent,  from  bene  volo  (Latin,)  to  wish  well.  A  benevo- 
lent man  wisJtes  good. 

Bedlam,  a  corruption  of  the  word  Bethlehem,  the  name  of  a 
religious  edifice  in  London  which  was  opened  for  lunatics  in 
1545. 

Beetle,  from  the  verb  to  beat,  an  instrument  used  for  beat- 
ing. 

Bereave,  from  be  and  reave,  or  rive,  to  take  away  from. 

Bewildered,  puzzled  or  perplexed,  as  a  person  lost  in  a  wilder- 
ness, not  knowing  which  way  to  turn. 

Boa,  from  its  resemblance  to  the  boa.  constrictor. 

Boggle,  to  hesitate,  to  stick  as  one  in  a  boff. 

Band,  that  by  which  one  is  bound. 

Bout,  from  bow,  to  bend  ;  another  bout  means  another  turn. 

BuKLY',  originally  boorly,  that  is,  like  a  boor. 

Cambkic,  so  called  from  Cambray,  a  place  noted  for  its  manu- 
facture. 

Calico,  from  Calicut,  in  India. 

Candidate,  from  Candidus,  (Latin)  meaning  white.  In  Rome 
candidates  for  office,  or  office  seekers,  were  required  to  wear  a 
white  gown  or  robe. 

Candlestick,  originally  a  stich  for  holding  a  candle. 

Chilblain,  from  chill  and  blain.  A  chilblain  is  a  blister  or 
Main  caused  by  cold. 

Closet,  a  small  or  close  apartment. 

Clumsy,  from  clump  {clumpsy  ; )  shapeless,  awkward. 

Comely,  coming  together  ;  fitting,  suitable. 

Coop,  formerly  a  cask  or  barrel ;  hence  a  cooper  was  one  who 
made  coops  or  casks. 

Countenance,  the  contents  of  the  face ;  the  whole  features  taken 
together. 

Crumple,  from  cramp,  a  contraction  or  drawing  together, 

Ckipple,  from  creep. 

Cud  and  Quid,  what  has  been  already  chewed. 

Damask  and  Damson,  from  Laviascus. 

Doff,  to  do  or  put  off. 

Dbatving-koom,  a  room  for  withdrawing  or  rctirirg  after  din- 
ner, <«^c. 

Di»/WL,  U  draw  out  one's  words  slowly. 

D«oor,  to  drop  or  liaug  the  head  ;  to  languish. 


Ell,  properly  means  au  arm  /  elbow^  the  bow  or  bend  of  the 
arm.  The  Ell  English  was  lixed  by  the  length  of  the  king'a 
(ilenry  I.)  arm,  in  llol. 

EiiBAKK,  to  go  into  a  barh  or  ship. 

Enlist,  to  enter  on  a  list  or  roll. 

Endeavor,  to  do  one's  devoir,  or  duty. 

Fakthing,  from  fourthing,  a  division  into  four  parts. 

Festoon,  originally  a  garland  worn  at  a  feast. 

Fetlock,  tiouifoot  and  lock  ;  which  means  either  the  joint  that 
locks  or  fastens  the  foot  to  the  leg,  or  the  lock  of  hair  that  grows 
behind  the  pastern  of  a  horse. 

Fokestall,  to  purchase  provisions  hefore  they  reach  the  stall ;  to 
anticipate,  or  hinder  by  preoccupation  or  prevention. 

Fortnight,  a  contraction  of  fourteen  and  night. 

Fulsome,  from  foul  and  some. 

Furlong,  originally  afurrow  long. 

Gad-fly,  from  goad  andfl//.  A  lly  whose  bite  is  so  severe  as  to 
goad  to  madness,  almost,  the  animal  bitten. 

Gang,  a  number  of  persons  going  {ganging)  together;  as,  a 
TptQS6-gang  ;    a  gatig  of  thieves. 

Gangway,  the  way  by  which  persons  go  or  gang. 

Gosling,  from  goose  and  ling ;  a  little  goose ;  the  termination 
ling  signifying  diminution  or  little. 

Grocer,  originally  applied  to  one  who  sold  by  the  gross  or 
wholesale.     Jolinson  says  it  should  be  grosser. 

Guinea,  a  coin  so  called  because  first  made  from  gold  brought 
from  G-uinea. 

Gunwale,  pronounced,  and  sometimes  spelled,  gunnel.  This 
word  is  from  gun  and  wale. 

Grotesque,  this  term  was  originally  applied  to  figures  found  in 
ancient  grottos  in  Italy. 

Haft,  is  a  corruption  of  Tiaved.  The  kaft  of  a  knife  is  that  part 
by  which  it  is  haved.,  that  is,  held. 

Hamxier-cloth,  the  cloth  under  a  coach  bo,x  where  the  driver 
kept  hammer,  nails,  etc.  Another  explanation  is  that  it  is  a  con- 
traction from  hamper  and  cloth,  from  the  fact  that  under  the  cloth 
of  the  coach  box  the  driver  usually  carried  a  liamjjer  for  market 
purposes. 

Harebrained,  wild,  unsettled.     "  As  mad  as  a  March  Tiare.^'' 

Harelip,  so  called  from  a  supposed  resemblance  to  the  lip  of 
hare. 

Heed,  from  head.    Give  heed  (head)  to  what  I  say. 

Holster,  originally  holder. 

Husband,  from  liouse  and  hand  ;  the  husband  being  the  stay  Oi 
support  of  the  family. 

"  The  name  of  a  husband,  what  is  it  to  say  1 

Of  wife  and  the  houselwld  Ihe  Oand  and  the  stay." — Tusner. 

liiAGLNE,  to  form  an  image  or  appearance  of  auythii:g  in  the 
mind. 

Indenture,  an  article  or  writing  so  called  because  the  counter 
^arts  were  indented  or  notched  so  as  to  coriespond. 

7« 


78  WORDS. 

Ink-horn,  formerly  made  of  h  ^m ;  so,  powder-^o;vi,  drinking- 
Itoyn^  &c. 

Jest,  a  contraction  of  gesture.  A  jest  was  originally  a  gesture 
to  excite  mirth. 

Jovial,  born  under  the  influence  of  the  planet  Jupiter  or  Jove 

KiNE,  a  contraction  of  cotven,  ancient  plural  of  cow. 

Landscape,  from  land  and  shape  /  the  shaj)e  and  appearance  of 
the  land  in  a  pi  tare. 

Mayok,  the  chief  magistrate ;  from  major ^  meaning  greater  or 
chief. 

Maxim,  from  maximum^  (Latin)  the  greatest;  of  the  greatest 
importance. 

Meanuei'.,  from  the  Meander^  a  river  in  Phrygia,  noted  for  ita 
winding  course. 

Millinery,  the  goods  so  called  were  first  imported  into  Europe 
from  Milan. 

Mould-board,  a  part  of  a  |!)low  for  turning  the  mould  or  soil ; 
formerly  made  of  boards,  or  wood. 

Muslin,  .so  called  from  Moussul,  a  city  in  Turkey,  where  the 
article  was  first  made. 

Nail,  (a  measure,)  distance  from  the  second  joint  of  the  finger 
Xo  the  end  of  the  nail. 

Neighbor,  probably  from  nigJt  and  hoor. 

KosEGAY,  a  bunch  of  fiowers  for  •■juiell  and  gai/  appearance. 

Nostril,  from  nose  and  thrill  (^to  drill  or  pierce.;  In  early  edi- 
tions of  Spencer  it  was  printed  nosethrill,  and  earlier,  noseth'irle. 

Orrery,  a  piece  of  astronomical  apparatus  invented  by  Jiowley 
and  named  in  honor  of  his  patron  the  Earl  of  Orrery. 

Parboil,  (part  boil,)  half  boil. 

Quagmire,  from  quake  and  mire. 

Kally,  to  re-ally  or  rc-unite  broken  pieces. 

Saucer,  originally  a  dish  for  holding  sauce. 

Sui'PER,  a  .simple  meal  of  soiqj. 

Tadpole,  from  toad-pole  ;  a  young  toad. 

TwiLiGUT,  (between  light,)  the  waning  light  between  day  and 
darkness. 

Usher,  strictly  one  who  stands  at  the  door  for  the  purpose  of 
introducing  strangers.  An  vsher  or  under  teacher  is  one  wlio  in- 
troduces or  initiates  young  children  in  the  rudiments  of  learning. 

Waddle,  from  ivaae  ;  to  waddle  is  to  walk  as  one  wading. 

"VVaver,  from  tcave.  "lie  that  wavereth  is  like  a  wave  of  tho 
sea."  <tc. 

Window,  (wind-door,)  a  door  to  let  in  the  wind  ;  windows  wero 
formerly  opened  like  doors. 

Woodbine,  (formerly  ivood-hind,  a  vine  wliich  winds  or  binds 
Rround  a  tree. 


HARDWARE. 


79 


HARDWARE. 


The  following  list  comprises  many  of  tlie  arti- 
cles sold  in  extensive  hardware  stores.  Of  some 
of  these  there  are  several  kinds  or  varieties. 


Axes. 

Buckets. 

Court  Plaster. 

India  Eubber 

Adzes, 

Bullet-moulds. 

Cross  Cut  Saws. 

Goods. 

Andirons. 

Butts. 

Crowbars. 

Inkstands. 

Anvils. 

Buttons. 

Curtain  Fix- 

Augers. 

tures. 

Japanese 
Ware. 

Awls. 

Calipers. 

Cutlery. 

Awl  Hafts. 

Candlesticks. 

Axle  Pulleys. 

Cards. 

Door  Springs. 

Kettles. 

Carpet- stretch- 

Door Trim- 

Knife Trays. 

Balances. 

ers. 

mings. 

Knives. 

Barn  door 

Carriage  Bolts. 

Knobs. 

hangers. 

Carriage  Jacks. 

Emery. 

Barn  door  roll- 

Cart Boxes. 

Escutcheons. 

Ladles. 

ers. 

Castors. 

Eyelet  Ma- 

Lamps. 

Baskets. 

Catches. 

chines. 

Lanterns. 

Bells. 

Chains. 

Lashes. 

Bell  Pulls. 

Chain  Halters. 

Fastenings. 

Latches. 

Bell  Trim- 

Chalk Lines. 

Faucets. 

Lead. 

mings. 

Chest  Handles. 

Files. 

Letter  Stamps. 

Bellows. 

Chisels. 

Fire  Doers. 

Levels. 

Bevels. 

Chisel  Handles. 

.  Fishing  Lines. 

Looks. 

Bits. 

Chopping 

Fishing  Hooks. 

,  Looking 

Bit-stocks. 

Knives. 

Flasks; 

Glasses. 

Blacking. 

Circidar  Saws. 

Forks. 

Black  Sand. 

Cloelts. 

Mallets. 

Blind  Fasten- 

Clothes Lines. 

Gate  Trim- 

Matches. 

ings. 

Clothes  Hooks. 

mings. 

Match  Safes. 

Bodkins. 

Coal  Hods. 

Gimlets. 

Measuring 

Boot  Jacks. 

Coal  Pokers. 

Glass. 

Tapes. 

Box  Chisels. 

Coal  Sieves. 

Glue. 

Min-ors. 

Bolts. 

Cottee  Mills. 

Graters. 

Money  Belts. 

Bottle  Castors. 

Cott'ee  Pots. 

Grindstones. 

Mortars  and 

Bo.xes. 

Coffin  Trim- 

Gouges. 

Pestles. 

Brackets. 

mings. 

Gauges. 

Mouse  Traps. 

Brads. 

Combs. 

Brass  Kettles. 

Compasses. 

Hammers. 

Nails. 

Bristol  Brick. 

Curry  Combs. 

Hinges. 

Needles. 

British  Lustre. 

Cordage. 

Hoes. 

Nippers. 

Britannia  Ware 

i.  Cork  Pressers. 

Hooks. 

Nuts. 

Brooms. 

Cork  Screws. 

Hooks  and 

Nut  Crackers. 

Brushes. 

Corn  Poppers. 

Eyes. 

Nut  Pick5. 

Baokles. 

Com;  ter  Scales 

80 


NOUNS    USED    ONLY    IN    THE    PLURAL. 


Oil  Stones. 
Oven  Doors. 

Padlocks. 

Pails. 

Pans. 

Pasteboards. 

Pencils. 

Penholders. 

Percussiou- 

Caps. 
Pins. 
Planes. 
Plane  Irons. 
Plumbs. 
Plow  Elts. 
Polishing  Irons, 
Porringers. 
Portuionnaies. 
Powder. 
Pumps. 
Pulleys. 
Punches. 


Kakes. 
Kasps. 
Kat  Traps. 
Kazors. 
Kazor  Straps. 
Kein  Snaps. 
Kings. 

Kotten  Stone. 
Pules. 

Safes. 

Sad  Irons. 

Sand  Boxes. 

Sand  Paper. 

Saws. 

Saw  Frames. 

Saw  Sets. 

Saw  Stretchers, 

Scales. 

Scissors. 

Scoops. 

Scrapers. 

Screws. 


Screw-dj'ivers. 

Scytlies. 

Shaves. 

Skates. 

Skate-straps. 

Scytlie  Kilies. 

Scythe  Snaths. 

Shears. 

Sickles. 

Sieves. 

Shovels. 

Skimmers. 

Slates. 

Soap. 

Spades. 

Spectacles. 

Spittoons. 

Spoons. 

Stair  Kods. 

Steelyards. 

Squares. 

Stake  Chains. 

Staples. 


Thermometers. 

Thimbles. 

Trays. 

Trowels. 

Tubing. 

Twine  Boxes. 

Vices. 

Wafers. 
'Waffle  Irons. 
Wagon  Boxes. 
Wash  Boards. 
Wash  Tubs. 
Whalebone. 
Wheelbarrows. 
Whips. 
Wires. 

Wrapping  paper 
Wrenches. 

Yard  Sticks. 

Zinc. 


Suggestive  Questions. — Of  what  are  axes  made  1  What  differ- 
ent kinds  are  there  *  For  what  purposes  are  axes  used?  Of  what 
are  ac/3(?«  made  and  for  what  nsedi  Of  what  are  bells  made  and 
what  ditl'erent  kinds  can  you  name?  What  is  meant  by  "Bell 
Trimmings?"  Of  what  are  bellows  made  and  for  what  used? 
Of  what  are  brushes  made  ?  What  are  some  of  the  ditlerent  kiuda 
and  for  what  is  each  \ised  (  etc. 


NOUNS  USKD   ONLY   IN   THE  PLURAL. 


Annals. 

Embers. 

Literati. 

Politics. 

Archives. 

Entrails. 

Lungs. 

Ashes. 

Exuviae.. 

Scissors. 

Assets. 

Manners. 

Shambles. 

Goods. 

Minutiaj. 

Shears. 

Billiards. 

Morals. 

Snuffers. 

Bitters. 

Hatches. 

Statistics. 

Bowels. 

Hose  (stock- 

Nippers. 

Thanks. 

Breeches. 

ings.^ 

Nones. 

Tidings. 
Tongs. 

Calends. 

Hysterics. 

Orgies. 

Clothes. 

Ides. 

Vespers. 

Pincers. 

Victuals. 

Dregs. 

Lees. 

Pleiads. 

Vitals. 

IRREGULAR    PLURALS. 


81 


IRREGULAR   PLURALS. 


The  following  words,  derived  from  foreign  lan- 
guages, form  their  plurals  in  accordance  with  tho 
language  from  which  they  are  taken. 

Latin  and  Greek  words  ending  in  is  form  their 
P'Ural  by  changing  is  into  es. 


Singular. 

Amanuensis, 

Antithesis, 

Analysis, 

Axis,' 

Basis, 

Crisis, 

Ellipsis, 


Plural. 
Amanuenses. 
Antitheses. 
Analyses. 
Axes. 
Buses. 
Crises. 
Ellipses. 


Singiila.r.  Plural. 

Emphasis,  Emphases. 

Hypothesis,  Hypotheses. 

Metamorphosis,  Metamorphoses, 
Oasis,  Oases. 

Parenthesis,        Parentheses. 


Phasis, 

Thesis, 


Phases. 
Theses. 


The  following  add  es,  or  change  x  to  ces  : 


Index, 


Apex,    j   i^SS. 
Appendix,  I   Appendices. 

Vertex 
Vortex,  Vortices. 


Calx,    \    l^i'^l^es. 
'    I    Calei^'* 


J   Indexes. 
'     I   Indices. 

Eadix,       Eadices. 

Vertexes 
Vertices. 


Nouns  in  us  generally  form  their  plurals  in  i. 


Alumnus, 

Focus, 

Fundus, 

Genius, 

Magus, 


Alumni. 

Foci. 

Fungi. 

Genii. 

Magi. 


Nucleus, 

Nuclei. 

Obelus, 

Oboli. 

Eadius, 

Eadii. 

Stimulus, 

Stimuli. 

Nouns  in  on  and  um  form  their  plurals  in  a. 


Addendum, 

Animalculum, 

Arcanum, 

A  itomaton. 

Criterion, 

Corrigendum, 

Datum, 

Desideratum, 

Effluvium, 

Encomium. 


Addenda. 

Animalcula. 

Arcana. 

Automata. 

Criteria. 

Corrigenda. 

Data. 

Desiderata. 

Effluvia. 

Encomia. 


Erratum, 

Ephemeron, 

Gymnasium, 

Medium, 

Memorandum, 

Momentum, 

Phenomenon, 

Scholium, 

Speculum, 

Stratum, 


Errata. 

Ephemera. 

Gymnasia. 

Media. 

Memoranda. 

Momenta. 

Phenomena. 

Scholia. 

Specula. 

Strata. 


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xMISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 


On  the  next  one  hundred  and  forty  pages  will  be 
'cand  about  two  thousand  words,  which  are  frequently 
Uiispronounced,  as  well  as  misspelled.  These  words 
are  alphabetically  arranged,  their  meaning  given,  and 
Ihe  pronunciation  indicated.  After  the  words,  under 
each  letter,  will  be  found  a  reading-lesson,  containing 
the  words  given  and  defined  on  the  preceding  pages. 
This  exercise  will  tend  to  give  a  clear  illustration  of 
the  use  or  meaning  of  the  several  words,  and  at  the 
same  time  establish  their  correct  pronunciation. 

Several  of  these  exercises  are  followed  by  brief  sen- 
tences, couplets,  or  stanzas,  designed  both  as  exercises 
in  enunciation  and  spelling.  It  will  be  well  to  require 
the  pupils,  occasionally,  to  read  these  in  concert.  It  is 
believed  that  the  careful  improvement  of  the  lessons 
which  follow  will  prove  profitable  and  satisfactory. 


DIRECTIONS  AFD  EXPLANATIONS 


ABBREVIATIONS. 
a.  stands  for  adjective. 


adv. 

« 

« 

adverb. 

exclam. 

« 

u 

exclamation. 

f' 

u 

u 

feminine. 

m. 

« 

It 

masculine. 

n. 

» 

" 

noun. 

pi. 
pp. 

ppr 
prep. 

« 

« 

« 

u 

plural. 

participle  passive,  or  perfect 

participle  present. 

preposition. 

pron. 
V.  i. 

u 

(( 

pronoun. 

verb  intransitive. 

V.  t. 

« 

" 

verb  transitive. 

pret. 
Fr. 

<< 

» 

preterit  tense. 
French. 

It. 

(I 

<l 

Italian. 

L. 

« 

II 

Latin. 

Sp. 

« 

<l 
R 

Spanish. 

E  M  A  R  K  S  . 

In  respelling  the  French,  en,  on,  &c.,  the  letters  ng  are  de- 
signed simply  to  mark  the  vowel  as  nasal,  and  are  not  to  l»e 
pronounced  themselves. 

Italian  A. — The  sound  of  a  in  far,  daunt,  &c.,  and  its  sound 
in  fast,  pant,  Ac,  being  radically  the  same,  is  represented  by 
the  same  character,  a.  Yet,  in  words  like  fast,  clasp,  ask,  pass, 
waft,  path,  pant,  <fec.,  the  sound  is  not  so  much  prolonged  as  in 
far  ;  and  in  such  words  as  dance,  advantage,  it  is  shortened  stiU 
more. — De.  Webster. 

The  accented  syllable  of  words  is  designated  by  this  mark  (  ' ). 
8 


KEY  TO  THE  PRONUK'CLATION. 

I  taoUff 


i,  E,  I,  0,  C, 

long  or  open, 

'1 

OS  in 

(  mate,  mete,  n 
^             mute,  c 

A,  Italian,  or  AV, 

tk 

far. 

A  broad,  AU  or 

AW, 

" 

fall. 

4., 

u 

what. 

E,  like  long  a. 

u 

prey. 

EW,  or  EU,  lilie 

long  u, 

u 

new,  {eud. 

1,  like  long  c, 

tl 

marine. 

I,  like  short  u, 

" 

b«rd. 

0, 

u 

move. 

0,  like  short  u. 

(C 

dove. 

<?, 

w 

wolf. 

OI,  or  OY, 

u 

Oil,  boy. 

OO, 

u 

moon. 

09, 

u 

book. 

OU,  or  OVV, 

»l 

about,  touTtb 

U, 

u 

buU. 

TJ,  like  yu. 

(( 

unite. 

€,  hard,  or  ClI, 

like  /f, 

(( 

carry 

C  soft,  like  s, 

u 

certain. 

CH, 

(I 

much. 

CH,  like  sh. 

<( 

macAina. 

ft,  soft,  like  J, 

ti 

^em. 

G,  hard, 

(t 

^ive. 

S,  like  :, 

u 

as,  wa*. 

s. 

u 

vresU 

TH, 

tl 

//(is. 

TH, 

u 

t/iin. 

THE 

ORTHOEPIST. 


A. 

AB'A-€US,  n.    An  Instrument  to  facilitate  exercises  in  arithn)eti& 
A-BAFI",  adv.    Furtlier  aft — toward  the  stern  of  a  ship. 
AB'JECT,  a.    Sunk  to  a  low  condition — worthless,  mean. 
AB-RADE',  V.  t.    To  rub  or  weai-  ofif ;  to  waste  by  friction. 
AB-RA'SION,  n.    The  act  of  wearing  off;  substance  worn  off. 
AB-SOLVE',  (-zolv,)  v.  t.    To  acquit  or  set  free  from  an  engagement. 
AB'SO-LUTE-LY,  adv.    Completely,  without  limit. 
AB-STRt)SE',  a.    Hid,  concealed  ;  remote  from  apprehension. 
A-CA'CIA,  (a-ka'sha,)  n.    A  genus  of  elegant  trees  and  shrubs. 
A-CEL'DA-MA,  n.    The  potter's  field,  south  of  Jerusalem. 
A-CERB'I-TY,  n.    Harshness,  bitterness,  or  severity. 
ACCES-SO-RY,  n.    One  guilty  of  crime,  but  not  as  principal. 
AC-CLI'MATE,  v.  t.    To  habituate  to  a  foreign  climate. 
A€-€LI'MA-TED,  p.  p.    Habituated  to  a  foreign  climate. 
A€-€OM'PA-NI-MENT,  n.    Something  that  attends  the  principal  thing. 
A€-€OUCHE'MENT,  (ak-koosh'mong,)  n.    Delivery  in  child-bed. 
A€-€OUCH-EUR',  (ak-koo-share',)  Fr.  n.    A  man  who  assists  in  child-birth. 
A-€OUS'TI€S,  n.    The  science  of  sounds. 
A-CU'MEN,  n.    Penetration  of  mind,  quickness  of  perception. 
AD' ACE,  n.    A  proverb,  a  wise  observation. 
AD  €AP-TAN'DUM,  L.    To  captivate,  to  please. 
AD-DEN'DA,  L.  pi.    Things  to  be  added. 
AD-EPT',  n.    One  skilled  in  any  art. 
AD  FI'NEM,  L.    To  the  end. 

fATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PRE Y.— PINE,  MARINE,  BTRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BQQK.— TCNE,  BULL,  TJNITE.— AN* 
GEE,  VI  "CIOUS.— €  as  K ;  6  as  J ;  S  as  Z  ;  CH  as  SH ;  Til  as  in  TIHS. 


88  MISCELLANEOUS  'WORDS. 

AD  HOM'I-NKM,  L.    To  the  man— to  his  interests  or  passiona. 
AD  IN-FI-NI'TUM,  L.    To  endless  extent. 
AD  IN'TER-IM,  L.    In  the  mean  time — for  the  present. 
AD-Ja'CENT,  a.    Cordering  upon — lying  near. 
AD'JUNCT,  n.    Something  added  to  another. 
AD-JOURN',  (ad-jurn',)  v.  t.    To  suspend  business  for  a  time. 
AD  LIB'I-TUM,  L.    At  pleasure;  without  resL'iction. 
AD'JII-RA-BLE,  a.    Worthy  of  admiration. 
AD'MI-RAL-TY,  n.    A  court  for  the  trial  of  maritime  causes. 
AD  REF-ER-EN'DUM,  L.    For  further  consideration. 
AD'If-LA-TOR,  n.    A  flatterer,  one  who  offers  praise  servilely. 
AD-VA-LO'REM,  L.    According  to  value. 
AD- VANCE',  (ad-vdns',)  v.  t.    To  bring  forward— to  promote. 
AD-VANTAGE,  n.    Any  condition  favorable  to  success. 
AD-VAN-TA'6E0US,  a.    Profitable— useful,  beneficial. 
AD'VERSE,  a.    Opposing— unfortunate— calamitous. 
AD-VERT',  V.  i.    To  turn  the  mind  to — to  regard. 
AD-VER-TI$E',  V.  t.    To  give  notice— to  inform. 
AD-VER-TI$'ED,  (-tizd,)  p.  p.    Published,  notified,  warned. 
AD-VER'TI$E-MENT,  n.    A  public  notice,  informaUon. 
AD-VER-TI$'ER,  n.    One  who  advertises. 
AD-VER-TI$'ING, p.  pr.    Publishing,  informing. 
A'ER-0-NAUT,  n.    One  who  sails  or  floats  in  the  air. 
A-ER-0-NAUT'l€S,  n.    Aerial  navigation  in  balloons. 
AF-FLA'TUS,  n.    Inspiration — a  breath  of  wind. 
A  FOR-TI-0'RI,  (a  for-she-o'rl,)  L.    With  stronger  reasons. 
AFT,  a.  or  adv.    Toward  the  stern  of  a  ship. 
AF'TER, prep.    Behind— later  in  time ;  as,  after  dinner. 
A-OAIN',  (a-gen',)  adv.    Something  further — once  mure. 
A-GAIXST,  (a-genst',)  pr(p.    In  opposition;  bearing  upon. 
A-GAPE',  a.  or  adv.    Gaping,  as  with  wonder. 


FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BiRD.- 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF.  BOOK.— 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  89 

A-«BS-I"LA'US,  n.    A  king  of  Sparta. 

AG'GRAND-IZE,  c.  t.    To  exalt— to  honor. 

AG  GRAND-IZ-ED,  (-Izd,)  p.  p.    Exalted,  made  greater. 

AG-GRAND'IZE-MENT,  n.    The  act  of  aggrandizing. 

AG'GRAND-IZ-ING,  p.  pr.    Exalting— ealarging. 

A-GAST",  a,  or  ad».    Struck  with  amazement. 

A-HA'.    An  exclamation  of  triumph,  contempt,  or  simple  surpfiw. 

AL'A»BAS-TER,  n.    A  variety  of  sulphate  of  lime,  or  gypsum, 

AL'BA-TROSS,  n.    An  aquatic  fowl. 

AlrCAlD',  (al-ksde'v)    In  Spain,  the  governor  of  a  caatle  or  fort. 

AL-€AL'DE,  (kal'de.)    In  Spain,  a  magistrate  or  judge. 

AL'6E»BRA,  n.    Universal  arithmetic 

AL'I-QUOT)  a.    A  number  that  v.-ill  measure  without  a  remainder. 

AL-LE'GRO,  R.    In  music,  a  word  denoting  a  brisk  movement. 

AL-LOP'A-THY,  n.    The  ordinary  mode  of  medical  practic?. 

AL'MA  MA'TER,  L.    A  college  where  one  is  educated. 

AL'TO  RE-LIE'VCS  lu    In  sculpture,  is  the  projection  of  a  figure,  half  Of 

or  more,  without  being  entirely  detached^ 
AL-TERN'ATE,  a.    Being  by  turns— reciprocal. 
A  L'TERN-ATE,  t>.  f.    To  perform  by  turns,  or  in  succession. 
^L-TERN'A-TIVE,  n.    A  choice  of  two  things. 
AL'VE-OIjAR,  a.    Containing  sockets  or  cells. 
A-MASS',  r>  U    To  collect  in  a  heap— accumulate. 
AM-A-TECR',  n.    One  who  has  a  taste  for  the  arts. 
AM'BUS-CADE,  n.    A  lying  concealed,  to  attack  by  surprfcre. 
A-MEL'IOR-ATE,  (a-meal'yur-ate,)  v.  t.    To  improve. 
A-MENDE'  HON-OR-A-BLE,  Fr.    A  public  recantation  and  reparation. 
A-MEN'I-TY,  Jt.    Pleasantness,  agreeableness  of  situation. 
A-MOUR'.  rt.  Fr.    An  unlawful  connection  in  love— a  love  intrigue. 
AN-€HO'VY,  n.    A  small  fish  from  the  MediterraneMj. 
AN-DAN'TE,  It.    In  music,  a  word  denoting  a  movement  moderately  slow. 

fi -  '^■-  -  ■■■■  !'■    <'     '    '    ■  'J    '.  .  I'"  "        J   ir     1     '  wi      IIM      -J 

TONE,  B^LL,  liKlTE.— AN"GER,  Vl"CIOUS.-€  aaK;6a8J;Sas£* 

CH  as  SH ;  TH  as  in  THIS. 

8* 


90  MlSCELLANEOtTS  -WOnDS. 

A-NEM'0-NE,  71.    Vv'iml-flower,  a  genus  of  plants. 

AN-I-MAD-VERT',  v.  i.    To  rewark  upon  by  itvay  of  criticism  or  cenfluro. 

AN-I-MAL'CULE,  n,    A  very  small  animal. 

Ant,  n.    An  emmet,  n  pismire,  a  genus  of  insects. 

AN'TE-PAST,  7t.    A  foretaste,  something  taken  before  the  proper  Umo. 

AN'TE-PE-NULT',  71.    The  last  syllablo  of  a  Word  except  two. 

AN'THRA-CITE,  n.    A  hard  coal  that  burns  without  flame. 

AN'TI-PODES,  n.    A  teim  applied  to  those  who  live  on  opposite  sides  oi 

the  globe. 
ANX-TE-TY,  (ang-zi'o'ty.)    Concern,  solicitude. 
A-ORTA,  n.    The  great  artery  from  the  left  ventricle  of  the  heart. 
A-PHEL'ION,  (a-fel'yun.)    That  point  of  a  planet's  orbit  most  distant  fVom 

the  Sun. 
AP-PEL'LA-TIVE,  n.    A  common  name  in  distinction  from  a  proper  name  ; 

as,  man,  tree., 
AP-PEL'LANT,  77.    One  who  appeals  to  a  higher  court. 
A  P0ri'TE-R(-6'KI,  L.    Arguments  a  posteriori,  are  drawn  from  effects,  con» 

sequences,  or  facis. 
A  PRI-O'RI,  L.    Reasoning  a  priori,  is  that  which  infers  effects  from  cauaos 

previously  known, 
AR'AB,  77.    A  native  of  Arabia. 
AR'A-BIG,  77.    The  language  of  the  Arabians. 
AR'A-BLE,  a.    Fit  for  tillage. 

AR-€HI-ME'DES,  77.    A  distinguished  Greek  philosopher. 
AR-RON'DISSE»MENT,  (-miing,)  Fr.    A  subdivision  of  a  department  fat 

France. 
ARG'Tie,  a.    Northern ;  as,  the  Arctic  circle. 
AR-€HE-LA'US,  77,    A  king  of  Judea. 
Are,  (.=ir.)    The  plural  of  tho  substantive  verb. 
AR'GENT-INE  RE-PUB'LI€.    The  States  of  Buenos  Ayres,  S.  A. 
AR'ID,  a.    Dry,  parched  with  heat. 


FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.-PTNE,  MARKNE,  BiKD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  HQQK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  "WORDS.  91 

AR-I-ET'TA,  II.    A  short  song— an  air. 

AR-ITH-.MET'I-€AL,  a.    According  to  the  rales  of  aritiimetic 

ARM'CIIAIR,  n.     A  chair  with  arms. 

ARM'IS-TICE,  n.    A  temporary  suspension  of  hostilities  by  agreernQOl 

AS-A-FETI-DA,  n.    An  inspissated  sap  from  Persia. 

AS-CENT,  n.    Motion  upward — an  eminence — hill. 

ASK,  V.  i.    To  inquire,  or  seek  by  request. 

ASK'ING,  p.  pr.    Interrogating,  inquiring,  requostiDg. 

A-SLANT',  a.  or  adv.    On  one  side,  obliquely. 

Asp,  n.    A  small  poisonous  serpent. 

AS-PIR'ANT,  n.    One  who  aspires,  a  candidate. 

Ass,  n.    A  quadruped  of  the  genus  equus. 

ASTH'MA,  (ast'md,)  n.    A  disease  of  respiration. 

AS'SIG-NAT.    Paper  currency,  issued  by  the  revolutionary  goTemment  of 

France. 
ATH-E-NE'UM,  n.    A  building  for  a  library. 

AT-TA-CHE',  (at-ta-sha',)  Fr.  n.    One  attached  to  the  suit  of  an  embassador. 
AT-TORN'EY,  (at-turn'y,)  n.    A  lawyer. 
AV  FAIT',  (o-fa',)  Fr.    Master  of  it— equal  to  it. 
Aunt,  (ant,)  n.    The  sister  of  one's  father  or  mother.  i 

AU'TOP-SV,  71.    Pereonal  examination. 
AUX-IL'IA-RIES,  (aug-zil'ya-rez.)    Foreign  troops  in  the  servlco  of  natioiu 

at  war.  i 

4UX-IL'IA-RY,  (aug-zi!'ya-re.)    A  helper — assistant. 
A-VANT'  €OU'RlER,  (a-vang'  koo'reer.)    A  person  dispatched  before,  to 

give  notice  of  approach. 
AV'O-CAT,  (av'o-ca,)  Fr.    An  advocate. 
A-WRY',  a.  or  adv.    Turned  or  twisted  toward  one  side. 
AX,  n.    Improperly  written  axe.    An  Instrument  for  chopping  wood. 
AY, 


VE,(' 


,  ^  (ih'e,)  ady.     Yes— yea. 


rCNE,  BULL,TINITE.— AN'GER,  VrCIOUS.— €  asK;6asJ;SaaZj 
CH  as  SH  :  TH  as  in  THIS. 


92  MISCELLANEOUS  AVORDS. 


THE  EXCURSION. 

During  a  pleasant  afternoon  in  June,  I  engaged  to 
go  on  an  excursion  Avitli  a  very  learned  friend  of  mine, 
who  was  a  great  adept  in  the  arts,  and  possessed  no 
little  acumen  in  the  sciences.  He  seemed  absolutely  a 
complete  master  of  acoustics,  aeronautics,  the  alveolar 
theory  of  cavities,  the  Arabic  language,  and  all  the 
rules  relating  to  causes  in  the  court  of  admiralty.  In- 
deed, so  abstruse  was  he  at  times,  that  there  was  per- 
ceptible a  slight  degree  of  acerbity  in  his  countenance  if 
one  did  not  see  at  once  the  force  of  his  arguments  :  a 
peculiarity  in  him  which  seemed  to  confirm  the  adage, 
that  irritability  is  the  accompaniment  of  genius.  To  amass 
wealth  and  aggrandize  himself  was  utterly  repugnant  to 
his  character.  Yet  I  would  by  no  means  absolve  my 
friend  from  all  error :  he  had  neither  the  inventive 
genius  of  Archimedes,  nor  all  the  virtues  of  Agesi- 
laus,  king  of  Sparta ;  and  some  of  his  statements  were 
merely  ad  captandum,  so  that  he  was  fairly  entitled  to 
the  appellative  by  which  he  was  usually  known. 

But  to  return  to  the  excursion  which  had  been  adver- 
tised. After  going  on  board,  and  passing  abaft  the  en- 
gine, our  friend  was  struck  by  the  abject  appearance  ot 
a  boy,  whose  shoes  gave  evidence  of  much  abrasion, 
while  the  boy  himself  was  completely  absorbed  in  ar 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  95 

arithmetical  exercise  on  the  abacus.  Here,  again,  I 
had  an  opportunity  to  witness  the  admirable  traits  ia 
my  friend's  character,  for  he  immediately  began  to  ad- 
vert to  the  aliquot  part  of  a  number,  and  explained  the 
principle  involved  so  clearl)',  that  the  boy,  as  we  left, 
stood  agape  with  astonishment. 

The  city  was  fast  receding  from  view,  and  the  pano- 
ramic appearance  of  the  country,  with  the  adjacent  vil- 
lages ornamented  here  and  there  by  the  anemone  and 
beautiful  acacia,  induced  us  to  secure  a  more  advan- 
tageous position,  where  we  could  obtain  an  unobstructed 
view.  Accordingly  we  made  an  ascent  to  the  upper 
deck,  where  my  friend  found  an  empty  arm-chair, 
which  he  secured,  and  began  to  animadvert  on  the 
style  of  the  buildings  in  view.  Being  myself  something 
of  an  amateur  in  architecture,  I  drew  his  attention  to 
the  manifest  irregularity  of  the  alternate  columns  of 
the  Atheneum,  and  also  to  the  cfreat  hight  of  the 
statue,  in  alto-relievo,  designed  to  increase  the  amenity 
of  the  prospect  from  a  distance. 

One  of  the  passengers  was  an  accessory  or  auxiliary 
of  a  notorious  burglar,  appearing  as  savage  as  an  Arab, 
and  was  viewed  aslant  with  much  curiosity.  There 
was  also  an  aeronaut  and  an  arctic  traveler,  who  had 
returned  home  after  visiting  the  Antipodes,  bringing 
with  them  a  beautiful  albatross,  as  white  as  alabaster, 
and  a  live  asp,  together  with  a  hieroglyphic  stone  from 
Palestine,  taken  from  the  Aceldama,  south  of  Jerusa- 


94  MISCKLLANE0U9  WORDS. 

lem,  and  dated  during  the  reign  of  Archelaus,  king  of 
Judea. 

Our  travelers  were  surrounded  by  an  interesting 
group,  consisting  of  a  ci-devant  Spanish  alcaid,  and  his 
friend,  the  alcalde  of  a  neighboring  town,  who  had  de- 
cided many  an  appellant's  cause ;  and  also  a  distin- 
guished French  avocat,  formerly  an  obscure  attorney  in 
an  arrondissement  near  Paris.  He  had  won  his  way  to 
fame  chiefly  by  his  strong  opposition  to  the  circulation 
of  the  assignats  got  up  by  the  revolutionary  govern- 
ment. He  had  but  just  arrived  in  the  country,  with 
his  attache,  bound  on  a  mission  to  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, where  he  had  been  instructed  to  ^ay  to  the 
authorities  that  it  would  be  to  their  advantage  to  insti- 
tute a  duty,  ad  valorem,  on  all  French  fabrics.  I  fur- 
ther noticed  among  the  company  a  celebrated  phy- 
sician and  accoucheur,  the  owner  of  many  a  broad 
acre  of  arable  soil,  and  a  strong  supporter  of  allopathy, 
who  was  aufait  of  all  matters  connected  with  his  pro- 
fession, having  at  one  time  displayed  much  skill  on  a 
gun-shot  wound  in  the  region  of  the  aorta ;  and  in 
cases  of  autopsy  he  was  acknowledged  by  even  his 
enemies  to  be  unrivaled.  Taking  a  turn  with  my 
friend  round  the  boat,  fore  and  aft,  we  observed  that 
the  machinery  had  begun  to  abrade,  caused,  as  the 
engineer  infonned  us,  by  the  adverse  fortunes  of  the 
boat  the  past  year.  He  had  just  begun  to  alternnte 
between  red  and  white  ash  anthracite  coal,  and  pre- 


MISCELLANEOnS  'WORDiS,                               05 
, J . 

feiTcd  the  latter  for  steam  purposes.  He  isiiled  against 
the  owners,  charging  them  with  aggrandizing  them- 
selves, and  neglecting  to  procure  proper  advertisements 
necessary  for  the  boat.  The  gong  announced  the  din- 
ner hour,  and  from  the  odors,  we  had  a  slight  antepast 
of  Avhat  was  to  come. 

I  passed  the  anchovy  sauce  to  some  one  who  was 
asking  for  it,  after  observing  something  like  ants,  or 
animalcules  in  the  mixture.  My  friend  was  doing  up 
matters  ad  libitum,  showing  some  anxiety  to  ameliorate 
his  condition  at  the  expense  of  the  boat.  Opposite  to 
us,  I  obs(!rved  a  young  man,  just  from  his  alma-mater, 
in  company  with  his  aunt.  I  now  heard  some  one  ask 
for  vocal  music,  and,  to  my  surprise,  my  companion 
gave  them  a  little  arietta,  Avith  the  allegro  and  an- 
dante ;  capitally  done.  I  read  in  the  Advertiser  that 
an  armistice  had  been  agreed  upon,  after  the  de- 
tection of  the  ambuscade,  by  the  avant  courier  of  the 
general.  But  had  the  army  been  acclimated  to  that 
arid  country,  and  been  re-enforced  by  auxiliaries  and 
other  adjuncts,  the  difficulty  to  acclimate  those  re- 
cently arrived  from  the  north  would  have  been  less.  It 
■was  an  enigma  to  me,  why  any  one  should  advertise  in 
a  paper  with  hardly  a  hundred  subscribers ;  when 
the  editor  of  this  advertising  sheet,  instead  of  being 
aggrandized  by  its  proceeds,  would  soon  be  forced  to 
the  alternative  of  working  or  starving.  The  speaker  at 
a  political  meeting,  which  was  now  in  full  biast  in  the 


96  MISCKLLANE0U5  WORDS. 

cabin,  was  a  great  adulator  of  the  administration,  and 
an  aspirant  for  office  He  was  also  afflicted  with  the 
asthma,  and  accented  most  of  his  words  on  the  antepe- 
nult. While  charging  the  opposition  with  seeking  to 
advance  their  own  aggrandisement,  his  adm-irers  sup- 
posed him  to  be  endowed  with  a  superior  afflatus ; 
while  others,  with  faces  awry,  stood  agast,  denouncing 
him  as  a  great  demagogue,  exclaiming,  "Aha!  after 
election,  you  will  see  who  will  be  governor."  A 
motion  to  adjourn  was  now  made,  and  a  majority 
voted  "  aye." 


Exercises  in  Articulation  and  Spelling. 

^^'illiam  can  debate  on  either  side  of  the  question. 

"William  can  debate  on  neither  side  of  the  question. 

Who  ever  imagined  such  an  ocean  to  exist  ? 

Who  ever  imagined  such  a  notion  to  exist? 

I  saw  the  prints,  witliout  emotion. 

I  saw  the  prince,  without  emotion. 

The  magistrates  ought  to  arrest  the  man. 

The  magistrates  sought  to  arrest  the  man. 

"Whom  ocean  feels  through  all  her  countless  waves. 

Who  motion  feels  through  all  her  countless  waves. 

That  lasts  till  night. 

Tliat  last,  still  night. 

A  great  error  exists  in  relation  to  the  subject. 

A  great  terror  exists  in  relation  to  the  subject. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  OV 


B. 

BAN'QUET,  (bank'wet,)  n.    A  feast— a  rich  entertainment. 

B  A€-€  A-L4U'RE-ATE,  n.    The  degree  of  bachelor  of  arts. 

BAD'IN-AGE,  (bad'in-izh,)  n.  Fr.    Light  or  playAU  discourse. 

BAS'I-LAR,  (baz'i-lar,)  a.    Relating  to  the  base. 

BA-S^LT,  (ba-zolt',)  n.    ^  rock  of  igneous  origin. 

BAS-BLEU,  (ba-blew,)  n.  Fr.    A  literary  lady— a  blue-stocking. 

BASK,  V.  i.    To  be  exposed  to  genial  heat,  or  benign  influences. 

BASK'ET,  n.    A  domestic  vessel,  made  of  various  materials. 

BASS-RE-LIEF',  n.    Low  relief— a  figure  but  a  little  protuberant 

BAS'TILE,  (bas'teel,)  n.  Fr.    An  old  castle  in  Paris. 

BATH,  n.    A  place  for  bathing — immersion  in  a  bath. 

BA'TON  ROUGE,  (bil'ton  roozh.)    A  town  on  the  Mississippi. 

BAt'OU,  (by'oo,)  n.    An  outlet  of  a  river  or  lake. 

BEA'CON,  (be'kn,)  n.    A  signal — a  light-house. 

BEARD,  (beerd,)  n.    The  hair  that  grows  on  the  chin  and  lips. 

BE-A-TU'"I€,  a.    Used  only  of  heavenly  fruition  after  death. 

BEAU  I-D£'AL,  n.    A  conception  of  consummate  beauty  formed  in  tha 

mind. 
BEAU  MONDE',  n.  Fr.    The  fashionable  world. 

BED'OU-IN,  (bed'oo-een,)  v.    The  name  of  those  Arabs  who  live  in  tents. 
BE-EL'ZE-BUB,  n.    A  prince  of  devils. 
BEL'  ES-PRlT',  (bel'  es-pree',)  n.    A  wit — a  fine  genius. 
BEAUX'  ES-PRITS',  (boz'  es-pree'.)    Plural  of  bel  esprit. 
BEN-E-FI"CIA-RY,  (ben-e-fish'a-re,)  n.    One  who  receives  any  thing  as  a  gift| 

or  is  maintained  by  charity. 
BE-NEATH',  prep.    Under,  lower  in  place. 
BES'TIAL,  (best'yal.)  a.    Having  the  qualities  of  a  beast. 

PATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.- 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BQQK.— TONE,  BULL,  TJNITE,  AN' 
GEB,  Vr'CIOUS.— €  as  K ;  e  as  J  ;  S  as  Z ;  CH  as  SH  ;  TH  as  in  THIS. 
9 


98  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

BEV  V,  n.    A  flock  of  quails — a  company  of  females. 

BI-JOU'TRY,  (be-zhoo'lry,)  n.  Fr.    Jewelry. 

BIL'LET-DOUX,  (bil'le-doo,)  Fr.    A  love  note,  or  letter. 

BI-SEer,  V.  t.    To  cut  or  divide  into  two  parts. 

BIVOUAC,  (biv'wak,)  v.  t.  Fr.    To  encamp  during  the  night  withoilt  tetdl 

or  covering. 
BLANCH,  V.  t.    To  whiten — to  take  out  the  color. 
BLANC-MANGE',  (blo-inonje',)  n.    A  French  d^h  for  the  table. 
BO'NA-FI'DE,  L.    With  good  faith, 
BLAST,  n.    A  sudden  gust  of  wind. 
BLA8'PHE-M0US,  a.    Impiously  irreverent  toward  God. 
BOMB,  (bum,)  n.    An  iron  shell  filled  with  explosive  materials. 
BOM-BAUD',  (bum-bard',)  v.  t.    To  attack  with  bombs. 
BOM'BAST,  (bum'bast,)  n.    An  inflated  style. 
BON'MOT',  (bong'mo*,)  n.  Fr.    A  jest,  a  witty  repartee. 
BON-Vl-VANT',  (bong-ve-vang'.)     A  good  fellow. 
BOOTH,  n.    A  shed  of  boards  or  boughs. 

BOUR-DE  AUX',  (boor-d5'.)    A  city  in  the  southwest  of  France. 
BOU'DOIR,  (bood'wor,)  n.  Fr.    A  small  private  room  for  curiosities,  &«. 
BOU'LE-VARD,  (boo'Ie-var,)  n.  Fr.    Public  walks  of  Paris. 
BOWL,  V.  i.    To  play  with  bowls,  or  at  bowling. 
BOWL'DER,  71.    A  stone  of  a  roundish  form,  and  no  determinate  size, 
BOWL'ING-AL'LEY,  n.    A  place  for  playing  bowls. 
BRAG-A-DO'CIO,  (brag-a-do'sho,)  n.    A  boasting  fulloW. 
BRANCH,  n.    A  division — a  limb. 
BRASS,  n.     An  alloy  of  copper  and  zinc. 
BRA'VO,  intc7j.    Well  done. 
BRIG' AND,  n.    A  robber,  a  highwayman. 

BRONCH-l'TIS,  (bronk-I'tis,)  n,    Inflammation  of  the  bronchial  niembnme. 
BU-E'NA  VlS'TA,  (boo-e'na  vis'ta,)  n.    Mexican. 
BULL'ION,  (bul'yun,)  n.    Uncoined  gold  or  silver  in  the  mass. 

'  ■  '    ■■■^ 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PTNE,  MARINE,  BIRO.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BQQK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  99 

BUOY,  (booy,)  n,    A  floating  mai-k 
BUOY'ANT,  a.    Floating— light— that  will  not  sink. 

BU-REAU'€KA-CY,  (bu-ro'kra-se,)  n.    A  system  in  which  the  business  of 
government  is  carried  on  in  departments. 


THE  BANQUET  HALL. 

The  most  notable  persons  assembled  at  the  banquet 
hall,  were  those  from  Baton  Rouge,  Buena  Vista,  Bayou 
Sara,  Bourdeaux,  a  Bedouin  Arab  with  a  long  "beard, 
and  a  person  who  had  been  a  prisoner  at  the  Bastile. 
There  was  also  a  young  man  who  had  received  his  bac- 
calaureate, having  a  little  badinage  with  the  basbleu, 
who  produced  a  piece  of  basalt  from  her  basket,  found 
in  her  boudoir,  at  the  base  of  a  figure  in  bass-relief. 

Paintings  hung  in  profusion  from  the  walls  of  the 
saloon.  My  beau  ideal  of  a  subject,  would  have  been 
an  angel  in  a  beatific  vision,  with  the  bestial  Beelzebub 
in  the  back-ground,  troubled  with  the  bronchitis,  and 
lamenting  his  blasphemous  course. 

I  saw  a  small  number,  however,  a  brief  enumeration 
of  which  may  not  be  amiss.  A  bel-esprit,  covered  with 
bijoutry,  sitting. beneath* a  tall  tree,  and  handing  a  bil- 
let-doux to  a  bevy  of  ladies,  who  had  come  to  take  a 

TONE,  BULL,  TJNITE.— AN"GER,  VI'CIOUS.— €  asK;6asJ;Sa9Z; 
CHasSH;  TH  as  in  THIS. 


100  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 


salt-water  bath  near  the  buoy,  which  served  as  a  bea- 
con to  the  sailors.  The  next  represented  a  brigand, 
whose  cheek  had  often  met  the  rude  blast :  he  was  sit- 
ting on  a  bowlder,  viewing  an  army  bivouac  in  the  dis- 
tance. 

Passing  on,  we  saw  what  appeared  to  be  a  braga- 
docio,  of  much  brass  and  bombast,  addressing  a  crowd 
under  a  booth  on  the  Boulevards  ;  while  near  by,  a 
party  was  beginning  to  bowl  on  a  bowling-alley.  Fur- 
ther on,  in  a  large  frame,  Avas  the  portrait  of  a  member 
of  the  bureaucracy,  who  had  charge  of  the  bullion. 
Time  had  begun  to  blanch  the  face  of  one  who  was 
wont  to  bask  in  the  sunshine  of  royal  favor. 

The  guests  had  begun  to  bisect  the  blanc-mange, 
while  the  buoyant  feelings  of  the  beneficiary  of  the 
duke,  led  him  to  branch  forth  to  the  beau  monde  in  a 
profusion  of  bon-mots,  and  eliciting  thereby  the  bravos 
of  the  company.  Retiring  from  the  saloon,  we  saw  in 
the  yard  of  the  arsenal  some  of  the  bombs  which  were 
afterward  used  by  Oudinot  to  bombard  the  Eternal 
City. 


For  Articulation  and  Spelling. 

The  seas  shall  waste,  the  skies  in  smoke  decay, 
Rocks  fall  to  dust,  and  mountains  melt  away. 
But  fixed  his  word,  his  saving  power  remains : 
Thy  realm  forever  lasts,  thy  own  Messiah  reigns. 


MI8CKLLANE0US  WORDS.  101 


c. 

eA€H-IN-NA'TION,  (kak-in-na'shuu,)  n.    Loud  laughter. 

GA'Di,  (ka  de,)  n.    A  Turkish  judge  or  magisti'ate. 

GAF'E,  (kaffa,)  n.    A  coffee-house. 

GALF,  (kaff,)  n.    The  young  of  a  cow ;  in  contempt,  a  stupid  person. 

GA-  LOU'ie,  n.    The  principle  or  matter  of  heat. 

€A-LIG'RA-PHY,  n.     Fair  or  elegant  writing. 

€AM'E-0,  n.    A  precious  stone  carved  in  relief. 

GAM'E-RA  OB-seu'RA,  n.    An  optical  instrument. 

€AM'PH£NE,  n.    Oil  of  turpentine. 

CAP'TAIN,  (cap'tin,)  n.    The  chief  officer  of  a  company,  ship,  or  mili(iU7 

band. 
GAR'A-BI-NEER',  n.    A  man  who  carries  a  carabine. 
GAR'A-VAN,  71.    A  company  of  travelers — a  show  of  wild  animals. 
GAR'NI-VAL,  n.     A  festival  in  Catholic  countries  during  the  week  befow 

Lent. 
GAR-O-LIN'I-AN,  n.    An  inhabitant  of  Carolina. 
GAS-GADE',  n.     A  steep  fall  of  water  over  a  precipice. 
GA-SI'NO,  n.  It.    la  Europe,  a  club-house. 
GASK,  n.    A  general  term  for  a  pipe,  barrel,  &.c. 
GASK'ET,  n.    A  small  box  for  jewels,  &c. 

GAS-Sl-0-PE'IA.  (-pe'ya.)  n.    A  constellation  in  the  northern  hemisphere. 
GAST,  V.  t.    To  throw,  fling,  or  send. 
GAST'ING  VOTE,  n.    The  vote  of  the  presiding  officer,  when  the  affirm* 

live  and  negative  are  equally  divided. 
GAV'AL-GADE,  7(.     A  procession  of  persons  on  horseback. 
CEM'ENT,  (sera'ent,)  n.     Mortar— glue— solder. 
GAOUT'CHOUG,  (koo'chook,)  n.    India-rubber. 

FATE,  F-AR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE.  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BTRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  VVQLF,  BOOK.— TUNE,  BULL,  IGNITE.- AN' 
GER,  VI'  CIOUS.— €  as  K ;  C  as  J ;  S  as  Z ;  CH  as  SH  ;  TH  as  in  THIS. 
9* 


102  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

CER'E-BRUM,  n.    The  front  and  larger  part  of  the  brain. 

CER'E-PRAL,  a.    Pertaining  to  the  cerebrum. 

CUAFI'  X.    Husks— refuse — worthless  matter. 

CHA-LYB'E-ATE,  a.    Impregnated  with  particles  of  iron. 

CH'AMP  DE  mars,  (shiing  de  miirz,)  Fr,    An  open  space  in  Paris  for  re- 
views. 

CHANCE,  n.    An  event  that  takes  place  without  being  contrived. 
CH  AN'CEL-LOR,  n.    A  judge  of  the  court  of  chancery. 
CHAN'CE-RY,  n.    A  court  of  equity. 
CHANT,  n.    A  song— melody. 

CH  AP-AR-RAL',  n.  Sp.    A  thicket  of  low  evergreen  oaks. 
CllAR'GE  D'AF-FAIRES',  (ghiir'zha  daf-fair'.)    A  substitute  for  an  em- 
bassador. 
CHARL'A-TAN,  (shiirl'a-tan.)     A  quack — an  empiric. 
CHAR-I-VA-RI',  (shiir-e-va-ree'.)    A  mock  serenade  of  discordant  music 
CHAS-TISE',  V.  t.    To  correct  by  punishing. 
CHAS'TISE-MENT,  (chas'tiz-ment,)  n.    Correction— pimishment. 
CHAT-EAU',  (shat-to',)  n.  Fr.    A  castle— a  seat  in  tlie  country. 
CHATTEL,  (chat'l,)  n.     Any  aiticle  of  movable  or  immovable  goods. 
CHEF  D'OiUV'RE,  (shcf  doov'r,)  n.  Fr,    A  maeter-piece  or  performance  in 

the  arts. 
CHE-MISE',  (she-mez',)  n.  Fr.    A  shift  or  under  garment  worn  by  femaloi. 
C!C-E-RO'NE,  (sis-e-ro'ne,)  n.    A  guide — an  attendant. 
Cl-DE-VANT,  (se-de-vilng',)  Fr.    Formeily  used  to  designate  persons  who 

have  been  in  office,  and  retired. 
CIT'I-ZEN,  (sit'e-zn,)  n.    A  permanent  resident  in  a  city  or  rountry. 
CLASP,  71.    A  hook  for  fiistening — a  throwing  of  the  arras  around. 
CLASS,  n.    An  order  or  rank  of  persons— a  division. 
€0-AD'JU-TANT,  a.    Mutually  assisting  or  operating. 
€0-AD-JU'TOR,  n.    One  who  aids  another ;  an  assistant. 
Co'eOA,  (ko'ko,)  71.    A  simple  preparation  of  the  kernels  of  the  cacao. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT,— M£TE,  PREY.-PINE,  MARINE,  BfRD.- 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  VVQLF,  BQQK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  103 

€OCirX-NEAL,  (koch  e-nele,)  n.  An  insect  from  Mexico,  used  for  dyeing 
red  colors. 

€0'DI-Ff,  (ko'de-fi,)  v.  t.    To  reduce  to  a  code  or  digest,  as  laws. 

€OGN'IA€,  (kone'j'ak,)  n.  The  best  kind  of  brandy,  so  named  from  a 
town  in  France. 

€OG'NI-ZA-BLE,  (kog'ue-za-ble,)  a.  That  falls  or  may  fall  under  judicial 
notice. 

COG  NI'ZANCE,  (kog'nczans,)  n.   Judicial  notice— perception,  observation. 

€OG'NI-ZANT,  (kog'ne-zant,)  a.    Having  knowledge  of. 

€OL-I-SE'UM,  n.    The  amphitheater  of  Vespasian  at  Rome. 

€OL-LAB'0-RA-TOR,  n.  An  associate  in  labor,  especially  literary  or  sclen 
tiflc. 

COL-LATE',  v.  t.    To  lay  together  and  compare— to  examine. 

COLL'IER,  (kol'yer.)    A  digger  of  coal— a  Coal  merchant  or  vessel. 

€OLL'IER-Y,  (kol'yer-y,)  n.    The  place  where  coal  is  dug. 

€OL'P0RT-EUR,  n.    A  distributor  of  religious  tracts  and  books. 

COL'UMX,  (kol'lum,)  n.    A  pillar— an  upright  shaft. 

■eOM'BAT-ANT,  n.    A  person  who  combats— a  champion. 

€OM'BAT-ED,  pp.    Opposed— resisted,  contended. 

€OM'BAT-ING,  ppr.    Stri\ing  to  resist— fighting. 

€0M-MAND',  v.  t.    To  order— to  direct- to  charge. 

€OME'LY,  (kum'ly,)  a.    Becoming— graceful— handsome. 

COMME  IL  FAUT,  (kom  il  fo,)  Fr.    As  it  should  be. 

■eOM'MENT,  V.  t.    To  make  remarks,  or  criticisms. 

COM'MENT-ING,  ppr.    Criticising— remarking. 

COM'MU-NISM,  n.  An  association  of  persona  in  which  there  ai'o  no  sepa- 
l-ale rights  in  property. 

€OM'MU-NIST,  n.    An  advocate  of  communism. 

■GOM'PA-RA-BLE,  a.    Worthy  of  Comparison. 

€OM'PA-EA-BLY,  adv.    In  a  manner  worthy  fo  be  compared. 

COM-PEER',  n.    An  equal--a  companion,  an  associate. 

TCNE,  BULL,tINITE.— AN"GEIi,  V1"CI0US.— €  aa  K;  6  as  J;  S  as  Z; 
CH  as  SH ;  ?H  as  In  THIS, 


104  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

EOM'PLAI-SANCE,  (kom'pla*zan8,)  n.    A  pleasing  deportment;  ciTilityj 

condescension. 
€OM'PLAI-SANT.  (kom'pla-ZBnt.l  a.    Obliging— courteous. 
€OM'PLAI-SANT-LY,  (kora'pla-zant-Iy,J  adv.    With  civility— courteously. 
COM'PRO-MIT,  i\  t.    To  put  to  haiard  by  some  prenous  act,  which  cannot 

be  recalled, 
CON  A'MO'RE,  /£.    With  love  or  pleasure. 
CON'Cl'O  AD  CLE'RUM,  (kon'she^i  ad  kle'rum,)  L,    A  sermon  to  th« 

clergy. 
CON'DUIT,  (kon'dit,)  n.    A  sewer,  drain,  or  canal. 
€ON'JU-GAL,  a.    Matrimonial— connubial  ?  as,  conjugal  tics. 
€ON'NOIS-SEtJR',  (kon'nis-sar',)  Ft:    A  person  well  versed  in  any  subject. 
CON'QUEST,  (konk'west,)  n.    The  act  of  conquering  or  vanquishing. 
eON'SCIENCE,  (kon'ehens.)    Internal  judgment  of  right  and  wrong— th« 

moral  sense. 
CON-SCI-EN'TIOUS,  (kon-she-en'shus,)  a.    Influenced  by  conscience. 
€ON-SER-VA'TOR,  n.    A  preserver  ft-om  injurj-  or  violation. 
€ON'STRCE,  c.  t.    To  interpret— to  translate. 
€ON'STRtJ-ING,  ppr.    Expounding— translating. 
€ON'STRC-ED,  (kon'stmd,)  pp.    Interpreted— translated. 
€ON-T0UR',  (kon-toor',)  n.    The  outline  of  a  figure. 
€ON'TRE-TEMPS',  (con'ti-tUng'.)    An  accident  which  throTs  every  thing 

into  confusion. 
CON-TRIB'IITE,  «.  t.    To  glVe—to  pay  a  share. 
€ON'TU-ME-LY,  n.    Contemptuousness— insolence. 
CON'VER-SANT,  a.    Acquainted— famUiar  with. 
CON'VER-SAZ-I-O'NE,  (kon'ver-sat-ze-5'n5,)  n.  /{.    A  meeting  fbr  con» 

versation. 
€ON-VIV'I-AL,  a.    Social— jovial— festal. 
€0-QUET'RY,  (ko-ket'ry,)  n.    Attempts  to  attract  admiration— trifling  in 

Icve. 


FATE,  FXR,  F^LI^  WHAT.— METE,  PREV.-PTNE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLr,  B99K. 


MISCELLAKEOUS  WORDS.  105 

€0-CiUETTING,  (ko-ket'L\g,)  ppr.    Gaining  admirers,  and  then  rejecting 

them. 
€0R  AL,  n.    The  solid  secretion  of  zoophytes,  chiefly  carbonate  of  lime. 
€0R  OL-LA-RY,  n.    An  inference  from  a  preceding  proposition. 
€ORPS,  (liore,  pi.  korz,)  n.    A  body  of  troops— any  tlivision  of  an  army. 
CORPS  DIP-LO-M  A-TIQUE',  (kore  dip-lo-mii-teek',)  Ft.    The  body  of  min- 
isters, or  diplomatic  characters. 
€OR'PUS-CLE,  (kor'pus-sl,)  n.     Very  small  particles  or  atoms. 
€OR'TE6E,  (kor  tazh,)  n.  Fr.    A  train  of  attendants. 
€OS-'I'tJ.ME',  n.    An  established  mode  of  dress. 
CO-TE-RIE',  (ko-te-reV)  n.  Fr.    A  circle  of  familiar  friends. 
CoU'LEUR  DE  ROSE,  (Uoo'Iaur  de  roze,)  Fr.    Under  an  aspect  of  beauty 

and  attractiveness. 
COUP  DE  GRACE',  (koo  de  gras  .)    A  stroke  of  mercy  to  one  on  the  rack^ 

by  death. 
COUP  DE  M.\IN',  (koo  de  miing'.)    An  unexpected  attack  or  enterprise. 
COUP  D'CEIL',  (koo  dale',)  Fr.    Slight  view,  glance  of  the  eye. 
COUP  D'E-TAT',  (;koo  da-tii',)  Fr.    A  sudden  decisive  blow  in  politics. 
COUP'LET,  (kup'let,)  n.  Fr.    Two  verses— a  pair  of  rhymes. 
COU-PON',  (koo-pong',)  n.  Fr.    An  interest  certificate  printed  at  the  bottom 

of  transferable  bonds. 
COU'RI-ER,  (koo're-er,)  n.    A  messenger  sent  express  for  conveying  letters 

or  dispatches. 
COURT'E-S  Y,  (kiu-t'e-sy,)  n.    Elegance  of  manners— politeness. 
COURTE-OUS,  (kurt'e-us,)  a.    Civil,  polite,  obliging. 
COURTE'SY,  (kurt'sy,)  n.    The  act  of  civility  performed  by  women. 
COURTE'S  Y,  (kurt'sy,)  v.  i.    To  perform  an  act  of  civility  as  a  woman. 
COURTIER,  (kort'yur,)  n.    A  man  who  frequents  the  courts  of  princes. 
COV'ENT  GAR-DE>f,  (kuv'ent  gar-den.)  n.    The  name  of  a  theater  in  Loi>- 

don. 
COVER-LET,  (kuv'er-let,)  n.    The  cover  of  a  bed. 

TtNE,  BULL,IINITE.— AN"GER,  VI"CIOUS.— C  asKjfiasJjSaaZ; 
CH  as  SH  ;  Til  as  in  THIS, 


106  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 


€OV'ERT,  (kuv'ert,)  a.    Covered,  hid,  dwguiseJ, 

€OV'ERT-LY,  (kuv'erl-ly),  adv.    Secretly— in  pru-ate. 

€0V'ET-OUS,  (kuv'et-us,)  a.    Eager  to  obtain — avariciooa. 

€fiV'E  Y,  (kuv'y,)  n.    A  brood  of  birds — a  companr — a  set. 

CRAFT'Y,  a.    Artful,  cunning,  skillful. 

€RAUNCH,  (kriinch,)  v.  t.    To  crush  with  the  teeth. 

CREATURE,  (kret'yur,)  n.    Th.it  which  is  created— an  animah 

€RES-CEN'DO,  It.    In  music,  denotes  with  an  increasing  volume  of  voice. 

€RI]>V.\SSE',  71.  Fr.    A  deep  crevice — a  broach. 

CRI-TlQUE',  (kre-teek',)  n.  Fr.  A  critical  examination  of  the  merits  of  « 
performance. 

€RU1SE,  (kruze,>  v.  i.    To  saU  back  and  forth. 

€0'eUM-BER,  (kQ'kum-ber,)  n.    A  well-known  vegetable. 

€UI  BO'NO,  (kl  bo'no,)  L.    For  whose  benefit. 

CUlCRASS,  (kwe'rass.)     A  breast-plate. 

€Uif-RAS-SlER',  (kwe-ras-seer',)  n.    A  soldier  armed  with  a  cuirass. 

€Ui-'SlNE',  (kwe-zeen',)  n.  Fr.    The  cooking  depai-tmeut. 

CULTURE,  (kuli/yur,)  n.  The  act  of  tilling  the  earth,  or  improving  the 
mind. 

CUR-TAIL',  r.  t.    To  shorten— to  abridge — to  cut  down. 

CYCLA-DES,  (sik'la-dSze,)  n.    A  number  of  islands  in  the  Grecian  Sea. 

CYN'O-SURE,  (sin'o-shure,  or  sl'no-shure.)  A  name  given  to  the  constel- 
lation of  the  Lesser  Bear— any  thing  to  which  the  attention  is  strongly 
turned. 

CYTH-E-RE'AN,  a.    Pertaining  to  the  goddess  Venus. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BQQK.— TUNE,  BULL,  TJNITE.— AN" 
GER,  Vr'CIOUS.— €  as  K  ;  0  as  J  •  S  as  Z  ;  CH  as  Sn ;  Tli  as  in  THIS. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  107 


AN  OYERLAM)  JOUIiXEY  TO  CALIFORNIA. 

During  the  year  1849,  a  citizen  of  New  York  joined 
(con  amore)  an  overland  company,  bound  for  California. 
On  Ills  return,  a  short  time  since,  he  gave  a  brief  ac- 
count of  the  journey. 

After  a  long  cruise  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  we  cast 
anchor  in  the  harbor  of  Galveston,  in  Texas.  The 
captain  in  command,  having  the  casting  vote,  decided 
that  we  should  pitch  our  tents  near  the  chateau  of  an 
old  Carolinian,  who,  cognizant  of  our  arrival,  greeted 
us  with  great  complaisance  and  courtesy.  We  pur- 
chased a  few  coverlets  and  blankets  colored  by  cochi- 
neal, and  a  lot  of  caoutchouc  or  India-rubber  cement 
for  various  purposes,  also  camphene  to  give  us  caloric 
to  boil  our  cocoa,  and  a  small  cask  of  cogniac  for 
medicinal  purposes  ;  and  other  goods  and  chattels  which 
might  contribute  to  our  comfort. 

Before  proceeding  further,  we  will  introduce  the 
reader  to  one  or  two  of  the  prominent  members  of  our 
company.  We  will  begin  with  the  ci-devant  chancellor 
of  one  of  the  eastern  states,  a  lawyer  of  the  first  class, 
whose  last  business,  as  a  conservator  of  legal  science, 
was,  when  acting  in  a  committee  with  his  compeers, 
appointed  by  the  legislature  to  construe,  comment,  col- 
late, and  codify  the  rides  in  chancery.     He  was  un- 


108  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 


fortunate  enough  to  comprorait  himself  in  pohtics,  so 
that  he  failed  of  an  election  to  an  office  for  which  he 
aspired,  and  rather  than  begin  again  the  practice  of 
the  law,  he  had  accepted  an  appointment  from  General 
Taylor  to  an  office  in  California, 

The  cynosure  of  all  eyes  was  a  Frenchman,  courte- 
ous, complaisant,  and  conscientious,  with  an  imposing 
costume  and  contour,  having  the  affiibility  of  a  court- 
ier, with  the  judgment  of  a  connoisseur,  viewing  mat- 
ters generally  couleur  de  rose ;  and  while  a  member 
of  the  corps  diplomatique  in  Rome,  he  left,  after  the 
carnival,  for  a  summer  excursion  among  the  Cyclades 
in  the  Grecian  sea.  Returning  to  Paris,  he  found  the 
value  of  coupons  reduced  so  low  as  to  embarrass  his 
pecuniary  affairs.  He  was  then  appointed  to  the  com- 
mand of  a  regiment  of  carabineers,  and  afterward  to 
a  regiment  of  curassiers ;  but  finally  doffed  the  cuirass 
on  hearing  the  gold  reports  of  Cahfornia. 

There  was,  also,  one  person  not  troubled  vf'iVh  a  con- 
science, a  mere  charlatan,  Avho  liad  fignired,  with  his 
coadjutors,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  coliseum  in  a  certain 
city. 

This  person,  after  committing  a  crime,  of  which  the 
law  takes  cognizance,  or  is  cogniziible  by  the  law,  had 
succeeded  in  smuggling  himself  into  the  company,  by 
reason  of  his  being  conversant  with  the  route  to  be  taken. 

The  company,  which  was  comparable  to  a  caravan 
01   cavalcade,  or  whatever  term  the  reader  chooses, 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  109 


now  took  up  its  line  of  march,  and  following  tlie 
directions  of  our  cicerone,  we  made  great  progress 
during  the  first  ten  days.  The  cortege  was  imposing 
in  appearance :  a  mounted  corps  took  the  lead,  and  the 
crescendo  of  their  cytherean  chant  echoed  through  the 
coverts  of  the  chaparral. 

A  collaborator  of  the  colporteur,  who  acted  as 
courier,  found  by  chance  a  chalybeate  spring,  with  a 
natural  conduit.  It  was  a  delightful  spot,  with  an 
abundance  of  grass,  giving  evidence  of  former  culture. 

We  could  not  resist  the  temptation  to  halt  and 
recruit  both  man  and  beast.  Our  cuisine  was  soon  in 
operation,  having  purchased  a  calf,  some  wild  fowls, 
and  fresh  cucumbers  from  the  Indians.  The  French- 
man was  engaged  in  a  conversazione,  commenting  on 
the  principles  of  communism  with  a  devoted  commu- 
nist ;  while  the  comely  collier,  from  a  colliery  in  Penn- 
sylvania, was  complaisantly  singing  a  couplet  to  a 
convivial  coterie,  which  was  followed  by  a  burst  of 
cachinnation  fi'om  the  group. 

This  was  the  last  really  green  oasis  we  met  with :  all 
the  route  now  to  its  termination  was  marked  by  suffer- 
ing and  privation,  which  was  construed  as  a  chastise- 
ment for  our  cupidity. 

The  treasurer  of  the  company,  a  covetous,  crafty 

creature,  had  absconded   during  the  night,   probably 

with  the  intention  of  joining  another  party,  taking  with 

him  a  large  sum  of  money  belonging  to  the  company, 
10 


110  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

also  a  casket,  containing  a  gold  clasp  and  cameo,  and  a 
miniature  of  a  Turkish  cadi,  set  in  diamonds.  A  cre- 
vasse in  the  river,  comparably  small,  caused  us  much 
trouble.  We  had  noticed  hostile  Indians  covertly 
watching  us  for  several  days.  A  column  of  armed 
combatants,  bent  upon  conquest,  made  a  furious  charge 
upon  us,  combating  like  regular  soldiers.  They  were 
repulsed  after  a  short  struggle,  and  I  found  that  my 
coadjutant  had  a  serious  cerebral  wound  on  the  left 
side  of  the  cerebrum. 

On,  on,  we  tramped  through  those  dreary  solitudes, 
with  nothing  better  than  chaff  for  our  animals,  and 
obhged  also  to  curtail  our  own  provisions ;  treated 
with  contumely  by  the  Indians,  and  during  the  long 
still  nights  the  silver  moon  and  twinkling  Cassiopeia, 
the  roar  of  the  distant  cascade,  all,  impressed  us  with 
a  feeling  of  utter  loneliness. 


For  Articulation  and  Spelling. 

Eound  the  rough  rocks  the  ragged  rascals  ran. 

The  masts  stood  steadfast  through  the  severest  storm. 

The  beasts  straggled  through  the  wastes  and  forests. 

He  twists  the  texts  to  suit  the  ditferent  sects. 

1  saw  a  man  with  a  saw  saw  sis  sleek,  slim  saplings. 

Up  the  high  hill  he  heaves  a  huge  round  stone. 


MISCELLANKOUS  "WORDS.  Ill 


D. 

DA-GUERRE'I-AN,  (da-ger're-an,)  a.  Pertaining  to  Daguerre,  or  his  invea- 
tion  of  the  daguerreotype. 

DA-GUERRE'O-TtPE,  (da-ger'o-type,)  n.  A  method  of  fixing  images  of 
objects  by  the  camera  obscura. 

DAH'LIA,  (dahl'ya,)  n.  A  beautiful  compound  flower  of  every  variety  of 
hue. 

DAN'DRUFF,  n.    A  scurf  which  forms  on  the  head. 

DAUNT,  dant,  v.  t.    To  intimidate — to  dishearten. 

DAUNT'ED,pp.    Checked  by  fear— intimidated,  abashed. 

DEB-AU-CHEE',  (deb-o-shee',)  n.  A  man  given  to  intemperance  or  lewd- 
ness. 

DE-BOUCH',  (de-boosh',)  v.  i.    To  issue  or  march  out  of  a  confined  place. 

DE-BRlS',  (da-bree',)  n.  Fr.  Various  masses  detached  from  mountains, 
and  piled  up  below. 

DE-BtJT',  (da-bu',)  n.  Fr.    Beginning— a  first  appearance. 

DEB-C-TANT',  (deb-u-tUng',)  n.  A  person  who  makes  his  first  appearanos 
before  the  public. 

DE-CrsiVE,  (de-sy'siv,)  a.    Final,  conclusive,  definitive. 

DE-CREP'IT,  a.    Broken  down  with  age  and  debility. 

DEF'I-CIT,  n.    Want— deficiency ;  as,  a  deficit  in  the  revenue. 

DEG-LU-Tl"TION,  (deg-lu-tish"un,)  n.    The  act  of  swallowing. 

DE-MAND'  v.  t.    T ,  ask  or  call  for,  as  one  who  has  a  claim. 

DE-MISE',  (de-mize',)  n.  The  death  of  any  distinguished  person— a  con- 
veyance by  will. 

DE-MON'STRA-BLE,  a.    That  may  be  proved  beyond  doubt. 

DE-MON'STRA-BLY,  adv.    In  a  manner  to  preclude  doubt. 

DE-MON'STRA-TIVE,  a.    Having  the  power  of  demonstration. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PRF.Y.— PINE,  MARINE,  BTRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WOLF,  BOQIC— TtNE,  BULL,  tJNITE.— AN 
GER,  vrCIOUa.— €  as  K;  6  as  J;  S  os  Z;  Cli  as  Sfl;  TH  as  in  THIS. 


112  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

DE-MT ,  n.    A  kind  of  paper  of  small  size. 
DENT'I-FRICE,  (dent'e-fris,)  n.    A  powder  for  cleaning  the  teetb 
DE-PA  RT'URE,  (de-part'yur,)  n.    The  act  of  going  away. 
DE-Por,  (de-p6',)  n.  Fr.    A  place  of  deposit. 
DE-PR£'CIATE,  (de-pre'shate,)  v.  t.    To  undervalue. 
DEP-Rl-VA'TION,  n.    The  aci  of  depriving— loss— want. 
DES-HA-BILLE',  (dcs-a-bil',)  n.    An  undress — any  home  dress. 
DE-SID-ER-A'TUM,  (j)l.  de-sid-e-ra'ta,)  n.    That  whiah  is  desired. 
DES'IG-NATE,  v.  t.    To  mark  out  or  show  so  as  to  make  known. 
DES'PI-€A-BLE,  (des'pe-ka-bl,)  a.    Contemptible,  mean,  vile. 
DE$-SERT',  (dez-zert',)  n.    The  last  course  at  the  table. 
DES'UE-TUDE,  (des'we-tude,)  n.    Discontinuance  of  practice,  custom,  of 

fashion. 
DES'UL-TO-RY,  a.    Unconnected— iramethodical. 
DE-TAIL',  n.    Particulars — as  the  details  of  a  scheme. 
DET-ES-TA'TION,  n.    Extreme  hatred— abhorrence. 
DET-0-NA'TION,  n.     An  explosion,  or  sudden  report. 
DE-TOUR',  (da-toor',)  n.  Fr.    A  turning — a  circuitous  way. 
DEV'AS-TATE,  v.  t.    To  lay  waste— to  ravage. 
DE-VOIR',  (dev-wor',)  n.  Fr.    An  act  of  civility  or  respect. 
DI-ATH'E-SIS,  n.    Particular  disposition  or  habit  of  body,  good  or  bad. 
DI-ATRIB-IST,  n.    One  who  prolongs  his  discourse  or  discussion. 
DICTUM,  (pi.  dic'ta,)  n.  L.    An  authoritative  assertion  or  saying. 
DIL-ET-TAN'TE,  (dil-ct-tan'ta ;  pi.  dil-et-tan'ti,)  71.  It.    An  admirer  or  lovef 

of  the  fine  arts. 
DIL'I-ftENCE,  (dil'e-zhanse,)  n.    The  name  of  a  kind  of  stage-coach  used 

in  France. 
DIPH'THONG,  (dirthong,)  n.    A  union  of  two  vowels  in  one  syllable. 
DIP-LO-MAT'IC,  a.    Pertaining  to  diplomas,  privileged. 
DIS-AD-VAN-TA'CEOUS,  a.    Unfavorable  to  success— inconvenient. 
DIS-ARM',  (diz-ilrm',)  v.  t.    To  deprive  of  arms — to  render  harmless. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BJRD.- 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  VV^QLF,  BQQK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  113 

DIS-AS'TER,  (diz-iis'ter,)  n.    Misfortune,  mishap,  calamity. 
DlS-CERN',  (diz-zern',)  v.  t.    To  distinguish — to  discriminate — to  see. 
DIS-COM'FIT,  (dis-cum'fit,)  v.  t.    To  rout,  to  defeat,  to  vanquish. 
DIS-COURT'E-OUS,  (dis-liurt'e-us,)  a.    Uncivil,  wanting  in  good  manners. 
DIS-DAIN',  (diz-dain',)  n.    Contempt,  scorn. 
DIS-FRAN'CHISE,  (dis-fran'chiz,)  v.  t.    To  deprive  of  the  rights  and  pri«- 

loges  of  a  free  citizen. 
DIS-FRAN'CHIS-ED,  (dis-fran'chizd,)  pp.  or  a.    Deprived  of  the  rights  of  a 

free  citizen. 
DIS-FRAN'CmSE-MENT,  (dis-fran'chiz-ment,)  n.   The  act  of  disfranchiaing. 
DI$-H(JN'EST,  (diz-cn'esU)  a.    Void  of  honesty,  destitute  of  probity. 
DIS-HUN'OR-A-BLE,  (diz-cn'or-a-bl,)  a.    Destitute  of  honor,  base. 
DIS-IN'TE-GRATE,  v.  t.    To  separate  the  integrant  parts  of. 
DIS-tN'TE-GRA-TED,  pp.    Separated  into  integrant  parts  without  chemical 

action. 
DIS-IN'TER-EST-ED-NESS,  n.    Freedom  from  bias  or  prejudice  on  ao- 

comit  of  private  interest 
DIS'L0-€A.TE,  v.  t.    To  displace— to  put  out  of  joint. 
DIS'LO-€A-TED,pp.  or  a.    Removed  from  its  proper  place. 
DIS-0-BLI6E',  u.  t.    To  do  an  act  which  contravenes  the  will  or  desires  of 

another. 
DIS-6\VN',  (diz-own',)  v.  t.  To  deny — to  refuse  to  acknowledge  as  belonging 

to  one's  self. 
DIS'PU-TA-BLE,  a.    That  may  be  disputed  or  controverted. 
DIS'PU-TANT,  n.    One  who  disputes,  a  controvertist. 
DIS-SOLVE',  (diz-zolv',)  v.  t.    To  melt  or  liquefy,  by  means  of  heat  or 

moisture. 
DIS'TI€H,  (dis'tik,)  n.     A  couplet— an  epigram  of  two  verses. 
DIS-TRIB'UTE,  V.  t.    To  divide  among  two  or  more. 
DI-VERT'ISE-MENT,  (de-vert'iz-ment.)    A  short  entertainment  between 

the  acts  of  longer  pieces. 


TCNE,  BULL,  TINITE.— AN"GER,  VI"CIOUS.— C  asK;6a3J:  SasZ; 
CH  as  SH  :  TH  as  in  THIS. 
10* 


ll4  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

DI-VULGE ,  (de-vulj',)  v.  t.    To  make  public,  to  reveal,  to  disclose. 

DOL'OR-OUS,  a.    Son-owful,  doleful,  dismal. 

D0-M1N'I€-AN,  a.  or  re.    An  order  of  monks. 

DON'A-TIVE,  a.    Vested  or  vesting  by  donation. 

DOIi'IC,  a.    Lo  architectuie,  denoting  tlie  second  order  of  columns  between 

the  Tuscan  and  Ionic. 
DbUB  LE-EN-TEN'DRE,  (doob'l-iin-tan'dr,)  n.  Fr.    Double  meaning  of  a 

word  or  expression. 
DOTH,  (duth.)    The  third  person  irregular  of  do. 
DOUCHE,  (doosh,)  n.    A  jet  of  water  directed  with  force  on  to  some  dia- 

eaai^j  pai't  of  the  body. 
DOUGfl'TY,  (dou'ty,)  a.    In  burlesque,  brave,  valiant,  noble. 
DRAFT,  n.    An  order  directing  the  payment  of  money — a  bill  of  exchange. 
DRAUGHT,  (draft,)  n.    The  quantity  of  liquor  drank  at  once. 
DRAM'A-TIS  PER-SO'N^,  L.    Actors  representing  the  characters  in  a 

play. 
DRAM'A-TIST,  n.    The  author  of  a  dramatic  composition. 
DROM'E-DA-RY,  (drum'e-der-ry,)  n.     A  species  of  camel. 
DRUM'MOND  LIGHT,  (from  Lieut.  Drummond.)     A  very  intense  light, 

produced  by  turning  two  streams  of  gfis— one  oxygen,  and  the  other  hy- 
drogen— in  a  state  of  ignition,  on  a  ball  of  lime. 
DU€'AT,  (duk'at,)  n.    A  coin  of  several  countries  in  Europe :  the  silver 

ducat  is  of  equal  value  to  the  American  dollar,  and  the  gold  ducat  of 

twice  the  value. 
5U€'TILE,  (duk'til,)  a.    Easily  led  or  drawn— flexible,  pliable. 
DO'RA  MA'TER,  n.  L.    The  outer  membrane  of  the  brain. 

FATE,  FAR.  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  *1AR11NE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  VVQLF,  BQOK.— TONE,  BUn^  UNITE.— AN" 
GEE,  vr'CIOUS,— €  as  K ;  6  aa  J ;  S  as  Z ;  CH  as  Sfc  J  TH  as  m  TUia 


MISCELLANEOUS  WOTIDS.  116 


THE  DAGUERREIAN  GALLERY. 

The  demand  for  daguerreotypes  has,  of  late,  given 
quite  an  impetus  to  tliis  branch  of  the  fine  arts.  Its 
demonstrable  superiority  over  all  other  modes,  in  giving 
a  true  and  life-like  impression,  is  no  longer  a  disputable 
question.  I  shall  disarm  disputants  of  all  suspicions  of 
my  own  disinterestedness,  in  a  most  decisive  manner, 
Avhen  I  refuse  to  designate  or  divulo-e  the  name  of  the 
artist,  in  whose  gallery  we  spent  a  brief  half  hom% 
taking  a  desultory  view  of  all  we  could  discern. 

Presuming  the  reader  to  have  a  reasonable  detesta- 
tion of  too  much  detail,  we  shall  not  be  so  discourteous 
as  to  disoblige  him,  by  assuming  the  function  of  the 
doughty  diatribist  on  the  present  occasion. 

The  first  we  observed  was  in  a  disadvantageoiis  light, 
and  represented  a  group  at  the  dinner-table,  partaking 
of  the  dessert  which  the  waiter  had  begun  to  dis- 
tribute. A  decrepit  gentleman  seemed  to  enjoy  the 
process  of  deglutition,  while  it  was  quite  evident  that 
his  teeth  had  been  unused  to  the  action  of  dentifrice. 

The  image  of  a  dishonest  diplomatic  individual  next 
attracted  our  attention.  It  is  said  that  he  was  dis- 
franchised for  the  dishonorable  deficit  of  ten  thousand 
ducats  which  was  detected  in  his  accounts.  It  appears 
that  his  conscience  was  sufficiently  ductile  to  enable 


116  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

him  to  conceal  a  draft  of  the  above  amount,  and  to  dis- 
own with  disdain  all  knowledge  of  the  embezzlement, 
and  to  regard  his  disfranchisement  as  of  little  conse- 
quence. 

It  is  demonstrably  certain,  by  the  distich  appended 
to  the  design,  that  the  person  with  the  dolorous  coun- 
tenance in  the  act  of  taking  a  douche  bath  in  the  Doric 
structure,  to  improve  the  diathesis  of  his  system,  had 
met  with  a  disaster  which  dislocated  one  of  his  hmbs ; 
or  perhaps  a  draught  of  that  despicable  liquor  which, 
we  trust,  is  rapidly  going  into  desuetude,  may  have  had 
something  to  do  with  his  present  condition. 

The  most  striking  piece  in  the  collection  was  a  scene 
laid  in  Mexico,  representing  an  army  making  prepara- 
tions to  debouch  from  a  dangerous  defile,  where  masses 
of  debris,  composed  of  disintegrated  rock,  that  had 
taken  the  sun  and  atmosphere  a  long  time  to  disin- 
tegrate, were  precipitated  with  such  a  detonation  or 
report,  as  to  daunt  the  heart  of  any  one  capable  of 
beinsf  daunted.  The  effects  of  the  disaster  were  of 
such  a  demonstrative  character  as  to  devastate  the 
country,  depreciate  the  value  of  property,  and  cause 
the  demise  of  many  distinguished  individuals. 

Previous  to  our  departure,  our  attention  was  arrested 
by  the  grotesque  figure  of  a  dramatist,  instructing  a 
debutant  how  to  make  his  debut  in  the  divertisement 
as  a  Dominican  friar,  riding  on  a  dromedary,  soliciting 
donative  offerings  from  a  dilettante,  with  a  dahlia  m  his 


MISCKLLANKOUS  WORDS.  117 

liand,  and  in  the  act  of  stepping  from  a  Fi-ench  dili- 
gence. 

The  flash  of  the  Drummond  hght,  which  came  in  at 
the  windows,  would  dissolve  and  discomfit  the  lurking 
darkness  so  suddenly  as  almost  to  cause  a  deprivation 
of  sio-ht. 


For  Articulation  and  Spelling. 

Amidst  the  mists  and  coldest  frosts, 
"With  barest  wrists  and  stoutest  boasts, 
He  thrusts  his  fists  against  the  posts, 
And  still  insists  he  sees  the  ghosts. 


His  falchion  flashed  along  the  Nile  ; 

His  hosts  he  led  through  Alpine  snows; 
O'er  Moscow's  towers,  that  blazed  the  while, 

His  eagle  flag  unrolled  and  froze. 


Slowly  and  sadly  we  laid  him  down, 
From  the  field  of  his  fame  fresh  and  gory. 


I  love  my  coimtry's  pine-clad  hills. 
Her  thousand  bright  and  gushing  rills, 

Her  sunshine  and  her  storms ; 
Her  rough  and  rugged  rocks,  that  rear 
Their  hoary  heads  high  in  the  air, 

In  wild  fantastic  forms. 


And  where  the  finest  streams  through  tangled  forests  stray, 
E'en  there  the  wildest  beasts  steal  forth  upon  their  prey. 


118  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 


EAU'  DE  €0-LOGNE',  (o'de-ko-lOne',)  n.  Fr.  A  perfumed  spirit,  originally 
prepared  at  Cologne. 

EGPl'E-LON,  (esh'e-lon,)  n.  Fr.  In  military  tactics,  the  position  of  an  army 
in  the  form  of  steps,  or  with  one  division  more  in  advance  than  another. 

E'ER,  (ar.)    Contracted  from  ever,  used  in  poetry,  and  sometimes  in  prose. 

E-GR£'6I0US,  (e-grejus,)  a.  Used  mostly  in  a  bad  sense;  as,  an  egre- 
gious mistake,  rascal,  &c. 

El'THER,  (e'ther  or  I'ther.)  The  former  prommciation  prevails  in  Amer- 
ica, the  latter  in  England. 

EL-EE-MOS'Y-NA-RY,  a.  Given  in  charity,  relating  to  charitable  dona* 
tions. 

E-LEVE',  (S-lave',)  n.  Fr.    One  brought  up  or  protected  by  another. 

E-LITE',  (a-leet',)  n.  Fr.    A  choice  or  select  body. 

E-LYS'IAN,  (e-lizh'yan,)  a.    Exceedingly  delightful. 

E-LYS'IUJI,  (e-lizh  yum,)  n.  In  mythology,  a  place  for  happy  Bouls  after 
death. 

EM-BON-POINT',  (iing-bong-pwa',)  Fr.    Plumpness  of  body  or  person. 

EM-EN-DA'TION,  n.    The  act  of  altering  for  the  better,  correction. 

E-MEUTE',  (a-raiit',)  n.  Fr.    A  seditious  commotion  or  mob. 

EM-PY-RE'AN,  n.    The  highest  heaven. 

EN-AM'OR-ED,  (en-am'urd,)  pp.  or  a.  Inflamed  with  love,  charmed,  de- 
lighted. 

EN-CIENTE',  (iing-sant',)  a.    In  law,  pregnant— with  child. 

EN-CHANT'LNG,  a.    Delighting,  charming,  ravishing. 

EN-eORE',  (ang-kore',)  Fr.    Once  more— again. 

E-NERV'ATE,  v.  t.    To  weaken— to  render  feeble. 

E-NERV'A-TED,pp.  or  o.    Weakened— enfeebled. 

E-NERV'A-TING,  ppr.  or  a.    Depriving  of  force  or  vigor. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  IMARlNE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BQQK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  119 

EN-FI-LADE',  v.  t.    To  rake  with  shot  in  the  direction  of  a  line 

EN-FRAN'CHI$E,  (-chiz.)    To  set  free ;  to  liberate  from  slavery. 

EN-FRAN'CHIS-ED,  (en-fran'chizd,)  pp.  or  a.  Admitted  to  the  rights  of 
freemen. 

EN'GINE,  (en'jin,)  n.  A  machine  for  the  production  or  multiplication  of 
mechanical  powers. 

EN"GLISH,  (ing'glish,)  a.    Belonging  to  England  or  its  inhabitants. 

EN"GLAND,  (ing'land,)  n.    One  of  the  three  British  islands. 

EN-HANCE',  (en-hans',)  v.  t.    To  raise,  to  advance,  to  highten. 

EN  MASSE',  (ang-mass',)  Fr.    In  the  mass  or  whole  body. 

EN-NUr,  (ang-we',)  Fr.    Dullness  of  spirit — languor. 

EN  PAS'SANT,  (ang-pas'sang,)  Fr.    In  passing— by  the  way. 

EN  ROUTE',  (ang-root',)  Fr.    Upon  the  road— in  progi-ess. 

EN-SEM'BLE,  (iing-siim'bl,)  n.  Fr,  The  whole— all  the  pai-ts  taken  to- 
gether. 

EN-TRANCED,  (en-transt',)  pp.  or  a.    Put  in  a  trance— enraptured. 

EN'TRE  NOUS,  (ang'tr-noo,)  Fr.    Between  ourselves. 

EN'TRE-POr,  (ang'tr-p5',)  Fr.    A  warehouse  for  the  deposit  of  goods. 

EN'VEL-OPE,  (iing'vel-5pe,)  n.  Fr.    A  wrapper,  an  inclosing  cover. 

E-QUA-NIM'I-TY,  n.    Evenness  of  mind— not  easily  elated  or  depressed. 

EQ'UI-PA6E,  (ek'we-paje,)  n.    Accouterments,  retinue. 

£RE,  (Sr,)  adv.  or  prep.    Before— sooner  than. 

ES'PI-0N-A6E,  (es'pe-on-aje,)  n.    The  practice  or  employment  of  spies. 

ES-PRir  DE  CORPS',  (es-prS'de-kor',)  Fr.  The  spu-it  of  the  body  or  so- 
ciety ;  as,  from  association. 

E-TAT'  MA'JOR,  (a-ta'mii'zhor.)    Officers  and  sub-offlcers. 

ET-I-QtJETTE',  (et-e-ket',)  n.    Forms  of  ceremony  or  decorum. 

EU-RO-PE'AN,  a.    Pertaining  to  Europe. 

EV'ER-Y,  a.    Each  one  of  a  whole  number. 

EWE,  (yu,)  n.    A  female  sheep. 

EX-A-CER'BATE,  v.  t.    To  irritate— to  exasperate. 

TONE  BULL,  TINITE.— AN"GER,  VI'CIOUS.-C  asK;6asJ;Sa8Z; 
CH  as  Sli ;  TH  as  in  THIS. 


120  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

EX-A-CER'BA-TED,  ^eks-a-ser'ba-ted,)  pp.    Exasperated. 

EX-A-CER'BA-TING,  (eks-a-cer'ba-ting,)  ppr.    Exasperating, 

EX  €A-TH£'DRA,  L.    With  authority,  or  dogmatism. 

EX-CUR  SION,  (eks-kur'shun,)  n.    A  rambling,  a  jouj-ney,  digression. 

EX  NE-CES-Sl-TA'TE,  i>.    Of  necessity. 

EX'OR-CISM,  n.    The  expulsion  of  evil  spirits  from  persons  or  places. 

EX  PAR'TE,  L.    On  one  side  only. 

EX'PLE-TIVE,  n.    In  language,  words  or  syllables  not  necessary  to  the 

sense. 
EX-PO-SE',  (eks-po-z5',)  n.  Fr.    A  formal  statement  or  recital. 
EX'QUI-SITE,  (eks'kwe-zit,)  a.    Nice,  exact,  very  excellent. 
EX'TANT,  a.    In  being — now  subsisting. 
EX-TEM'PO-RE,  adv.    Without  previous  study. 

EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RY,  (eks-tror'de-na-ry,)  a.    Uncommou— wonderful. 
EX-ULT',  (egz-ult'j)  v.  i.    To  rejoice — to  triumph. 


THE  FRENCH  PRESIDENT. 

The  empyrean  rung  with  egregious  and  extraordi- 
nary plaudits  when  the  enfranchised  citizens  of  France, 
en  masse,  elevated  Louis  Bonaparte  to  the  highest 
office  in  their  gift. 

Jree  from  the  ennui  and  enervating  influences  of 
confinement,  we  see  him  at  once  entranced  and  enam- 
ored with  power ;  looking  to  the  soldiery  as  the  most 
powerful  engine  to  enhance  his  authority,  he,  by  some 
species  of  exorcism,  contrives  to  eradicate  republican 
tendencies,  particularly  with  the  etat-major,  and  sub- 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  121 

stitute  in  their  place  opinions  more  congenial  with  his 
own  ambition. 

If  he  would  enfranchise  those  whom  he  has  dis- 
franchised ;  if  he  would  cease  to  enei-vate  industry  by 
his  immense  military  establishment,  which  has  con- 
tributed to  exacerbate  the  feelings  of  economists  ;  if  he 
would  abohsh  his  system  of  espionage,  and  reduce  to 
republican  dimensions  his  exquisite  etiquette  and  equi- 
page, so  enchanting  to  the  elite,  ere  long  he  might 
obtain  more  than  a  European  celebrity,  and  the 
friends  of  enervated  industry,  and  universal  liberty 
throughout  England  and  America,  would  have  occa- 
sion to  exult  over  the  prospects  of  the  future.  Proba- 
bly the  president  considers  the  word  republic  a  mere 
expletive,  and,  if  it  were  possible,  would  most  heartily 
wish  it  transferred  to  the  vocabulary  of  Elysium,  it 
having  so  often  disturbed  the  equanimity  of  his  mind. 
If  the  work  he  is  said  to  have  written  is  still  extant, 
and  if  he  have  occasion  to  revise  it,  there  will  undoubt- 
edly be  many  important  emendations.  The  eleemosy- 
nary institutions  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Elysian  Fields 
should  be  placed  upon  a  footing  so  as  to  ccmpare 
favorablv  with  those  of  the  Enghsh. 
11 


122  MISCELLANEOUS  "WORDS. 


F. 

FA-^ADE',  (fa-sade',)  77.  Fr.    Front  view  of  an  edifice. 

FA'CIAL,  (fa'shal,)  a.    Pertaining  to  the  face. 

FACILE,  (fas'il,)  a.    Easy,  pliant,  courteous. 

FAC-TO'TU.M,  71.    A  person  employed  to  do  all  kinds  of  work. 

FA-MIL-IAR'I-TY,  (fa-ini!-yar'e-te,)  n.    Intimacy,  freedom  from  ceremony 

FAST,  adv.    Swiftly,  rapidly. 

FA-RI'N.'V,  n.    Pollen  ;  the  flour  of  any  species  of  corn. 

FAS-TID'I-OUS,  (fas-tid'e-us,)  a.    Over-nice— difficult  to  please. 

FAU'BGURG,  (fu'boorg,)  n.  Fr.    A  suburb  in  French  cities. 

FAU'CET,  (faw'set,)  n.    An  instrument  for  drawing  liquids  from  casks. 

FAUX'-PAS,  (fo'-pii,)  Fr.    A  ;nistake— a  false  step. 

FAU-TEUIL',  (fo-tcul',)  n.  Fr.    An  arm-chair — an  easy-chair. 

FA'VOR-ITE,  (fa'vur-it,)  a.    Regarded  with  affection. 

FEAT'IIRE,  (fSat'yur.)  n.    The  make  or  form  of  face,  lineament,  outline. 

FKTE,  (mte,)  71.  Fr.    A  festival  holiday. 

FKTE  CHAM-PKTRE',  (fat-sham-patr',)  n.  Fr.    A  festival  in  the  open  air. 

FET'I-CHISM,  (fet'e-shizm,)  n.    The  worship  of  trees,  stones,  &c. 

FET'lD,  a.    Having  an  offensivo  smell. 

FIG'TIRE,  (fig'yur,)  v.  i.    To  make  a  show. 

FI-NA'LE,  (fe-nii'le,)  n.  It.    Close— termination. 

Fi-NANCE',  (fe-nans',)  n.    Revenue— income. 

Fl-N.^N'CES,  (fe-nan'cez,)  71.7?;.    Funds  in  the  treasury— revenue. 

FI-NAN'CIAL,  (fe-nan'shal,)  a.    Pertaining  to  public  revenue. 

FIN-AN-CI£R',  (fin-an-seer',)  n.    One  skilled  in  money  matters. 

Fi-NESSE',  (.'e-ness',)  n.    Artifice — stratagem. 

FIS'STIRE,  (fish'yur,)  71.    A  longitudinal  opening. 

FLA€'C1D,  (flak'sid,)  a.    Soft  and  weak— limber. 

FLAUNT,  V.  i.    To  display  ostentatiously. 

:  -  ■'■->.:  ^    ■'-■'■  a 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— IMETE,  PRSY.- PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BOQK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WOKDS.  l^S 

FLOR'IN,  n.    A  Eui-opean  coin  of  different  values. 

FOR'EIGN-ER,  (for'in-er,)  n.    One  bom  in  a  foreign  countrj-. 

FO-REN'SI€,  a.    Belonging  to  courts  of  judicature. 

FORTE,  n.  Fr.    The  strong  point— the  art  in  which  one  excels. 

FOR'TE,  (for'ta,)  adv.    A  direction  to  sing  or  play  with  force. 

FOR-TIS'SI-MO,  It.    In  music,  a  direction  to  sing  with  the  utmost  strength 

or  loudness. 
FORT'NIGHT,  (fort'nlte,)  n.    Two  weeks. 
FOR'TIJNE,  (fort'yun,)  n.    Luck — possessions— wealth. 
FRANCE.    A  countiy  in  the  west  of  Europe. 
FRA-TER'NIZE,  v.  i.    To  associate  or  hold  fellowship  as  brothera. 
FRERE,  (frare,)  n.  Fr.    A  brother. 
FO'TIIRE,  (fut'yur,)  n.    Time  to  come. 


THE  FETE  CE/OIPETRE  K  PAKIS. 

The  ffite  champetre,  which  is  sometimes  held  as 
often  as  once  in  each  fortnight,  is  attended  by  citizens 
from  every  faubourg  in  Paris. 

The  sharp  financier,  in  a  fair  way  to  accumulate  a 
fortune,  leaves  finances  and  financial  matters  with  his 
factotum,  who  is  taking  his  first  lessons  in  finance. 

The  fastidious  foreigner,  for  the  first  time  in  France, 
travels  fast  in  order  to  fraternize  with  his  freres,  and 
part  with  his  florins  at  the  fete. 

The  dwellers   in   fetid   alleys   and   narrow  fissures 

TONE,  BULL,  TJNITE.— AN"GER,  VI"CIOUS.— €  as  K;  6  as^J;  S  as  Z 
CH  as  BH  ;  Til  as  in  THIS. 


124  MISCELLANEOUS  "WORDS. 

pour  forth,  with  flaccid  muscles,  to  flaunt  and  figure  in 
their  favorite  walks. 

The  fagade  of  a  beautiful  structure  is  decorated  with 
various  designs,  and,  as  the  festival  approaches  its 
finale,  a  facile  speaker  of  broad  facial  angle,  and  of 
undoubted  famiharity  with  forensic  finesse,  expatiates 
on  the  glories  of  the  future.  Art  and  nature  have  done 
so  much  for  Paris,  that  there  is  a  trace  of  fetichisra 
discoverable  in  the  religious  sentiment  of  its  inhabit- 
ants. 


The  Storm. 


A  drowsy  stillness  steals  along  the  plain ; 
The  leaves  hang  motionless  on  every  tree  ; 
The  twittering  swallow  glides  along  the  ground, 
While  cautious  pigeons  seek  the  sheltering  eave? 
The  geese,  that  o'er  the  green  so  stately  stalked. 
Fly  toward  the  gloomy  west  with  heavy  wing. 
And  give  a  noisy  welcome  to  the  rain. 
The  cattle  from  the  hills  come  early  home, 
And  from  the  fallow  ground  the  laborer  turns, 
Long  ere  the  hour  of  sunset,  with  an  eye 
That  reads  the  secrets  of  the  heavens  as  well 
As  though  it  opened  first  in  Chaldea's  land. 
Along  the  road  the  mimic  whirlwind  runs, 
And  with  its  unseen  fingers  lifts  the  dust; 
The  town-retarning  wagon  faster  moves, 
And  down  the  hill,  and  o'er  the  sandy  plain. 
The  village  Jehu  makes  the  coach-wheels  spin 
His  horn's  wild  music  swelling  on  the  ear. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  126 


O. 

GAE  LI€,  (ga'lik,)  n.    The  language  of  the  Highlanders  of  Scotland. 

GAIU'ISH,  (gar'ish,)  a.    Gaudy,  showy. 

GAL' LOWS,  (gal'lus,)  n.  An  instrument  for  the  execution  of  criminals  by 
hanging. 

GAL'VES-TON,  n.    A  town  in  Texas. 

G.^N-Y-ME'DE,  (gan-e-mg'de.)  In  mythology,  the  cup-bearer  of  the  Im- 
mortals. 

GAM'UT,  n.    A  scale  on  which  notes  in  music  are  printed, 

GASP,  n.    The  act  of  opening  the  mouth  to  catch  the  breath. 

GAPE,  v.  i.    To  yawn ;  to  open  the  mouth  wide,  from  sleepiness. 

GAUNT,  (giint,)  a.    Vacant,  hollow,  empty. 

GEN-DARME',  (zhan-darm',)  n.  Fr,  In  France,  one  of  a  select  body  of 
troops. 

ftES'TIIRE,  (jest'yur,)  n.  A  motion  of  the  body  or  limbs  expressive  of 
sentiment  or  passion. 

GEY'SER,  (gi'ser,)  n.    The  name  of  certain  fountains  in  Iceland. 

GHAST'LY,  a.    Death-like— dismal. 

fil-RAFFE',  (je-raf,)  n.    The  camelopard. 

GLA'CIER,  (gla'seer,)  n.    A  field  of  ice  in  the  valleys  of  the  Alps. 

GLANCE,  M.    A  momentary  view. 

GLANCED,  (glanst,)  pp.    Shot  or  darted  suddenly. 

GLASS,  n.    A  hard,  brittle  transparent  substance. 

GLO'RI-A  IN  EX-CEL'SIS,  L.    Glory  in  the  highest. 

GNEISS,  (nice,)  n.  A  species  of  rock  composed  of  quartz,  feldspar,  and 
mica. 

GOL'GOTH-A,  n.    St.  Matthew  27th  chap.  33d  verse. 

GON'DO-LA,  n.    A  Venetian  pleasure-boat. 


FATE,  I'AR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARlNK,  BiRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WOLF,  BOOK.— TUNE,  BULL,  IGNITE.— AN* 
GER,  V1"CI0US.— €  as  K ;  6  as  J  ;  S  as  Z ;  CH  as  SH  ;  TH  as  In  THISL 
11* 


126  MISCELLANEOUS  WOUDS. 

GOR'GEOUS,  (gorjus,)  a.    Showy— splendid. 

GRAD'TJ-AL,  (grad'yu-iJ..'  a.    Proceeding  by  steps  or  degrees. 

GRAFT,  V.  t.    To  insert  a  bud  or  cion  into  another  tree. 

GRAND'EUR,  (grand'yur,)  n.    Greatness— magnificence. 

GRAND-VIZ'IER,  (-vizh'yer,)  n.    The  chief  minister  of  the  Turkish  empire. 

GRANT,  n.    The  act  of  granting— a  gift. 

GRASP,  V.  i.    To  catch— to  seize. 

GRASS,  n.    Herbage. 

GREASE,  (greze,)  v.  t.    To  smear  or  daub  with  grease  or  fat. 

GREASE,  (grees,)  n.    Animal  fat  in  a  soft  state. 

GREAS'Y,  (greez'y,)  a.    Oily— unctuous. 

GREAS'ED,  (greezd,)  pp.    Smeared  with  oily  matter. 

GRI-MACE',  (gre-mase',)  n.    A  distortion  of  the  countenance. 

GRI-MAC'ED,  (gre-mast',)  a.    Distorted— having  a  crabbed  look. 

GRIND'STONE,  n.    A  flat  circular  stone  used  for  sharpening  tools. 

GRl'SONS,  (gre'zunz.)  n.  pi.    The  inhabitants  of  the  Eastern  Swiss  Alps. 

GROAT,  (grawt,)  n.    An  English  coin,  equal  to  fourpence. 

GROS,  Cgro,)  Fr.  Thick,  strong:  used  in compomid words ;  as, gros-de-nap, 
gros-de-tours. 

GUA'NO,  n.    Excrement  of  sea-fowls,  used  as  a  manure. 

GUARD'I-AN,  (gard'e-an,)  n.  A  warden— one  to  whom  any  thing  is  com- 
mitted for  safe  keeping. 

GUIL'LO-TiNE,  (gil'lo-tecn,)  n.  Fr.  A  machine  for  beheading  persons  at  a 
stroke. 

GUM-AR'A-Bie,  n.     A  gum  from  Arabia,  Egypt,  &c. 

6Yai-NA'SI-UM,  (jira-na'ze-um,)  n.  A  place  where  athletic  exercises  are 
performed. 

6YVES,  (jTvez,)  n.    Fellers. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.- 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  KQOK.- TCNE,  BULL,  TJNITE.— AN 
GER,  Vl'ClOL'S.— €  aa  K ;  6  as  J  ;  S  as  Z  ;  CH  as  SH ;  TH  as  in  THIS 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  127' 


THE  MAN  m  THE  RAILROAD  CAR. 

A  TALL,  gaunt  man,  with  his  head  almost  as  high  as 
that  of  a  giraffe,  waa  descanting  with  much  gesture,  in 
a  raih'oad  car,  on  some  of  the  events  of  his  hfe.  He 
remarked  that  while  he  was  a  gendarme,  during  the 
French  Revolution,  he  narrowly  escaped  the  ghastly 
guillotine  or  galloAVs,  and,  without  a  groat,  found  his 
way  to  the  highlands  in  Scotland,  where  he  acquired  a 
smattering  of  Gaelic,  visited  Iceland,  took  a  glance  at 
the  Geysers,  departed  thence  for  Venice,  where  he  had 
notice  of  a  grant  of  land  in  his  favor. 

He  then  opened  a  gymnasium,  was  successful  in 
business,  and  being  now  indoctrinated  with  republican 
principles,  he  determined  to  emigrate  to  America. 
But  before  leaving  the  old  country,  he  made  a  short 
Eastern  tour.  At  Constantinople  he  received  a  friendly 
grasp  from  the  hand  of  the  Grand-Vizier.  Spoke  of 
the  gorgeous  grandeur  of  a  sunset  on  the  Alps,  as  the 
rays  of  the  sun  glanced  on  the  glaciers  of  the  Grisons. 
Described  the  gairish  gondolas  of  Venice,  and  other 
things  not  necessary  to  be  recorded  in  this  brief  para- 
graph. He  finally  located  on  a  farm  near  Galveston, 
in  Texas,  and  understood  enough  of  mineralogy  to  dis- 
tinguish the  difference  between  gneiss  and  feldspar,  and 


128  MIf5CELLAXEntTS  WORDS. 


enough  of  horticulture  to  graft  his  fruit-trees  scientifi- 
cally, using  gum-arabic  to  protect  the  incision  from  the 
air.  By  the  help  of  guano  he  raised  fine  grass,  turned 
his  grindstone  by  water-power,  covered  his  hot-beds 
with  glass  frames,  made  no  grimace  when  the  tax- 
collector  called  on  him,  and  he  has  determined,  until 
the  last  gasp,  to  remain  a  guardian  of  republican  in- 
stitutions. 


For  Articulation  and  Spelling. 

A  benevolent  disposition  is  manifested  in  beneficent  ac- 
tions. 

One  important  recommendation  of  politeness  is,  that  it 
serves  to  promote  human  happiness. 

I  would  earnestly  solicit  an  expression  of  your  opinion. 

He  is  an  illiterate  man,  and  can  not  be  expected  to  take 
an  interest  in  literary  matters. 

The  speaker  had  a  guttural  quality  in  his  utterance, 
which  he  endeavored,  by  strenuous  efforts,  to  overcome. 

A  model  vessel  is  struggling  amidst  the  war  of  elements, 
quivering  and  shivering,  shrinking  and  battling  like  a  liv- 
ing, thinking  being.  The  merciless,  racking  whirlwinds, 
like  frightful  fiends,  howl  and  moan,  and  send  sliarp,  shrill 
shrieks  through  the  creaking  cordage,  snapping  the  sheets 
and  masts. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  ]  29 


II. 

IIAOI-EN'DA,  (hil-se-en'dii,')  S;).    An  isolated  farm  of  farm-house. 

HA€K'NEY-ED,  (hak'nid,)  pp.  or  a.    Used  much  or  in  common— practiced. 

HAL'CY-ON,  (hal'se-on,)  a.    Cahn,  peaceful,  happy,  quiet. 

HALF,  (hiir,)  pi.  HALVES,  (havz,)  n.  One  part  of  a  thing  which  is  di- 
vided into  two  equal  parts. 

BALF'-PA Y,  n.    Half  the  amount  of  wages  or  salary. 

HJVL'I-BUT,  n.    A  fish  of  the  genus  Hippoglossus. 

HAND'KER-CHIEF,  (hank'er-chif,)  n.  A  piece  of  silk  or  linen  used  tor 
cleaning  the  face. 

HA-RANGUE',  (ha-rang',)  v.  i.    To  make  an  address  or  speech. 

HAR'ASS,  V.  t.    To  weary — to  fatigue  to  excess. 

HAR' ASS-ED,  (har'ast,)  pp.    Wearied,  tired,  teased. 

HAR'EM,  n.  The  division  alloted  to  females  in  the  large  dwelling-house* 
of  the  East. 

HAUNT,  (hiint,)  iu    A  place  to  which  one  frequently  resorts. 

HAU-TEUR',  (ho-tQre'  or  ho-taur',)  n.  Fr.    Pride— haughtiness. 

HEARTH,  (hiirth,)  71.    A  pavement  in  a  chimney,  on  which  a  flre  is  madi 

HEIGH'-HO,  (hi'-ho.)  An  exclamation  expressing  some  degree  of  langu^f 
or  uneasiness. 

HEIN'OUS,  (ha'nus,)  a.    Odious— enomious — aggravated. 

HEM'1S-T1€H,  (hem'e-slik,)  n.    Half  a  poetic  verse. 

HEM'OR-RHA6E,  (hem'ur-raje,)  n.  Any  discharge  of  blood  flX)m  vc5b..'>lf 
destined  to  contain  it. 

HER-E-DIT'A-MENT,  n.    Any  species  of  pioperty  that  may  be  inherited. 

HER'O-INE,  (her'o-in,)  n.    A  female  hero. 

HER'0-ISM,  n.    The  qualities  of  a  hero— bravery,  courage. 

HER'RING,  n.    A  fish  of  the  genus  Clupea. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALI^  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BTRlJ.w 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BOQK.— TONE,  BULL,  IJNITE,  Al 
GER,  Vr'CIOUS.— €  as  K  ;  G  as  J  ;  S  as  Z  ;  CH  as  SM  ;  TH  as  in  TfHS, 


130  MISCELLAXF.OUS  1V0T?D3. 

HI€'€OUGH,  (bik'up,)  n.    Convulsive  catch  of  the  respiratoii;-  musclsc 

HOGS'HEAD,  (hogz'hed,)  n.    A  largo  cask. 

HOME'LY,  a.    Plain,  not  handsonse. 

HOME-OP' A-THIST,  n.    A  believer  in  homeopathy. 

HO-JIE-OP'A-THY.    The  doctrine  or  theory  of  cui-ing  diseases  with  yery 

minute  doaes  of  medicine,  by  producing  in  the  patient  affections  similar 

to  those  of  the  disease. 
HOS'PI-TA-BLE,  a.    Kind  to  strangers  and  guests. 
HOS'PI-TA-BLY,  adv.    With  kindness  to  strangers  and  guests. 
HC'GUE-NOT,  (hu'ge-not.)  n.    A  name  formerly  given  to  a  Protestant  in 

France. 
HUR-RA',  exelam.    A  shout  of  joy  or  exultation. 
Hf-DROP' A-THIST,  n.    One  who  practices  hydropathy. 
Ht'-DROP'A-THY,  n.    A  mode  of  treating  diseases  by  the  use  of  water. 
Hf-6I-£NE',  71.    The  art  of  preserving  health. 
HY-PO€;'Rl-SY,  (hip-pok're-sy,)  n.    Simulatioti,  false  pretense. 


THE  IJfVALID. 

An  officer  who  had  reth-ed  on  half-pay,  and  who  had 
long  been  harassed  by  disease,  which  lie  had  borne 
with  heroism,  was  very  hospitably  received  at  the  Haci- 
enda of  a  Spanish  gentleman  in  the  Island  of  Cuba. 
The  few  hereditaments  left  him  by  the  will  of  his 
father  had  been  mostly  disposed  of,  so  that  he  plead 
guilty  to  the  heinous  crime  of  being  poor.  Eut  hypoc- 
risy, and  prido,  or  hauteur,  and  many  of  the  hackneyed 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  131 

sins  of  the  day,  found  no  congenial  place  in  his  dis- 
position. 

During  his  halcyon  days,  he  had  cultivated  poetry  in 
Lis  rural  haunts ;  and  while  finishing  a  hemistich,  was 
suddenly  taken  with  a  hemorrhage  of  the  lungs. 

A  kind  lady,  a  descendant  from  a  Huguenot  family, 
and  who  understood  the  principles  of  hygiene,  became 
his  nurse.  She  was  a  hydropathist  to  a  hmited  extent, 
and  also  a  homeopathist.  But  neither  hydropathy  nor 
homeopathy  was  of  much  avail  at  first.  The  disease 
continued  to  harass  him.  He  was  drenched  with  half 
a  hogshead  of  water  every  day,  and  this  sudden  shock 
would  cause  a  hiccough  or  spasm  of  the  respiratory 
muscles.  Our  heroine,  with  her  white  handkerchief 
tied  around  her  head,  was  almost  a  constant  attendant 
at  the  homely  hearth  of  the  sick  man,  whose  occasional 
heiffh-ho  indicated  much  restlessness.  But  after  a  short 
relapse,  occasioned  by  a  free  indulgence  of  his  appetite 
for  halibut  and  herrings,  he  was  gradually  restored  to 
health,  through  the  kind  and  hospitable  treatment  of 
his  physician  and  friends. 


132  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 


I. 

I-€ON'0-€LAST,  (i-k.in'o-klast,)  n.    A  destroyer  of  images. 

ID-E-OL'0-GY,  71.    A  treatise  on  ideas. 

I'nYL,  (I'dil,)  71.    A  short  poem. 

IG-NO'BLE,  a.    Of  low  birth  or  family — mean,  worthless. 

IL-LUS'TRA-TIVE,  a.    Having  the  quality  of  making  clear. 

IL'LUS-TRA-TOR,  n.    One  who  illustrates  or  makes  clear. 

IM'BE-CILE,  (im'be-sil,)  a.    Weak  in  body  or  mind. 

IM'BE-CILE,  (im'be-sil,)  n.    One  destitute  of  strength,  either  of  body  or  mind. 

IM-BROGL'IO,  (im-brol'yo,)  It.    In  the  drama,  a  compUcaied  plot. 

IM-PASS'A-BLE,  a.    That  can  not  be  passed. 

IM'PE-TUS,  n.    Force  or  motion,  by  which  any  thing  is  impelled. 

IM-PRI-MA'TUR,  n.  {L.  let  it  be  printed.)     A  license  to  print  a  book. 

IM-PROV'I-SATE,  a.    Unpremeditated. 

IM-PROV-I-SA'TION,  n.  Act  of  making  poetry  or  performing  music  ex- 
temporaneously. 

IM-PROV-I-SA-TO'RE,  (im-prov-e-sa-to're,)  n.  It.  A  man  who  makes  rhymes 
and  short  poems  extemporaneously. 

IM-PROV-I-SA-TRl'CE,  (im-prov-e-sa-trg'cha,)  n.  It.  A  woman  who  makes 
rhymes  or  short  poems  extemporaneously. 

TM-PR0-V1$E',  (im-pro-veez',)  v.  i.    To  speak  extemporaneously. 

IN-AM-O-RA'TO,  n.  m.  ) 

>  (L.  in  and  amor,  love.)     A  lover. 
IN-AM-O-RA'TA,  7!./.  S 

IN-CI'SIVE,  (in-sy'siv,)  a.    Having  the  quality  of  cutting.    Incisive  teeth  in 

animals  are  the  fore-teeth. 

IN-crsOR,  (in-sy'sor,)  n.    A  cutter — a  fore-tooth. 

IN-€OM'PA-RA-BLE,  a.    That  admits  of  no  comparison  with  others. 

IN-eOM'PA-RA-BLY,  adv.    Beyond  comparison. 

IN-€ON"GRU-0US,  (in-kong'gru-ous,)  a.    Unsuitable,  inconsistent. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.-METE,  PRF.Y.-PINE,  MARJNE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  VVQLF,  BQQK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  133 

IN'€U-BUS,  71.    The  nightmare— a  demon. 

IN'DIA,  (ind'yii,)  n.    A  coiuitry  in  Asia,  so  named  from  the  river  Indus, 

IN'DIAN,  (ind'yan,)  n.    A  native  of  the  Indies,  or  ono  of  the  aboritpues  of 

America. 
IN'DIES,  (ind'yez,)  n.pl.    Of  India. 

IN-DIS'PU-TA-BLE,  a.    Not  to  be  disputed— incontrovertible. 
IN-DIS'PU-TA-RLY,  adv.    Without  dispute. 
IN-ER'TIA,  (in-er'sha,)  n.    Inertness,  in.lispcisition  to  move. 
IN-EX'ORA  BLE,  a.    Not  to  be  persuaded  by  entreaty,  unyielding, 
IN-EX'O-RA-B  L Y,  adv.    So  as  to  be  immovable  by  entreaty. 
IN-EX'PLI-€A-BLE,  a.    That  can  not  be  explained. 
IN  EX-TEN'SO,  L.    Fully,  at  full  length. 
IN-EX'TRI-€A-BLE,  a.     Not  to  be  disentangled. 

IN-EX'TRI-€A-BLY,  adL\   To  a  degree  of  perplexity  not  to  be  disentangled. 
IN'FANT-ILE,  a.    Pertaining  to  infancy,  or  to  an  infant. 
IN'FI-NITE,  (in'fe-nit,)  a.     Without  limits,  unbounded. 
IN-FIN-I-TES'I-MAL,  a.    Infmitely  small. 
IN-GRA'TlATE,  (in-gr5'shate,)  v.  t.    To  commend  one's  self  to  another's 

good- will. 
IN-GRA'TIA-TED.  (in-gr5'sh5-ted,)  pp.    Commended  one's  self  to  another's 

favor. 
IN-H0S'PI-TA-3LE,  a.    Not  disposed  to  entertain  strangers. 
IN-HOS'PI-TA-BLY,  adv.    Unkindly  to  strangers. 
IN-r"i'lATE,  (in-ish'ate,)  v.  t.    To  instruct,  to  introduce  into  a  new  state  or 

society. 
IN-1"T1A-TED,  (in-ish'5t-ted,)  pp.  or  a.    Instnicted,  entered. 
IN-1"TIA-T0-RY,  (in-ish'a-to-ry,)  a.     Introductory. 
IN-QUI'KY,  71.     The  act  of  inquiring,  interrogation. 
IN-SATIA-CLE,  (in-s5'sha-bl,)  a.    Incapable  of  being  satisfied. 
IN-SIG'NI-A,  an-sig'ne-ah,)  n.pl.    B.idgcs  or  marks  by  which  any  thing  is 

distinguished. 


TCNE,  BULL,  tINITE.— AN"GER,  VI"CIOUS.— €  aaK;Ca8J;SasZ; 
CM  as  ?H  ;  TH  as  in  THIS 
12 


134  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

IN-SI'TU,  Z,.    In  its  original  situation  or  bed. 

IN  STA-TU  QUO,  L.    In  the  former  state  or  condition. 

IN-TACT',  a.     Untouched,  unused. 

IN'TE-GRAL,  a.     Whole,  entire,  making  part  of  a  whole. 

IN-TER'MENT,  n.    The  act  of  depositing  a  dead  body  in  the  earth. 

IN-TER-NA'TION-AL,  o.    Existing  and  regulating  the  mutual  intercoujM 

between  different  nations. 
IN  TER-RO'REM,  A.    For  a  terror  or  warning. 
IN  TOTO,  L.    Wholly,  entirely. 
IN  TRAN'SI-TU,  L.    In  passing,  or  on  the  way  out. 
tN-TJRE',  (in-ySre',)  v.  t.    To  habituate,  to  accustom. 
Df-IJR'ED,  (in-yurd',)  pp.    Accugtonied,  hardened  by  use. 
IR-RE-FRA'GA-BLE,  a.    That  can  not  be  refuted  or  overthrown. 
IR-REP'A-RA-BLE,  a.    That  can  not  be  repaired  or  recovered. 
IR-REFA-R.V-BF.Y,  adv.    In  a  manner  that  precludes  recovery. 
IR-RES'Pl-RA-BLE.  a.    Uuflt  for  respiration ;  as,  irrespirable  air. 
IR-REV'0-€A*BLE,  a.    Not  to  be  recalled  or  revoked. 
in-REV'0-€.\-BLY,  adv.    Beyond  recall. 

IS'O-LA-TED,  pp.  or  a.    Standing  detached  from  others  of  a  like  kin(X. 
lS-0-LA'TION,  n.    State  of  being  isolated. 


RAILROAD  TO  THE  PACIFIC. 

Initiatory  steps  have  recently  been  taken  for  the  con* 
struction  of  a  railroad  over  the  almost  impassable  region 
now  lying  intact  between  the  Mississippi  River  and  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  The  indisputable  impetus  Avhich  would 
be  given  to  the  business  of  the  country,  by  this  incom- 
parable international  communieation,  is  proved  in  an 


MtSCELLAKEOUS  WORTHS.  133 

irrefragable  manner  by  one  who  ia  an  acknowledged 
illustrator  of  the  movement. 

The  productions  of  India  and  the  Indies,  in  transitu 
by  this  route,  will  indisputably  have  a  freshness  and 
flavor  to  which  the  insatiable  gourmand  ia  now  an  utter 
stranger.  Here,  then,  is  a  theme  on  which  the  improv* 
isatore  can  improvise,  with  ample  materials  for  hia 
idyls.  The  loss  of  life  and  property  is  incomparably 
greater  on  the  overland  route  now  than  by  any  other. 
The  emigrant,  though  inured  to  hardship,  meets  with 
irreparable  misfortunes ;  and  when  inextricably  and 
irreparably  involved  in  trouble  by  almost  infinite  priva- 
tions, and  perhaps  even  by  the  interment  of  his  wife  or 
his  child,  whose  infantile  frame  it  was  impossible  for 
him  to  inure  to  the  hardships  of  the  journey,  he  is  then 
in  such  an  imbecile  state  of  body  as  to  make  but  feeble 
resistance  to  the  inhospitable  Indian.  These  illustrative 
remarks  are  designed  to  show  the  fate  which  irrevoca- 
bly attends  those  who  emigrate  by  land  under  existing 
circumstances.  With  a  good  railroad  most  of  these 
difficulties  are,  of  course,  obviated. 

The  incongi-uous  population  of  Europe,  where  inex- 
orable tyranny  sits  like  an  incubus  on  the  people,  on 
arriving  in  this  country  can,  instead  of  dooming  them- 
selves to  inextricable  and  irrevocable  poverty  in  the 
large  Atlantic  cities,  and  inhaling  the  iiTespirable  air 
of  contracted  apartments,  go  at  once  into  the  Western 
country,  where,  instead  of  choosing  isolated  farms,  they 


136  MtSCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

may  build  up  small  villages,  and  establish  schools, 
where  an  integral  education  may  be  obtained,  and  their 
child*'en  may  become  thoroughly  initiated  in  republican 
principles.  It  is  quite  inexplicable  that  so  many  of  the 
pioneers  of  the  West  should  persist  inexorably  in  re- 
maininn:  in  isolation  from  each  other,  rcstinsr  satisfied 
with  the  mere  infinitesimal  amount  of  information  which 
their  children  receive  in  consequence  of  the  disadvan- 
tages of  their  situation. 


For  Articulation  and  Spelling. 

Dividing  and  gliding  and  sliding, 
And  falling  and  brawling  and  sprawling, 
And  driving  and  riving  and  striving, 
And  sprinkling  and  twinkling  and  wrinkling, 
And  sounding  and  bounding  and  rounding, 
And  grumbling  and  rumbling  and  tumbling, 
Delaying  and  straying  and  playing  and  spraying, 
Advancing  and  prancing  and  glancing  and  dancing, 
And  thumping  and  plumping  and  bumping  and  jumping, 
And  dashing  and  flashing  and  splashing  and  clashing. 
And  so  never  ending,  but  always  descending, 
Sounds  and  motions  forever  are  blending. 
All  at  once  and  all  o'er,  with  a  mighty  uproar,— 
And  this  way  the  water  comes  down  at  Lodore. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  l.SY 


J,  K. 

JA€'0-BIN,  (jak'o-bin,)  n.    In  France,  a  violent  revolulionist  in  1769, 

JAG-LJ-AR',  7t.    The  American  tiger  or  ounce  of  Brazil. 

JAL'AP,  n.    The  root  of  a  Mexican  plant,  a  species  of  convolvulus. 

JAUN'DICE,  (jau'dis,)  n.  A  disease  characterized  by  yellowness  of  the 
eyes,  skin,  &c. 

JAUNT,  (jant,)  n.    An  excursion — a  short  journey. 

JAVE'LIN,  (jav'lin,)  n.    A  sort  of  spear  about  five  feet  long, 

JA'VA,  n.    One  of  the  East  India  islands. 

JET  D'EAU',  (zha-do'.)  n.  Fr.    A  throw  of  water. 

JEU'  DE  MOTS',  (zhu'de-mo',)  Fr.    A  play  upon  words— a  pun. 

JEU'  D'ES-PRiT',  (zhu'de-spree',)  n.  Fr.    A  witlicisin— a  play  of  wit  , 

JO-€CSE',  (jo-k5se',)  a.    Given  to  jokes,  merry,  waggish. 

JO€'UND,  (jok'und,)  a.    Gay,  lively,  sportive. 

JOINT'IJRE,  (joict'yur,)  n.  An  estate  settled  on  a  woman  in  consideration 
of  marriage. 

JU-DI"CTA-RY,  (ju-dish'a-re,)  n.  The  system  of  courts  of  justice  in  a  gov- 
ernment. 

JCL'IAN,  (jule'yan,)  a.  Noting  the  old  account  of  the  year,  as  regulated  by 
Julius  C»sar. 

JCN'IOR,  (jun'yor,)  a.    Younger,  not  as  old  as  another. 

JC'ROR,  n.     One  that  serves  on  a  jury. 

KA-LEID'0-S€OPE,  (ka-lyde'o-skope,)  n.    An  instrument  which  exhibila 

an  infinite  variety  of  beautiful  colors  and  forms. 
KETTLE,  (kel'lU)  n.    A  vessel  of  iron  or  other  metal,  used  for  heatmg 

water,  &.c. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE.  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BTRD.— 

NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BOQK.— TUNE,  BULL,  tJNlTE.- AN*- 

GEU,  Vl'CIOUS.— €  83  K  ;  G  as  J ;  S  as  Z ;  CH  as  SH  ;  Til  as  in  THIS. 

12* 


138  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  , 

KHAN,  (kawn,)  n.    Among  the  Tartars,  a  king  or  prince  ;  in  Persia,  a 

governor. 
KlOSK',  (ke-osk',)  n.    A  Turkish  open  summer-house. 
KNOLL,  (nolu.)  n.    A  little  round  hill  or  mount. 
KNOUT,  (nowt,)  ?;.     An  instrument  of  punishment  in  Russia,  consisting  of 

a  strap  of  leather. 
KNOVVL'EDfiE,  (nol'lej,)  n.    Learning,  illumination  of  mind,  skilL 
KRA'AL,  n.    Among  the  Hottentots,  a  village ;  a  collection  of  huts. 


THE    ARTIST. 


An  acquaintance  of  mine,  who  had  some  knowledge 
of  judiciary  matters,  and  who  had  the  previous  day 
been  sitting  as  a  juror  in  settling  a  question  of  jointure, 
made  an  appointment  with  me  to  take  a  short  jaunt, 
for  tlie  purpose  of  visiting  the  rooms  of  a  young  artist. 

On  arriving,  we  found  the  young  aspirant  looking 
somewhat  pale,  having,  by  the  help  of  jalap  and  a 
jocose  disposition,  but  just  recovered  from  an  attack  of 
the  jaundice. 

He  received  us  in  a  jocund  manner,  and  alluding 
wit1i  a  jeu  d'esprit  to  his  recent  illness,  invited  us  to 
examine  his  fanciful  productions.  The  painting  di- 
rectly in  front  of  us  was  of  a  coarse  character,  but  dis- 
played mjLich  artistic  skill  in  design  and  coloring.  It 
represented  a  Hottentot  kraal,  with  one  of  the  natives, 
in  the  act  of  throwing  a  javehn  at  an  animal  resembUng 


MISCELLANEOUS  WOKDS,  139 


the  jaguar  of  South  America,  and  also  in  some  points 
resembhng  the  tiger  of  Java,  while  a  group  of  women 
appeared  to  be  cooking  something  in  a  huge  kettle. 

Further  on  appeared  one  of  the  leading  Jacobins  of 
the  French  Revolution :  he  was  looking  into  a  kaleido- 
scope, while  in  the  foreground  there  was  a  beautiful 
jet  d'eau.  The  last  and  most  finished  painting  we  saw 
represented  the  Khan  of  Tartary,  reclining  in  a  kiosk, 
situated  on  a  knoll,  witnessing  the  punishment  of  a  de- 
linquent by  the  knout.  We  left  our  artist  to  the  quiet 
pursuit  of  his  favorite  occupation,  fully  impressed  with 
the  belief  that  he  was  not  destined  long  to  remain  un- 
known to  fame. 


140  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 


I.. 

LAIRD,  71.    A  person  of  superior  rank,  a  lord:  (Scottish.) 

LAM'ENT-A-BLE,  a.    To  be  lamented,  deserving  sorrow. 

LAM'ENT-A-BLY,  adv.    Mournfully,  with  expressions  of  sorrow. 

LANCE,  (liiiis.)  V.  t.    To  pierce  with  a  lance  or  sharp  instrument. 

LANCED,  (liinst,)  pp.  .  Pierced  with  a  lancet. 

LAND'VVEHR,  (land'ware,)  n.    In  Austria  and  Prussia,  the  mUitia. 

LANG-StNE',  (7<iu.    Long  ago:  (Scottish.) 

LAN"GUOR,  Gang"gwor,)  n.    Feebleness,  dullness,  lassitude  of  body. 

LAR'YNX,  (lar'inks,)  n.    A  cavity  in  the  upper  part  oJ'tho  windpipe. 

LASS,  7t.    A  girl,  applied  particularly  to  a  country  girl. 

LAS'SO,  n.    A  rope  with  a  noose,  used  for  catching  wild  horses. 

J  AST,  a.    The  latest;  as,  the  last  hour,  the  last  week,  &.C 

LAST'ING,  ppr.    Continuing  in  time,  enduring. 

LATH,  n.    A  thin  slip  of  wood,  nailed  to  the  studs  to  support  the  plastering. 

LAUD'A-NUM,  ilawd'a-num,)  n.    Tinctiu-e  of  opium. 

LAUGH,  (liiflf,)  n.    An  expression  of  mirth  peculiar  to  the  human  species. 

LAUGH'A-BLE,  (laff'a-bl,)  a.    That  may  justly  excite  laughter. 

LAUGH'TER,  (liifT'ter,)  n.    Convulsive  merriment. 

LAUNCH,  (liinch,)  v.  t.    To  cause  to  slide  from  the  land  into  the  water. 

LAUN'DRESS,  (Uin'dress,)  n.    A  washerwoman. 

LAUN'DRY,  (liin'dry,)  n.    The  place  where  clothes  arc  washed. 

LA  US  DE'O,  Oauz-de'o,)  L.    Praise  to  God. 

LA'VA.  (lay'vah.)  n.     Mineral  matter  thrown  from  volcanoes. 

LEARN'ED,  (Ifirnd,)  pp.    Obtained,  as  knowledge  or  information. 

LEARN'ED,  (lern'ed,)  a.    Versed  in  literature  and  science. 

LEARN'ED-LY,  (lern'ed-ly,)  adr.    With  learning  or  erudition. 

LEe'TlJRE,  (lekt'yur,)  n.    A  discourse  read  or  pronounced  on  any  subject. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METK,  PRF.Y.— PINE,  MARINE,  HTKD.— 
NO  i-E,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BQQK. 


MISCKLLAKEOUS  WORDS.  141 

LEG' ATE,  n.    An  envoy,  the  pope's  embassador  to  a  foreign  state. 
LlT.'iSEND,  (lee'gend,)  n.    A  chronicle — any  memorial  or  relation. 
LE6'IS-LA-T1VE,  (lej'is  la-tiv,)  a.    Giving  or  enacting  laws,  as  a  legislative 

body.  • 

LEC'IS-LA-TOR,  (lej'is-la-tor,)  n.    One  who  makes  laws  for  a  state. 
LEfi'lS-LA-T^RE,  (led'jis-lat-yur,)  n.    The  body  of  men  in  a  state  who 

make  the  laws. 

Note. — In  the  three  words  above,  the  accent  is  nearly  equal  on  the  first  and  third 
syllables,  and  a  in  the  third  has  its  first  or  long  sound. — Dr,  Webster. 

LE'NI-ENT,  (lee'ne-ent,)  a.    Softening,  mitigating,  assuasive. 

LE'THE,  (le'the,)  n.  In  Greek  mythology,  a  river  of  the  infernal  regions, 
whose  waters  were  said  to  cause  forgetfulness  of  the  past :  hence,  oblivion. 

LET'TUCE,  (let'tis,)  n.    The  popular  name  of  a  salad. 

LEV'KE,  n.  The  bank  of  a  river — the  concourse  of  persons  who  visit  a 
great  personage  in  the  morning. 

LEV'ER,  n.  A  bar  tff  metal  or  wood,  turning  on  a  supporl  called  the  ful- 
crum. 

LEX-IG'RA-PEIY,  n.    The  art  or  practice  of  defining  words. 

LI'AI-SON,  (le'a-zong,)  n.  Fr.    A  union,  or  bond  of  union. 

I.IB'ER-TINE,  (lib'er-tin,)  n.  A  man  who  lives  without  restraint  of  the 
animal  passions. 

LI€'0-RICE,  (lik'o-ris,)  n.  The  name  of  a  plant,  the  root  of  which  abounds 
with  a  sweet  juice. 

LIEC-TEN'ANT,  (lu-ten'ant,)  n.  The  second  commissioned  ofRcer  in  a  com- 
pany, &c. 

HG'NUM-VI'T^,  n.  The  popular  name  of  a  tree  having  its  wood  Ann 
and  solid. 

LI'LAe,  (iT'Iak,)  n.    A  shiub  of  the  genus  Syringa,  a  native  of  Persia. 

LIN'El",  (llne'er,)  n.    A  vessel  belonging  to  a  regular  line  of  packets. 

LIQ'IJID-ATE,  (lili'wid-ate.)    To  clear— to  settle— to  adjust. 

LIQ'UOR,  (lik'ur,)  n.    A.  liquid  or  fluid  substance,  as  milk,  sap. 

TONE,  BULL,  IJNn'E.— AN"GER,  V1"CI0US.— €  as  K  ;  ft  as  J  ;  S  as  C; 
CH  asSH;  TH  as  in  THIS. 


142  MISCELLANEOUS  "WORDS. 

LIT-ER-A'TI,  n.  pi.    The  learned  men,  men  of  erudition. 

LIT'ER-.\-TlJRE,  n.    Learning,  the  collective  body  of  literary  productions. 

LITH'AR6E,  n.    A  semi-vilreous  oxyd  of  lead. 

lil-THOG'RA-PHY,  n.  The  art  of  tracing  desims  on  stone,  and  of  transfer 
ring  them  by  impression. 

LI-THOG'RA-PIIER,  n.    One  who  practices  lithography. 

LOAM,  (lome,)  n.    A  natural  mixture  of  sand  and  clay. 

LOG'I€,  (lod'jik,)  n.    The  art  of  thinking  and  reasoning  justly. 

LOU'IS-D'OR',  (loo'e-d5re',)  n.  Fr.  A  gold  coin  of  France,  equal  to  ab(  ut 
$4.44. 

LUM-BA'GO,  71.    A  pain  in  the  loins  and  small  of  the  back. 

LU'SUS  NA-TU'R/E,  L.    Sport  or  freak  of  nature. 

Lf-CE'U.M,  (li-se  um,)  n.  A  literary  society — a  house  appropriated  to  in- 
struction by  lectiues,  &.C. 


CONGRESS. 


There  are  many  laughable  as  well  as  lamentable 
events  transpiring  during  some  of  the  sessions  of  our 
national  legislature.  But  during  the  last  session  of 
this  learned  body  of  legislators,  in  Avhich  the  com- 
promise bill  was  duly  consigned  to  the  waters  of  Lethe, 
there  was  not  much  occasion  for  laughter,  or  hardly 
any  thing  occurring  to  create  a  laugh,  owing  to  the 
agitated  state  of  the  country,  and  the  importance  of 
the  questions  to  be  settled  by  the  legislative  wisdom  of 
the  representatives  of  the  people. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  143 

About  the  middle  of  the  session,  a  member  of  the 
house  began  to  launch  forth  very  learnedly  into  a  wide 
field  of  discussion :  he  charged  those  with  whom  he 
differed  in  opinion  as  being  lamentably  deficient  in  human 
foresight,  exposed  the  logic  of  his  opponents,  repeated 
a  legend  about  literature,  which  was  perfectly  applica- 
ble to  the  subject,  and  made  a  lasting  impression  on 
the  minds  of  some  of  his  auditors. 

One  gentleman  who  listened  to  the  speech,  and  who 
had  visited  Washington  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  a 
patent  for  the  manufacture  of  lath,  and  litharge  from  a 
species  of  loam,  spoke  quite  favorably  of  the  effort  of 
the  member. 

A  valuable  and  influential  member  of  the  house  was 
taken  with  lumbago  in  the  month  of  March,  in  conse- 
quence of  some  exposure  while  attending  a  lecture  at 
the  Lyceum  or  a  levee  at  the  President's  house.  His 
physician  prepared  a  lenient  tincture,  consisting  of 
laudanum,  Ucorice,  hlac  and  lettuce  leaves,  which  dis- 
sipated his  languor,  and  restored  him  to  his  usual 
health ;  and  he  would  soon  have  been  in  his  usual 
place  in  the  house,  if  a  troublesome  swelling  had  not 
appeared  on  his  larynx,  which  required  the  lance  of 
the  doctor.  His  laundress  brought  the  necessary  band- 
ages from  the  laundrj^  the  boil  was  lanced,  and  the 
member  was  in  his  place  in  time  to  vote  on  an  import- 
ant question. 

Durmg  the  last  week  of  the  sitting,  a  Uthographer, 


/1 44  MISCELLANEOUS  -WORDS. 

skilled  in  all  the  branches  of  lithograph 3^,  exhibited 
some  specimens  of  his  art,  which  he  had  finished  while 
in  Europe.  Tlie  likeness  of  the  Pope's  legate,  a  Scot- 
tish laird,  and  several  of  the  hterati,  were  admirably 
done.  The  stone  on  which  he  worked  was  made  of 
laA  a,  and  the  lever  of  lignum-vitae. 


Morning  Sounds. 

But  who  the  melodies  of  morn  can  tell? 

The  wild  brook  babbhng  down  the  mountain's  side ; 
The  lowing  herd  ;  the  sheepfold's  simple  bell ; 

Tlie  pipe  of  early  shepherd,  dim  descried 
In  the  lone  valley  ;  echoing  far  and  wide 

Tlie  clamorous  horn  along  the  cliffs  above  ; 
The  liollow  murmur  of  the  ocean-tide  ; 

The  hum  of  bees,  the  linnet's  lay  of  love, 
And  the  full  choir  that  wakes  the  universal  grove. 

The  cottage  curs  at  early  jnlgrim  bark ; 

Crowned  with  her  pail  the  tripping  milkmaid  sings; 
The  whistling  plowman  stalks  afield ;  and  hark ! 

Down  the  rough  slope  the  ponderous  wagon  rings; 
Through  rustling  corn  the  hare  astonished  springs  ; 

Slow  tolls  the  village-clock  the  drowsy  hour; 
The  partridge  bursts  away  on  whirring  wings  ; 

Deep  mourns  the  turtle  in  sequestered  bower, 
And  shrill  lark  carols  clear  from  her  aerial  tower. 


MISCELLAN'EOUS  "WORDS.  145 


MADEI'RA,  (ma-da  rii,)  n.    A  rich  wine  made  in  the  Isle  of  Madeira. 

M  A-DEl'RA-NUT,  (ma-da  rii-nut.)  n.    A  species  of  walnut  with   a   iLji 

shell,  from  the  Island  of  Madeira. 
MAI)-EM-OI-SELLE',  (mad-mwii-zel',)  n.  Fr.    The  title  given  to  a  young 

woman. 
MAEL'STROM,  (miil'strom,)  n.    A  whirlpool  on  the  coast  of  Norway. 
MA6-GI0'RE,  (muj-jo'ra,)  a.  It.    In  music,  greater. 
MA'6I,  (ma'jy,)  n.pl.  L.     Wise  men  or  philosophers  of  the  East. 
MAGNA  CHAR'TA,  (mag'na-kiir'tii,)  n.  L.    Great  charter,  a  constitution 

which  guarantees  rights  and  privileges. 
MAG-NA-NIM'1-TY,  v..    Greatness  of  mind,  disinterestedness. 
MAG-NR'SIA,  (m;ig-ne'zha,)  n.    A  soft  white  powder  without  taste  or  smell. 
MAG-NE'TO   E-LE€-TRIC'I-TY,  n.    Electricity  evolved  by  magnets. 
MAIN'TE-N  ANCE,  (mane'te-nans,)  n.    Means  of  support,  sustenance. 
MA'LI€,  (ma'lik,)  a.    Pertaining  to  apples ;  as,  malic  acid. 
MALL,  (mal,)  n.    A  public  walk — a  level  shaded  walk. 
MALM'SEY,  (mam'ze,)  iu    The  name  of  a  sort  of  grape,  and  also  of  a 

strong  sweet  wine. 
MA'LUM  IN  SE,  L.    An  evilin  itself. 
MAM-.MA',  (mam-miih',)  n.    A  familiar  word  for  mother. 
BlAN-DA'iMUS,  n.     A  command  or  writ  issuing  from  a  court. 
MAN-DA-RJN',  (man-da-reen',)  n.     In  China,  a  magistrate. 
MA-NE6E',  (ma-nazhe',)  n.    The  art  of  horsemanship,  or  ti-aining  horses. 
MANES,  (ma'nez,)  n.  pi.    The  ghost  of  a  deceased  person  ;  and  among  the 

ancient  pagans,  the  infernal  deities. 
MA-NEU'VER,  (ma-na'ver,)  n.    Management,  dextrous  movement. 
MA-NEO  VER,  (ma-nu'ver,)  v.  t.  To  change  the  positions  of  troops  or  ships. 

FATE,  FAR.  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BQQK.— TtJNE,  BULL,  XINITE.— AN" 
GER,  Vr'CIOUS.— €  as  K ;  ft  as  J ;  $  as  Z  ;  CH  aa  SH ;  TH  as  in  THIS. 

13 


146  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

MA-NKt  V'ER-ER,  (ma-iiiiv'er'r,)  n.    One  who  maneuvers. 

MAN"GO,  (mang'go,)  n.    Green  fruit  of  the  mango-tree  pickled;  also,  ■ 

green  muskmelon  pickled. 
RIA'Nl-A,  (nia'ae-iih.)  n.    Madness. 
MANI-A   A  PO'TU,  71.  Z,.    Madness  from  drip.king. 
RIA-NIP'^-LATE,  v.  t.    To  work  or  operate  with  the  hands. 
MA-NIP-T^-LA'TION,  n.    Work  by  the  hand— manual  operation. 
MAN'OR,  ji.    A  gentleman's  seat,  the  land  belonging  to  a  lord  or  noUeman. 
MANSE,  fmans,)  71.     A  parsonage-house — a  farm. 
MAN'TUA-WAK'ER,   (m?n'tu-m5k'er,)   n.     One  who  makes   gowns  foi 

ladies. 
MAN-TJ-FA€'TIIRE,   ;man-yu-fakt'yur,)  v.  t.    To  fabricate  from  raw  ma 

terials,  by  the  hand  or  machinery,  into  forms  convenient  for  use. 
MAR-A-NA'THA,  n.  Hyriac.    A  word  used  by  the  Apostle  Paul  in  express 

iiig  a  curse. 
MA-RAUD'ER,  (ma-rawd'er,)  71.     A  rover  in  quest  of  plunder. 
MA-RAUD'ING,  (ma-rawd'ing,)  pp.  or  a.    Roving  in  search  of  plunder. 
M A R'CH ION-ESS,  (miir'shun-ess,)  7i.    The  wife  or  widow  of  a  marquis. 
MAR'I-GOLD,  n.    A  plant  bearing  a  yellow  flower. 
MA-RINE',  (ma-reen',)  a.    Pertaining  to  the  sea. 
MAR'l-TlME,  (mar'i-tim,)  a.    Relating  to  the  sea;  as,  maritime  affairs. 
MAR-QUEE',  (ra;ir-ke',)  n.  Fr.     A  large  field-tent. 
MAS'CU-LINE,  (masku-lin,)  a.    Having  the  qualities  of  a  man. 
MASK,  n.     A  cover  for  the  face — a  visor. 
MASS,  71.    Bulk,  a  body  of  matter;  as,  a  mass  of  iron. 
M  AS'SA€RE,  (mas'sa-ker,)  n.    The  murder  of  an  individual,  or  the  slaugh- 
ter of  niimbera  of  human  beings. 
MAS'SA-CRED,  (mas'sa-kurd,)  pp.  or  a.    Barbarously  or  indiscriminately 

murdered. 
M.\S'SA-€RING,  (mas'sa-kring,)  ;);)r.    Barbarously  or  indiscriminately  raur- 

doring. 


FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BQQK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  147 

MASS'IVE,  (miiss'iv,)  a.    Heavy,  weighty,  ponderous. 

MAST,  n.    A  long,  round,  upright  piece  of  timber  to  which  the  yards,  sails, 

and  rigging  of  a  vessel  are  attached. 
MAS'TER,  71.     A  man  who  rules  or  directs  either  men  or  business. 
MA-TE'RI-EL,  (ma-ta're-el,)  n.  Fr.    That  which  constitutes  the  materials  in 

a  complex  gystem;  as,  the  baggage  and  munitions  of  an  array,  in  liiih 

tinctiun  from  the  men. 
MAT'lN,  a     Pertaining  to  the  morning. 

MAU-S0-L£'AN,  (maw-so-le'an.)  a.    Pertaining  to  a  mausoleum. 
MAU-S0L£'UM,  n.    A  magnificent  tomb  or  sepulchral  monument. 
MAU-VAISE'-IIONTE',  (mo-vaz'-ont',)  n.  Fr.    Bashfulness,  false  modesty. 
MAY'OR,  n.    The  chief  magistrate  of  a  city. 
MEA'GER,  (me'gur,)  a.    Thin,  lean,  destitute  of  flesh. 
MEAS'lJR-A-BLE,  (mezh'ur-a-bl,)  a.    That  may  be  measured. 
MEAS'IJRE,  (mezh'ur,)  n.    The  whole  extent  or  dimensions  of  a  thing. 
MECH'AN-IST,  (mek'an-ist,)  n.    One  skilled  in  mechanics. 
MED'AL-UR-fty,  (med'al-ur-je,)  n.    The  art  of  making  and  striking  medals 

and  other  coins, 
ME-rXI-E'VAL,  a.    In  history,  pertaining  to  the  middle  ages. 
MF.-I,ANGE',  (ma-liinzh',)  n.  Fr.    A  mixtui-e. 
ME-LEE',  (ma-la',)  n.  Fr.    A  fight  in  which  the  combatants  are  mingled  in 

one  confused  mass. 
MEL'IOR-ATE,  (mi51'yor-ate,)  v.  t.    To  make  better,  to  improve. 
MEL-LIF'LU-OUS,  a.    Sweetly  flowing;  as,  a  mellifluous  voice. 
MEL-0-DRA-MAT'I€,  a.    Pertaining  to  a  mclodrame. 
MEL-0-DRAM'A-TIST,  ji.     One  skilled  in  melodrames,  or  who  preparer 

them. 
MEL'O-DRAME,  n.    A  dramatic  performance  in  which  songs  are  inter 

mixed. 
M  EL-POJI'E-NE,  n.    The  muse  who  presides  over  tragedy. 
ME-MEN'TO  MO'RI,  L.    Be  mindful  of  death. 


TONE,  BULL,  TJNITE.— AN"GEP.,  vrciOUS.— €  asK;6a3J;SasZ 
tH  as  SH  :  IH  as  in  THIS. 


148  MISCEI.LANKOUS  WORDS. 

MEM'OIR,  (mem'wor,)  n.  A  species  of  history  wrilten  by  oue  who  had 
some  sha-re  in  what  is  related. 

MEN' ACE,  (m  ;n'ase,)  n.     A  threat  or  threatening. 

MEN'A-CED,  (raen'aste,)  pp.    Threatened. 

MEN-AG'E-UIE,  (men-azh'e-re,)  n.  A  yard  or  place  in  which  wild  auimals 
are  kept — also,  a  collection  of  wild  animals. 

MEN-SU-RA'TION.  (men-shu-ra'shmi,)  n.  The  act,  process,  or  art  of  meas- 
uring. 

MER'€AN-T1LE,  (raer'kan-til,)  a.  Trading,  commercial,  carrying  on  com- 
merce. 

ME-RI'NO,  (me-re'no,)  n.     A  thin,  woolen  fabric,  made  of  mcrim  wool. 

ME'SIAL,  (me'zhal,)  n.  A  mesial  line,  in  anatomy,  is  a  longitudinal  line 
dividing  the  body,  or  any  member  or  organ,  into  two  equal  parts. 

MES'SIEURS,  (mesh'yerz,)  n.pl.,  Fr.  (pi.  of  monsiew.)  Sirs,  gentlemen: 
abbreviated  to  Messrs. 

MET'.'\1j-LUR-CY,  n.    The  operation  of  separating  metals  from  their  ores. 

MET-RO-POL'I-TAN,  a.     Belonging  to  a  metropolis. 

ME'UM   ET  TC'UM,  L.    Mine  and  thine. 

MEW,  (mQ,)  V.  i.    To  cry  as  a  cat. 

MEZ'ZO,  (med'zo,)  It.    In  music,  denotes  middle,  mean. 

MEZ'ZO-RE-Ll£V'0,  (med'zo-re-lev'o,)  n.  It.  A  middle  point  of  relief  In 
figures,  between  high  and  low  relief. 

MEZ'ZO-VO'CE,  (med'zo-vo'cha,)  It.  In  music,  a  medium  fullness  oi 
sound. 

MI-AS'JIA,  (mT-az'mah,  pi.  miasmata,;  n.  Infecting  substances  floating  \i 
the  air 

MID'SHIP-MAN,  n.    In  ships  of  war,  a  kind  of  naval  cadet. 

MIGN-ON-NETTE',  (min-yon-et',)  n.  An  aimual  flowering  plant,  having 
the  scent  of  ra-spberries. 

MI-Lr'TIA,  (mc-lish'ii,)  n.  The  body  of  soldiers  In  a  state  enrolled  for  dia- 
cipline. 

FATE,  FAR,  F4LL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BiRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  B09K. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  149 


MIN-ER-AL'0-6Y,  n.  The  science  which  treats  of  the  properties  of  unnr 
oral  substances. 

M1-R.\B'1-LE  DI€'TU,  L.    Wonderful  to  tell,  or  be  told. 

M1-IIA6E',  (nie-riizhe',)  n.  An  optical  illusion,  arising  from  an  unequal  re- 
fraction in  the  lower  strata  of  the  atmosphere,  and  causing  remote  objects 
to  be  seen  double. 

MIS'CIIIEV-OUS,  (mis'che-vus,)  a.    Harmful,  injurious. 

MlS-eON'riTRUE,  v.  t.    To  interpret  erroneously. 

MIS-€ON'STRD-ED,  (mis-kon'sti-Qde,)  pp.    Erroneously  interpreted. 

MIS'g'LE,  (mis'sil,)  n.  A  weapon  thrown  or  intended  to  be  thrown;  as, a 
lance,  stone,  &c. 

MO-LAS'SES,  (mo-liis'sez,)  n.  The  syrup  which  drains  from  Muscovado 
sugar  while  cooling. 

MO-LE€'ir-LAR,  a.    Belonging  to  or  consisting  of  molecules. 

M0'LO€H,  (mo'Iok,)  n.  In  Scripture,  the  name  of  the  deity  of  the  Am- 
monites. 

RION'AD,  n.    An  ultimate  atom,  or  simple  unextended  point. 

MONK,  (munk,)  n.  A  man  who  retires  from  the  ordinary  concerns  of  the 
world,  and  devotes  himself  to  religion. 

MON-0-MA'Nl-A,  n.  Derangement  of  a  single  faculty  of  the  mind,  or  with 
regard  to  a  pai-ticular  subject. 

MON'0-STI€II,  (mon'o-stik,)  n.  A  compositioQ  consisting  of  one  verse 
only. 

M(  )N-SIEUR',  (mos-seer',)  n.  Fr.    Sir,  Mr. :  sometimes  used  for  a  Frenchman. 

M<  )R-CEAU',  (mor-soV)  n.  Fr.    A  bit,  a  morsel. 

MORTGAGE,  (mor'gaje,)  h.  The  state  of  being  pledged  ;  as,  lands  given 
iu  mortgage. 

MOT'LEY,  a.  Variegated  in  color,  composed  of  different  parts,  charac- 
ters, &c. 

MOt.'NT'AIN,  (moiint'in,)  n.  A  large  mass  of  eai-th  and  rock  rising  above 
the  common  level  of  the  earth. 

TBSE,  BULL,  IINITE.— AN'GER,  vrciOUS.— €  as  K;  6  as  J;  S  as  Z; 
CH  as  SH  ;  TH  as  in  THIS. 
13* 


150  MISCELLANEOUS  WOKDS. 

MCCI-LA6E,  n.    In  chemistiy,  one  of  the  proximate  elements  of  regetables. 
MULCT'ED,  (mulkt'ed,)  pp.    Fined — punished  by  a  pecuniary  fine. 
MU-LET-EER',  n.    One  who  drives  mules. 

MUR'RAIN,  (mur  rin,)  n.    An  infectious  and  fatal  disease  among  cattle. 
MU-SE'UM,  (mu-ze'um,)  n.    A  repository  of  curiosities  or  of  woiks  of  art 
MUS-TACHE',  (mus-tiish',)  n.    Long  hair  on  the  upper  lip. 
MUS-TJtCIi'ES,  (mus-tash'ez,)  n.,pl.  of  mustache. 
Mtj'TLJ-AL,  (miit'yu-a],)  a.    Reciprocal,  interchanged. 
HC'TU-AL-LY,  (mat'yu-al-le,)  adv.    Reciprocally— in  the  manner  of  giving 
and  receiving. 


THE  BRITISH  MUSEUM. 

The  reader  must  be  contented  with  a  mere  glimpse 
at  the  wonders  in  this  renowned  institution.  It  would 
require  volumes  to  give  a  detailed  account  of  all  the 
curiosities  in  this  central  depot  of  all  that  is  rare  and 
wonderful  on  our  globe. 

Here  may  be  seen  massive  figures  in  mezzo-relievo ; 
the  original  manuscript  of  the  Magna  Charta  obtained 
by  the  barons  from  King  John ;  abundant  materials 
for  experiments  in  magneto  electricity ;  a  thousand 
specimens  of  mineralogy,  metallurgy,  and  medalurgy ; 
paintings  representing  mausolean  structures,  the  Mael- 
strom on  the  coast  of  Norway,  and  the  Mirage  at 
Reggio,  in  Italy. 

Also  marine  productions,  gathered  by  mercantile  enr 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  151 

terprise  in  maritime  affairs,  and  articles  of  curious 
manufacture,  requiiing  skillful  manipulations.  In  the 
department  of.  wax- work,  one  may  obtain  from  the 
motley  throng  before  him  a  measurable  insight  of  vir- 
tue and  vice,  of  magnanimity  and  selfishness,  the  de- 
tails of  which  occupy  so  large  a  space  in  the  histories  of 
nations. 

Among  the  figures  near  the  haughty  marchioness 
may  be  seen  a  mademoiselle,  holding  in  her  hand  a 
bouquet  made  of  the  mignonnette  and  marigold.  If  it 
were  possible  for  her  mellifluous  voice  to  bp  heard,  it 
would  soften  the  heart  of  the  masculine  marauder, 
whose  lofty  figure  stands  near  by,  and  who  had  often 
been  detected  marauding  on  a  manor  in  the  north  of 
England,  but  was  finally  secured  after  massacring  the 
master  of  a  vessel. 

A  naval  officer,  with  a  formidable  mustache,  was 
holding  in  his  hand  his  own  memoir,  which  stated  that, 
after  going  before  the  mast,  he  was  promoted  to  the 
station  of  midshipman.  Being  menaced  by  an  enemy, 
while  attempting  to  maneuver  the  vessel  around  the 
Island  of  Madeira,  she  ran  aground  on  a  mass  of  stones. 
And  "v\hile  in  this  unpleasant  situation  he  was  exposed 
to  the  infectious  miasma  of  an  adjacent  marsh,  and  a 
malignant  fever  put  an  end  to  his  earthly  career. 

A  lord  mayor  of  a  metropolitan  city  will  next  attract 
the  attention  of  the  A'isitor.  He  once  served  as  a  com- 
mon soldier  in  the  miUtia.     And  if  the  report  is  true, 


152  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

he  shortened  his  days  by  his  excessive  mania  or  mono- 
mania for  Malmsey  wine.  Under  a  large  marquee,  on 
the  opposite  side,  was  one  of  the  eastern  magi,  having 
a  head  but  little  larger  than  a  mango.  He  was  evi- 
dently not  much  of  a  maneuverer,  and  must  have  been 
indebted  for  his  maintenance  to  the  charity  of  the 
people. 

One  would  be  very  likely  to  misconstrue  the  charac- 
ter of  the  melodramatist,  if  his  apparently  mischievous 
countenance,  which  seems  to  express  a  kind  of  menace, 
was  any  indication  of  what  were  his  j'eal  feelings.  But 
it  is  said  that  he  was  the  mover  of  an  important  meas- 
ure, tending  mutually  to  meliorate  the  condition  of  the 
people,  after  the  massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew. 

We  must  now  pass  rapidly  by  the  mantua-maker  in 
her  merino  shawl,  the  meager  mandarin  with  his  mask, 
the  monk  of  the  medieval  ages  over  his  matins,  the 
skillful  mechanist  with  his  head  filled  Avith  mensuration, 
and  who  was  killed  by  a  missile  in  a  melee  caused  by 
the  discovery  of  a  fraudulent  mortgage. 

Moloch,  and  Melpomene,  and  the  author  of  a  clever 
melodrame,  were  reclining  on  an  artificial  mall,  at  the 
foot  of  a  miniature  mountain,  each  with  a  monosticb 
overhead,  so  that  their  functions  might  not  be  mis- 
construed by  the  visitor. 

In  this  endless  melange,  there  was  a  microscope  of 
such  magnifying  power,  that  the  smallest  molecular 
monads  were  made  to  appear  of  great  size.    A  singular 


MTSCELIANEOUS  WORDS.  153 

Stuffed  animal,  which  it  is  impossible  to  describe,  stood 
near  the  ornamental  mausoleum.  It  had  formerly  been 
in  a  menagerie,  but  died  of  murrain  or  some  other  dis- 
ease, or  in  consequence  of  partaking  too  freely  of  Ma- 
deira-nuts, and  a  morceau  of  magnesia,  which  was 
disjTuised  in  vegetable  mucilaofe  and  molasses.  A  man- 
damns  was  issued  against  the  keeper  for  his  neglect, 
and  he  was  mulcted  in  a  large  sum  by  the  court. 


Evening  Sounds. 

Sweet  was  the  sound,  when  oft,  at  evening's  close, 
tJp  yonder  hill  the  village  murmur  rose. 
There,  as  I  passed  with  careless  steps  and  slow, 
The  mingling  notes  came  softened  from  below : 
The  swain  responsive  as  the  milkmaid  sung, 
The  sober  herd  that  lowed  to  meet  their  young, 
The  noisy  geese  that  gabbled  o'er  the  pool, 
The  playful  children  just  let  loose  from  school, 
The  watch-dog's  voice  that  bayed  the  whispering  wind, 
And  the  loud  laugh  that  spoke  the  vacant  mind : 
These  all  in  soft  confusion  sought  the  shade, 
And  filled  each  pause  the  nightingale  had  made> 


154  MISCELtANEOtrS  WORDS. 


NA'DTK,  (nli'dur,)  n.    That  point  of  the  hemisphere  directly  opposite  to 

the  zenith — the  point  directly  under  the  place  where  we  stand. 
NA'IAD,  (na'yad,)  n.     In  mjthology,  a  waterMijmph  ;  a  female  deity  that 

presides  over  rivers  and  springs. 
NA'IA-DES,  (na'ya-dez,)  n.  pi,    Water-nymphs.    In  conchology,  a  family  of 

fresh-water  bivalves. 
NA'iVE,  (nii'dve,)  a,  Fr,    Having  native  or  unaffected  simplicity — ingenuous. 
NA'iVE-LY,  (nii'eve-ly,)  adv.    With  native  or  unaffected  simplicity. 
NA'iVE-TE,  (na'ev-ta))  n.    Native  simplicity— unaffected  plainness  or  in* 

genuousness. 
NAPE,  n.    The  prominent  joint  of  the  neck  behind. 
NAR-RA'TOR,  n.    One  that  narrates— one  that  relates  a  series  of  events  oi 

transactions. 
NA'SAL,  (na'zal,)  a.    Pertaining  to  the  nose — formed  or  affected  by  tho 

nose  ;  as,  a  nasal  sound,  a  nasal  letter. 
NAS'Ty,  a.    Very  dirty— foul,  disgustingly  filthy. 
NA'TION-AL,  (na'shun-al  or  nash'un-al,)  a.    Pertaining  to  a  nation — publlC) 

general. 
NAT'IJ-RAL,  (nat'yu-ral,)  a.    Pertaining  to  nature— produced  or  effected  by 

nature. 
NA'TtJRE,  (nat'yur,)  re.    A  word  that  comprehends  all  the  works  of  God— 

the  universe. 
NAU'SEA,  (nawshca,)  n.    Sickness  of  the  stomach— loathing,  squeamish* 

ness  of  the  stomach. 
NAU'.SE-ATE,  (naw'ghc-ate,)  v.  t.    To  loathe— to  reject  with  disgust. 
NAU'SE-A-TED,  (naw'she-a-ted,) /)/?.    Rejected  with  disgust. 
NAUSEOUS,  (naw'shus,)  a.    Loathsome,  disgusting;  as,  a  nauseous  drug 

or  medicine. 


f  ATiil,  FAR,  F4LL,  WHAT.— METE,  rilF.V.— PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE^  DOVE,  MOVE,  WVLF,  BWK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  155 

I 

NE€-R0L'0-(5Y,  (nek-rol'o-gy,)  n.    An  account  of  the  dead — a  register  of 

deaths. 
NECRO-MAN-CER,  (nfk'ro-man-ser,)  71.    One  who  uses  enchantments  or 

conjurations. 
NE€'TAR-INE,  (nek'tar-in,)  n.    A  fruit  resembling  the  peach,  but  with  a 

smooth  rind. 
NE'ER,  (nare.)    A  contraction  of  never. 
NE  EX'E-AT,  L.    In  law,  a  writ  to  prevent  a  person  from  going  out  of  tUo 

country  without  a  license. 
NEG-LI-GEE',  (neg»Ie-zha',)  ti.    A  kind  of  gown  formerly  worn. 
NE-GO'TIATE,  (ne-go'shste,)  v.  t.    To  procure,  or  establish  by  mutual  in- 
tercourse and  agreement. 
NE-GO'TIA-TED,  (ne»g6'sh!ite-ed,)/)p.    Procured  or  obtained  by  agreement 

with  another. 
NE-GO-TI-A'TION,  (ne-go-she-S'shun,)  n.    The  act  of  negotiating. 
NE-GO'TIA-TOR,  (ne-g5'sha-tor,)  n.    One  that  negotiates. 
NEl'THER,  (nS'ther  or  nl'ther.     The  former   pronunciation   prevails  In 

America:  the  latter  is  now  common  in  England.)    Not  either — not  the  ono 

or  the  other. 
NEPH'EW,  (nefu.    English  authorities  pronounce  this  word  nev'u,)  n.   Th« 

son  of  a  brother  or  sister. 
N£'RE-ID,  n.    In  mythology,  a  sca-nymph. 

NERVINE,  (nerv'in,)  a.    That  has  the  quality  of  acting  upon  the  nerve*. 
NICE,  (nese,)  n.    A  town  In  Asia  Minor. 

NI'CENE,  (nl'cene,)  a.    Pertaining  to  Nice,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor. 
NO'LENS  VO'LENS,  /,.    Unwilling  or  willing— whether  he  will  or  not. 
NOL'IiE  PROS'E-QUI,  L.    In  law,  these  words  denote  that  a  plaintiff  or 

attorney  for  the  public  withdraws  suit. 
NOM'  DE  GUERRE',  (nom'de-gar',)  Fr.    A  fictitious  name,  or  one  assumed 

for  a  time. 
NON'DE-SGRIPT,  n.    Any  thing  that  has  not  been  described. 

TCNE,  BULL,  IJNITE.— AN"GER,  Vl"C10US.-€  asK;6a3J;$aaZ; 
CH  as  Sll ;  TH  a»  in  THIS. 


156  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

NONE,  (none  or  nun,)  a.    Not  one,  (used  of  persons  or  things  :)  "  There  ia 

none  that  doeth  good  ;  no,  not  one."    Ps.  xiv. 
NON-PA-REIL',  (non-pa-re)',)  n.    Excellence  unequaled — a  sort  of  apple— 

a  sort  of  very  small  printing-type. 
NON'PLUS-ED,  (non'plust,)  pp.    Puzzled — put  to  a  stand. 
NON  SEQ'UI-TUR,  (non-sek'we-tur,)  Lf  In  logic,  an  inference  which  does 

not  follow  from  the  premises. 
NOOSE,  (nooz,)  n.    A  running  knot,  which  binds  the  closer  (he  more  it  ia 

drawn. 
NOR'MAL  SCHOOL,  n.    An  institution  for  training  up  persons  to  teach 

common  schools. 
NORTH'-STAR,  n.    The  north  polar-star. 
NOTHING,  (noth'ing  or  nuth'ing,)  n.    Not  any  thing— iiooentity— opposed 

to  something. 
NUN'CIO,  (nun'sho,)  n.    A  messenger— an  embassador  from  the  pope  to  an 

emperor  or  king. 
NUPTIAL,  (nup'shal,)  a.    Pertaining  to  marriage;   as,  nuptial  rites  and 

ceremonies. 


THE  NAIVE  YOUJ^^G  MAN. 

A  NAIVE  young  man,  wlio  had  been  sent  to  a  normal 
school,  was  far  more  fond  of  reading  poetry  about  the 
nereids,  or  naiad  and  naiades,  than  of  understanding  the 
diflerence  between  the  zenith  and  the  nadir.  His  na- 
ivete, however,  gradually  disappeared  after  he  naively 
consented,  during  a  recess  of  the  school,  to  assist  the 
keepers  of  a  menagerie  in  capturing  a  strange-looking 
nondescript. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  157 

For,  while  attempting  to  throw  a  noose  over  the 
horns  of  this  production  of  nature,  he  was  nonplused ; 
and  while  in  this  state  was  violently  thrown  upon  the 
ground,  receiving  a  severe  bruise  on  his  nasal  organ, 
and  another  on  the  nape  of  his  neck. 

When  taken  home,  he  was  troubled  with  a  nausea  to 
such  a  degree,  that  his  stomach  began  to  nauseate  all 
kinds  of  food,  and  even  nauseated  eatables  that  were 
never  considered  nauseous ;  such  as  the  nectarine,  and 
the  kind  of  apple  called  nonpareil. 

A  nervine  preparation  was  administered  to  him, 
which  had  the  effect  of  quieting  his  nerves ;  so  that  he 
was  able  to  sit  day  after  day,  with  his  negligee  on  his 
shoulders,  readinof  in  the  work  of  an  interestinij  narrator 
stories  and  anecdotes  about  the  nuptials  of  the  necro- 
mancer ;  the  travels  of  the  Pope's  nuncio,  engaged  in 
national  affairs ;  and  an  account  of  the  Nicene  Creed, 
composed  by  the  Council  of  Nice. 

The  uncle  of  the  young  man  endeavored  to  negotiate 
a  loan  in  order  to  defray  the  expenses  of  his  nephew. 
But  he  was  not  a  very  good  negotiator,  and  the  person 
with  whom  he  supposed  he  had  negotiated  infomied 
him  afterward,  that  the  terms  of  the  negotiation  were 
not  sufficiently  definite. 

14 


158  MISCELLANEOCS  WORDS. 


O. 

OB'E-RON,  n.    Tho  king  of  the  fairies.    (See  Shakspeare's  Midsummer 

Niglit's  Dream.) 
O-BES'I-TY,  71.    Excessive  fatness— incumbrance  of  flesh. 
O-BIT  TJ-A-RY,  (o-bit'ju-a-ry,)  a.    Relating  to  the  decease  of  a  person  or 

persons. 
O-BLIGE',  (o-bllje',)  v.  t.    To  constrain  by  necessity— to  compel  by  physical 

force. 
O-BLIG'ED,  (o-blljd',)  pp.    Indebted,  favored,  compelled. 
OB-LIQUE',  (ob-lIke'  or  ob-Ieek',)  a.    Deviating  fi'om  a  right  line,  not  direct. 
OB-LIQUE'L.Y,  (ob-llke'ly,)  adv.    In  a  line  deviating  from  a  right  line — in- 
directly. 
OB-SCEN'I-TY,  (ob-sen'e-ty,)  n.     Impurity  in  expression  or  representation. 
OB-SERV-A'TOR,  (ob-zer>'-a'tor,)  n.    One  that  observes  or  takes  notice — a 

remarker. 
0€-€ULT,  (ok-kult',)  a.    Hidden  from  the  eye  or  understanding— iavUi- 

ble— secret. 
0-CE-AN'I€,  (5-she-an'ik,)  a.    Pertaining  to  the  ocean. 
0€-TA'VO,  (ok-ta'vo,)  n.  or  a.    A  book  or  form  in  which  a  sheet  Is  toided 

into  eight  leaves. 
Oe'lJ-LIST,  (ok'yu-list,)  n.    One  skilled  in  diseases  of  the  eyes,  or  one  who 

professes  to  cure  them. 
O-DE'ON,  n.    In  ancient  architecture,  a  kind  of  theater  in  Greece. 
O-DOR-IF'ER-OUS,  a.    Giving  scent— diffusing  fragrance — bearing  scent ;  as, 

odoriferous  gales. 
OF,  (ov,)  prep.    From  or  out  of— proceeding  from. 
OF-FI"CIATE,  (of-fish'5tc,)  v.  i.    To  transact  the  appropriate  business  of  an 

office  or  public  trust. 

FATE,  FIR,  FALL,  WHAT.- M£TE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BQQK. 


MISCELLA^-EOUS  'WORDS.  159 

OF-Fl"CIA-TEO,  (of-f)8h'ate-ed,)  p/>.    PerforiDcd  the  duties  of  an  office,  or 

tho  oflBce  of  another. 
Or-FI"CIA-TING,  (of-flsh'ate-ing,)  ppr.  or  a.    PerformiDg  the  appropriato 

duties  of  an  oillce. 
OFT'EN,  (ori),)  adv.    Frequently — many  times. 
O-GEE',  (o-je',)  n.    In  arcliitecture,  a  molding  consisting  of  two  members, 

the  one  concave,  the  other  convex. 
0L-I-GAR€H'I€-AL,  (ol-e-giirlt'ili'aJ,)  a.    Pertaining  to  oligarchy,  or  goT« 

ernment  by  a  few. 
OL-I-GAUCH'y,  (ol-e-giirk'e,)  n.    A  form  of  government  in  which  the  bu> 

preme  povrer  is  placed  in  a  few  hands. 
O'Ll-O,  (O'le-o,)  71.    A  collection  of  various  pieces — a  mixture — a  medley. 
OM'IN-OUS,  a.    Foreboding  or  presaging  evil. 
OM'IX-OUS-LY,  ado.    With  good  or  bad  omens. 
ON'  DIT,  (on'de,)  Fr.    They  say,  or  it  is  said  ;  hence,  a  flying  rumor. 
ON'ER-OUS,  a.    Burdensome — oppressive. 
ON'ION,  (un'yuD,)  n,    A  well-known  plant  of  the  genus  Allium. 
O'NYX,  (O'niks,)  n.    Chalcedony,  consisting  of  parallel  layers  of  diflerent 

shades  of  color. 
OPH-THAL'MI€,  (ofHhal'mik,)  a.    Pertaining  to  the  eye. 
OPHTH  AL-MY,  (oftbal-me,)  n.    Inflammation  of  the  eye,  or  its  appendagcflu 
OP-PtfGN',  (op-piine',)  v.  t.    To  attack — to  oppose — to  resist, 
O-RANG'-OU-TANG',  n.    A  quadruraanous  mammal :  the  Simia  Satyrus. 
OR'CHES'TRA,  (or'kes-trS,)  n.    The  part  of  a  theater  appropriated  to  thfl 

musicians ;  also,  a  band  of  musicians. 
OH'DE-AL,  n.    Severe  trial — accurate  scrutiny. 
OR-GAN-I-ZA'TION,  n.     Structure— form— suitable  disposition    of  parts 

■which  are  to  act  together. 

171.  In  philosophical  language,  a  terra  nearly  synonymous 
with  method,  and  implying  a  body  of  rules  and  canons 
for  Bcientiflc  investigation. 

TONE,  BVLL,  tJNITE.-AN"GER,  Vr'CIOUS.— €  88  K;  6  as  J;  S  aa  Z; 
CU  as  SH ;  TH  as  in  THIS, 


160  MISCELLAKKOUS  WORDS. 

OR'tEAT,  (or'zhat,)  n,    A  liquor  extracted  ft'om  barley  and  sweet  almonda. 
OR'I-FICE,  (or'e-fis,)  n.    The  mouth  or  aperture  of  a  tube,  pipe,  or  other 

cavity. 
O-RI'ON,  n.    A  bright  constellation  on  both  sides  of  the  equinoctial 
OR'l-SON,  (or'e-zon,)  n.    A  prayer  or  supplication. 
OR'THO-E-PIST,  n.    One  who  pronounces  words  correctly. 
OR'THO-E-PY,  n.     A  correct  pronunciation  of  words. 
6T1-UM  CUM  DIG-NI-TA'TE,  (6'she-um-l£um-dig-ne-ta  te,)  L.    Dignifled 

leisure. 
OU-TRE',  (oo-tr5',)  a.  Fr.    Out  of  the  common  course— extravagant. 
0-VER-CAST',  pp.    Clouded— overspread  with  gloom. 
O'VERT,  a.    Public — apparent — open  to  view. 
O-VER-TASK'ED,  (over-tiislct',)  pp.  or  a.    Tasked  too  heavily. 


GREENWOOD   CEMETERY. 

In  this  delightful  resting-place  for  those  who  have 
passed  the  ordeal  of  death,  repose  the  remains  of 
many  who  have  officiated  in  high  stations,  and  whose 
souls  may  now  be  endowed  with  more  perfect  organi- 
zations, and  be  officiating  in  far  higher  stations  in  the 
spirit-land. 

During  the"  calm  summer  evenings,  when  Orion 
shines  forth,  and  Oberon  is  out  with  the  fairies,  and 
the  gentle  odoriferous  breeze  fans  the  sultry  air ;  at 
Euch  a  time  one  can  almost  commune  with  the  spirits 
of  the  dead. 

Wlien  the  sky  is  not  overcast,  and  when  the  ob- 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  161 

servator  has  not  already  overtasked  his  physical  powers, 
he  will  find,  after  being  obliged  to  ascend  the  highest 
elevation,  an  oceanic  view  which  amply  repays  him  for 
his  exertions.  Where  one  is  troubled  with  onerous  or 
oppressive  obesity,  he  can  gain  the  same  hight  with 
less  fatigue  by  ascending  more  obliquely. 

By-the-by,  we  will  oblige  the  reader,  who  may 
be  anxious  for  the  preservation  of  his  eyesight,  by 
stating  that,  during  a  lecture  at  the  Odeon  by  a  cele- 
brated oculist,  he  remarked  that  the  act  of  looking 
intently  upon  objects  at  a  distance  tended  to  produce 
ophthalmy  and  ophthalmic  diseases. 

In  passing  near  the  center,  one  may  observe  the 
monument  of  an  outre  author  of  a  somewhat  occult 
organum.  A  little  further  on  may  be  read  the  obituary 
notice  of  one  who  had  predilections  in  favor  of  an  oli- 
garchical form  of  government,  and  who  wrote  an  olio, 
which  was  published  in  an  octavo  volume,  in  which  he 
explained  his  vieAvs  of  oligarchy. 

A  certain  person,  who  officiates  in  a  high  judicial 
station,  thought  proper  to  oppugn  the  views  of  the 
author.  He  pronounced  them  as  being  ominous  of  the 
fate  of  the  republic,  and  an  oven,  attack  upon  the 
government 

14* 


162  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 


P. 

PA-CHA',  (pa-shaw',)  n.  Iii  the  Turkish  dominions,  a  governor  or  Ticeroj  ; 
a  bashaw  or  pashaw. 

PA-CIF-I€-A'TION,  (pa-gif-ili-a'shun,)  n.  The  act  of  making  peace  between 
nations  or  parties  at  variance. 

PA-CIF'I€-A-TOR,  (pa-sifik-a-tor,)  n.  One  who  restores  amity  between 
contending  parties ;  a  peacemaker. 

PA-CIF'I€-A-TO-RY,  (pa-sifik-a-to-re,)  a.  Tending  to  make  peace — con- 
ciliatory. 

PAIR'ING-OFF,  n.  In  legislative  bodies,  a  practice  by  which  two  members 
of  opposite  political  opinions  agree  to  absent  themselves  from  voting 
during  a  stated  period. 

PAIR  OFF',  V.  i.    To  depart  from  a  company  in  pairs.    (See  pairing-off.) 

PAIX'HAN-GUN,  (pSkes'han-gun,)  n.  A  howitzer  of  great  strength  for 
throwing  shellg. 

PAL-AN-KEEN',  )  (pal-an-keen',)  n.    A  covered  carriage,  borne  on  the 

PAL-AN-QUiN',  )      shoulders  of  men,  used  in  India,  China,  &c. 

PA-LA'T[AL,  (pa-la'shal,)  a.    Pertaining  to  the  palate. 

PAL'A-TINE,  (pal'a-lin,)  n.  One  invested  with  royal  privileges ;  a  count 
palatine. 

PAL'FREY,  (pawl'fre,)  n.  A  small  horse  fit  for  ladies  ;  also,  a  nobleman's 
horse  for  Etate  purposes. 

PAL-LA'DI-UM,  n.  Primarily,  a  statue  of  the  goddess  Pallas;  something 
that  affords  defense  or  protection. 

PAL'MIS-TRY,  n.  The  art  of  telling  fortunes  by  the  lines  in  the  palm  of 
the  hand. 

PALM'Y,  (piim'e,)  a.  Bearing  palms  hence,  flourishing,  prosperous,  vic- 
torious. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  VVQLF,  BQQK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  163 

PANN'IER,  (pan'yer,)  n.  A  wicker-baaket,  used  for  carrying  fruit  or  other 
things  on  a  horee. 

PAN-O-RA  MA,  (pan-o-rd'mah,)  n.  A  complete  view  in  every  direction ;  a 
picture. 

Pant,  v.  i.    To  palpitate— to  long — to  desire  ardently. 

PANNING,  n.    Palpitation — rapid  breathing— longing. 

PAN'TO-MIME,  n.  One  who  imitates  characters  without  speaking;  a  scene 
in  dumb  show 

PAP'IER-MA'CHE,  (pap'ya-mii'sha,)  n.  Fr.  A  hard  substance  made  of  a 
pulp  from  rags  or  paper,  and  used  for  ornamental  purposes. 

PA-Pt'RUS,  n.  A  kind  of  reed,  of  which  the  ancients  made  a  material  for 
writing. 

PAR'A-CHUTE,  (par'a-shute,)  n.  An  instrument,  resembling  an  umbrella, 
to  prevent  the  rapidity  of  descent. 

PAR'A-MOUR,  (par'a-moor,)  n.    A  lover — a  wooer — a  mistress. 

PAR-A-QUET,  (par-a-ket',)  n.    A  small  species  of  parrot. 

PAR'ENT,  (pare'ent,)  n.  A  father  or  mother.  (The  pronunciation  pay'rent 
is  eiToneous.) 

PARE,  V.  t.  To  shave  off  with  a  sharp  instrument;  as,  to  pare  an  apple  or 
an  orange. 

PA'RI-AH,  n.    The  name  of  the  lowest  class  of  people  in  Hindoostan. 

PA'RI  PAS'SU,  L.    With  equal  pace,  or  progress. 

PA-RIS'IAN,  (pa-riz'yan,)  n.    A  native  or  resident  of  Paris. 

PAR'LIA-JIENT,  (piir'lo-ment,)  n.  The  legislative  body  in  England,  con- 
sisting of  the  House  of  I^ords  and  House  of  Commons. 

PAR-IJA-MENTA-RY,  (par-le-menta-ry,)  a.  Pertaining  to  parliament- 
according  to  the  rules  of  legislative  bodies. 

PAR-NAS'SI-AN,  (pur-nash'e-an.)  a.  Pertaining  to  Parnassus,  a  celebrated 
mountain  in  Greece. 

PARSE,  (pilrs,)  V.  t.  In  grammar,  to  show  the  several  parts  of  speech  com- 
posing a  sentence. 

r:)NE,  BULL,  TINITB.— AN"GER,  VI"CIOUS.— €  asK;6asJ;SasZ; 
CH  as  SH  ;  TH  as  in  THIS, 


164  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

PAR-TERRE',  (par-tar',)  n.  In  gardeDiug,  a  level  division  of  ground  for  the 
cultivation  of  flowers. 

PAR'TI-CEPS  €RIM'I-NIS,  L.     A  partaker  in  crime— an  accomplice. 

PAR'TI-CI-PLE,  (part'e-sip'l,)  n.  A  word  partaking  of  the  properties  cf  a 
noun  and  a  verb  ;  as,  having. 

PAR-TI€'TI-LAR-LY,  adv.    Smgly — distinctly— in  an  especial  manner. 

PAR'VE-NC,  n.  Fr.    An  upstart,  or  one  newly  risen  into  notice. 

PAS€H,  (pask,)  n.    The  passover — the  feast  of  Easter. 

PAS€H'-EGG,  (pask'-egg.)  An  egg  colored,  and  presented  to  young  per- 
sons about  the  time  of  Easter. 

PASS,  V.  i.    To  move — to  go — to  proceed  from  one  place  to  another. 

PASS'ED, ; 


3'ED,  ) 


J  pp.  or  a.     Ended,  accomplished — gone  by — enacted 

PASS'ING,  ppr.  or  a.    Proceeding,  moving,  going  by — surpassing,  eminent. 

PASS'0-VER,  n.    A  feast  of  the  Jews. 

PAS'TIME,  n.  That  which  serves  to  make  time  pass  agi-eeably — amuse- 
ment. 

PAS'TOR,  n.  A  minister  of  the  gospel  who  has  the  charge  of  a  church 
and  congregation — a  shepherd. 

PAS'TIJRE,  (past'yur,)  n.  Ground  covered  with  grass,  to  be  eaten  on  the 
spot  by  cattle,  horses,  &c. 

PATENT,  n.  A  writing  securing  to  a  person  the  exclusive  right  to  an  in- 
vention. 

PATH,  n.    A  way  beaten  by  the  feet  of  man  or  beast. 

PATH'E-TISM,  (path'e-tizm,)  n.    Another  name  for  Mesmerism. 

PA'TIENCE,  (pa'shens,)  n.  The  suffering  of  afflictions  with  a  calm,  un- 
ruffled temper. 

PATIENT,  (pa'shent,)  a.  Sustaining  afflictions  of  body  or  mind  with  forti- 
tude— persevering. 

PAT-CIS',  (pat-waw'i)  «.  Ft.  A  dialect  peculiar  to  the  lower  classes;  a 
provincialism. 

FATE,  FAR,  F4LL,  WHAT.— METE,  PRF-Y.— PINE,  MARINE,  UIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BOQK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  165 

PA'TRI-OT  or  PATRI-OT,  n.  A  person  wlio  loves  liis  country. 
PA'TRI-OT-ISM  or  PAT'RI-OT-I$AI,  n.  Love  of  one's  country. 
PA'TRON  or  PATRON,  n.    One  who  countenances,  supports,  aud  protecla 

either  a  person  or  a  woik. 
PAT'RON-AGE,  n.    Special  countenance  or  support — guardianship — advow* 

son. 
PAT'RON-IZE,  V.  t.    To  favor,  support,  or  countenance. 
PA-V£',  (pa-Y5',)  71.  Fr.    The  pavement. 
PE-CULTAR,  (pe-liiil'ytu',)  a.    Appropriate — belonging  to  a  person,  and  to 

him  only. 
PE-€CL-IAR'I-TY,  (pe-kul-yar'e-te,)  n.    Something  peculiar  to  a  person  or 

thing. 
PE-€tJNTA-RY,  (pe-kun'ya-ro,)  a.    Relating  to  money ;  as,  pecuniary  affairs. 
PE'DAL,  a.    Pertaining  to  the  foot. 
PED'AL,  n.    A  contrivance  attached  to  musical  instruments,  and  acted  upon 

by  the  foot. 
PED'ANT,  n.    A  schooIrr.:ister— a  person  who  makes  a  vain  display  of  his 

learning. 
PED'ES-TAL,  n.    In  architecture,  tlie  part  which  sustains  a  column  or 

serves  as  its  foot. 
PEG'A-SUS,  n.    A   winged  horse— a  northern  constellation — a  genua  of 

fishes. 
PEN'CUANT,  (piin'shang,)  n.  Fr.    Inclination. 

PEN-IN'SU-LA,  (pen-in'su-lah,)  n.    A  portion  of  land  connected  with  a  con- 
tinent by  an  isthmus,  but  nearly  suiTounded  by  water. 
PEN-I-TEN'TIA-RY,  (pcn-e-ten'sha-re,)  n.    In  the  United   Stales,  a  8tat»- 

prison,  a  work-house. 
PER-CHANCE',  adv.    Perhaps— by  chance. 
PER  DI'EM,  L.    By  the  day. 

PER'EMP-TO-RI-LY,  adv.    Absolutely— in  a  decisive  manner. 
PER'EMP-TO-RY,  a.    Positive— express— authoritative. 

TCNE,  BULL,  UNITE.— AN"GER,  vrciOUS.— €  as  K  ;  6  as  J;  S  as  Z; 
CH  asSH;  Til  as  in  THIS. 


166  MlSCKLLANEOtS  WORDS. 

PER-I-TO-NE'UM,  n.  A  thin  membrane,  investing  the  whole  internal  sur- 
face of  the  abdomen. 

PER-O-RA'TION,  n.  The  concluding  part  of  an  oration,  in  which  the 
speaker  recapitulates  the  principal  points. 

PER'QUl-SITE,  (per'kwe-zil,)  n.  A  fee  allowed  to  an  officer  in  lieu  of  a 
salary — a  fee  beyond  his  ordinary  salary. 

PER  SE,  L.    By  itself,  by  himself— apart  from  others. 

PER'SI-FLAgE,  (par'se-flilzh,)  n.  Fr.  Light  talk,  in  which  all  subjects  ar» 
treated  with  banter. 

PER-SON-NEL',  (par-so-neD  n.  Fr.  A  terra  denoting  the  persons  employed 
iu  public  seiTice,  as  the  army,  navy,  &c.,  as  distinguished  from  the  ma- 
teriel. 

PER'UKE,  (per'rake,)  n.     An  artificial  cap  of  hair;  a  periwig. 

PES'TLE,  (pes'l,)  n.  An  instrument  for  pounding  and  breaking  substances 
in  a  mortar. 

PET'lT-MAI'TRE,  (pet'te-ma'lr,)  n.  Fr.  A  spruce  fellow  that  dangles  about 
females ;  a  fop. 

PET'REL,  n.    A  name  common  to  the  long-winged,  web-footed  sea-fowls. 

PHAL'ANX,  (fal'anks,')  n.    A  body  of  troops— an  industrial  association. 

PHAR-MA-CEtJ'TI€S,  (far-ma-su'tiks,)  n.  The  science  of  preparing  medi- 
cines. 

PHAR'YNX,  (far'inks,)  n.    The  upper  part  of  the  esophagus. 

PHIL-IS'TINE,  (fll-is'lin,)  n.    An  inhabitant  of  Palestine,  now  Syria. 

PHOS'PHOR-OUS,  (fos'for-us,)  o.  The  phosphorous  acid  is  formed  by  « 
combination  of  phosphorus  with  oxygen. 

PHTHI'SIS,  (thl'sis,)  n.  A  disease  of  some  part  of  the  pulmonaiy  appa- 
ratus. 

PHY-SrciAN,  (fe-zish'an.)  n.    A  person  skilled  in  the  art  of  healing. 

Pl-A'NO,  (pe-a'no.)    In  music,  soft. 

PI-A'NO-FOR'TE,  (pe-a'no-for'ta,)  n.  A  well-known  musical  instrument,  of 
German  origin. 


FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PRE V.— PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BPQK. 


MlSCELLAKEOtJS  WORDS.  1(37 

PlG'ttJRE,  (pikt'yuri)  n.    A  painting  or  drawing— a  resemblance. 
tlEKCE,  (peers,)  v,  t.    To  penetrate— to  thrust  into  willi  a  pointed  institt> 

ment. 
riG'EON,  (pij'un))  n.    A  gallinaceous  bird  of  the  genus  Ccluraba — a  dove. 
PINCH'BECK,  71.    An  alloy  of  copper  and  zinc,  resembling  gold  in  its  ap> 

pearance. 
PrO-NY,  (pl'o-ne,)  n.    An  herbaceous  plant,  bearing  la.'ge,  beautiful,  red 

flowers. 
riQU'AN-CY,  (pik'an-sy,)  n.    Sharpness — pungency— severity. 
PIQU'ANT,  (pik'kant,)  a.    Pricking— sharp— tart— severe. 
PIR-OU'ETTE',  (pir-oo-et',)  n,    A  whirling  on  the  toes  in  dancing. 
PIS'CES,  (pis'sEz,)  n.  pL    The  fishes,  the  twelfth  sign  of  the  zodiaCi 
PLACID,  (plas'id))  a.    Quiet — gentle— undisturbed. 
PLA'61-A-RISM,  (pia'je-a'-rizm,)  n.    The  act  of  introducing  passagea  itovn 

the  writings  of  others,  and  putting  them  off  as  one's  own. 
PLA'6I-A-RIST,  (pia  je-a°rist,)  n.    One  who  purloins  the  writings  of  other*) 

and  puts  them  off  as  his  own. 
PLA'6I-A-HY,  (pla  je-a-re,)  n.     A  thief  in  literature. 
PLAIT,  V.  t.    To  fold— to  double  in  narrow  streaks. 
PLAS'TER,  n.    A  mixture  of  lime,  water,  and  sand,  used  for  coating  th« 

■walls  of  houses. 
PLA-TEAU',  (pia-to',)  n.    A  plain— a  flat  surface—a  platter, 
PLEAS'tfR-A-CLE)  (plezh'ur-a-bl,)  a.    Pleasing— giving  pleasure. 
PLEAS'tJRE,  (plezh'ur,)  n.    Agreeable  sensations  oi  emotions. 
PLE-BE'IAN,  (plc-bfi'yan,)  a.    Pertaining  to  the  common  people^vulgar  | 

as,  plebeian  minds. 
PLE-BE'IAN,  n.    One  of  the  comtnon  people.    tJBunlly  applied  to  the  com* 

nion  people  of  ancient  Rome. 
PLE'IADS,  (pia'yadz,)        )  n.  pi.    In  astronomy,  the  seven  stars  situated 
PLE'IA-DES,  (pie'ya-dSz,)  )      in  the  neck  of  the  constellation  Taurus. 
PLE'NA-RY,  (pie8'na>re,)  n.    Entire,  full,  complete ;  as,  a  plenary  consent. 


TCNE,  BULL,  TINITE.— AlV'GER,  VI"CIOUS,— €  as  K  ;  6  as  J  )  S  ns  Z; 
CH  M  8H )  TH  09  In  THIS, 


168  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

PLEN-I-PO-TEN'TIA-RY,  (plen-e-po-ten'sha-re,)  re.    A  person  invented  WltU 

fuU  powers  to  transact  any  business — an  embassador. 
PLOV'ER,  (pluv'er,)  n.    The  common  name  of  several  species  of  birds  of 

the  genus  Gharadi'ius. 
PNED-MO-NI'TIS,  (nu-mo-nl'tis,)  n.    Inflammation  of  the  lungs. 
PO'ET-AS-TER,  n.    A  petty  poet— a  pitiful  rhymer. 

POIGN'AN-CY,  (poin'an-sy,)  n.    Point— sharpness— the  power  of  irritation. 
POIGN'ANT,  (poin'ant,)  a.    Sharp— stimulating  the  organs  of  taste;  aS) 

poignant  sauce ;  pointed — severe. 
POIGN'ANT-LY,  (poin'ant-ly,)  adv.    Keenly. 
POIS'ON,  (poiz'n,)  n.    Any  agent  capable  of  producing  a  morbid  or  danger 

ous  effect  on  animal  life, 
PO-LO-N  AlSE',  (po-lo-naze',)  )  m.    A  diess  adopted  from  the  fashion  of  the 
PO-LO-NE$E',  (po-lo-neze',)  ^      Pole^:  sometimes  worn  by  ladies. 
POL-Y-NE'SIA,  (poI-e-nS'zha,)  n.    A  term  used  to  designate  numerous 

groups  of  islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
POL-Y-NE'SIAN,  (-nS'zhun.)  a.    Pertaining  to  Polynesia. 
POR'CE-LAIN,  (por'se-hn,)  n.    The  finest  species  of  earthenware. 
POR'POISE,  (por'pus,)  n.    In  zoology,  a  term  applied  to  cetaceous  mam- 
mals of  the  genus  Phocffina, 
PORTE,  n.    The  government  of  the  Turkish  empire,  officially  called  the 

Sublime  Porte, 
PORT-FO'JjlO,  (port-fol'yo,)  n.    A  case  to  keep  loose  papers  in. 
POR'TI-CO,  (por'te-ko,)  71.    A  covered  space  at  the  entrance  of  a  buildiof^. 
POR'TRAlT,  (poi'trale,)  n,    A  picture  of  a  person,  di-awn  from  the  life. 
PoR-TliAY'ED,  (por-trade',)  pp.    Painted  or  drawn  to  the  life— described. 
POS-TE'RI-OR,  a.    Later  or  subsequent  in  time. 
POS-TE'RI-ORS,  n.  pi.    The  hinder  pai'ts  of  an  animal  body. 
POST'HU-MOUS,  (post'hu-mus,)  a.    Published  after  the  death  of  the  au- 

tlior — bom  after  the  death  of  the  parent. 
PO'TA-KLE,  (po'ta-bl,)  a.    Drinkable— that  may  be  drank. 


Fj$TE,  far,  F4LL,  VVH4T.— BIETE,  PRgY.— FINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BQQK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  169 

PO'TENT-ATE,  n.  A  person  possessing  great  power :  a  sovereign— aa  em- 
peror, &c. 

POU-CHONG',  (poo-shong',)  n.    A  kind  of  black  tea. 

PRA€'T1CE,  (prak'tis,)  v.  t.  [The  orthograpliy  of  the  verb  ought  to  be  iho 
same  as  that  of  the  noun. — JV.  IVcbstcr.]  To  do  or  perform  frequently  or 
habitually. 

PRAI'RIE,  (pra're,)  n.  A  level  tract  of  land,  destitute  of  trees,  and  covered 
with  tall  grass. 

PKANCE,  (prans,)  v.  i.    To  spring  or  bound— to  ride  ostentatiously. 

PRAY'ER,  (prare,)  n.    In  worship,  a  solemn  address  to  the  Supreme  Being, 

PRAY'KR-BOQK,  n.  A  book  containing  prayers,  or  the  forms  of  de- 
votion, • 

PRAY'ER-ryL,  a.    Given  to  prayer— devotional. 

PREB'END,  71.    The  stipend  or  maintenance  granted  to  a  prebendary. 

PREB'END-A-RY,  n.    An  ecclesiaatic  who  enjoys  a  prebend. 

In.    Priority  in  time ;  as,  the  preced- 
ence of  one  event  to  another ;  the 
act  or  state  of  going  before. 
PRE-C£D'ENT,  (pre-seed'ent,)  a.    Going  before  in  time;  as,  precedent  la- 
bors, precedent  crime 
PREC'E-DENT,  (pres'e-dent,)  n.    Something  done  or  said  that  may  be  ad- 
duced as  an  example  at  a  subsequent  time. 
PREC'1-PICE,  (pres'e-pis,)  n.    A  steep  descent  of  land. 
PRE-DI-LE€'TION,  (pre-de-lek'shuii,)  re.    A  prepossession  of  mind  In  favor 

of  something. 
PREF'ACE,  (pref'ase,)  n.    Something  spoken  or  written  as  introductoi7  to  a 

discourse  or  book. 
PREFACE,  7j.  t.    To  introduce  by  preliminary  remarks;  as,  to  preface  a 

book  or  discourse. 
PREJ'IJ-DICE,  (predju-dis,)  n.    Prepossession— a  previous  bent  or  bias  of 

mind  for  or  against  any  person  or  thing, 
11.  ■   .■  == 

TONE,  BULL,  IGNITE.- AN"GER,  vrciOUS.- €  as  K;  C  as  J;  $  as  Z; 
CH  M  SH ;  TH  as  ia  THIS. 

15 


170  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

PREL'ATR  or  PRELATE    n.     A  clergjman  of  a  superior  order,  as  a« 

archbishop,  bishop,  &c. 
PRE.M'IER,  (picm'yer,)  n.    The  first  minister  of  state— the  prime  minister. 
PREM'IER-SHIP,  (prem'yer-ship,)  n.    The  office  or  dignity  of  the  first  min* 

ister  of  state. 
PRE'SA6E  or  PRES  A6E,  n.    Something  which  foreshows  a  future  event 

— a  prognostic. 
PRE'SCI-ENCE,  (pre'she-ens,)  n.    Knowledge  of  events  before  they  take 

place — foreknowledge. 
PRE'SCI-ENT,  (pre'she-€nt,)  a.    Foreknowing. 

PRES'TI6E,  (pres'tij,)  n.  Fr.    Fascination— charm— illusion— imposture. 
PRE-TENSE',  n.»  A  holding  out  or  offering  to  others  something  false  or 

feigned — assumption. 
PRE'TER-IT,  a.    Applied  to  the  tense  in  grammar  which  expresses  an 

action  or  being  perfectly  past  or  finished. 
PRET'TI-LY,  (prit'ti-ly,)  adv.    In  a  pretty  manner— pleasingly. 
PRETTY,  (prit'ty,)  a.    Handsome,  neat— of  a  pleasing  form. 
PRE-VAR'I-€ATE,  v.  t.    To  quibble— to  shuffle— to  evade. 
PRE-VENT'IVE,  a.    Tending  to  hinder.    [Preventative  is  a  gross  blunder.— 

fVcbstcr.'] 
PRl'.MA  DON'NA,    (pre'ma-don  nu,)   It.    The  first    female    singer    in    an 

opera. 
PRI'MA  FA'CI-E,  (prT'ma-fa'she-e,)  L.    At  first  view  or  appearance. 
PRT'MUM  MOB'I-LE,  L.    First  cause  of  motion. 
PRIS'TINE,  (pris'tin,)  a.    First— primitive— original. 
PRO-BOS'CIS,  7!.    The  snout  or  trunk  of  an  elephant,  and  also  of  insects. 
PRO'CE.S  VER'BAL,  (pro'sa-var'bal,)   Fr.    In   French   law,  an   authentic 

minute  of  an  official  a"t. 
PROCESS  (pros'ess,)  n.    Proceedings— course — experiment :  in  anatomy,  a 

bony  protuberance. 
PRO€-II-RA'TION,  (prok'yu-ra'shun,)  n.    The  act  of  procining. 


FATE,  FAR,  F^JLL,  WH4.T.— METE,  PREY,— PINE,  MARINE,  DIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BQOK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  1^1 

PRO€'TI-RA-TOR,  (prok'yu-ra-tor,)  n.    Under  the  Roman   eaperora,  a 

title  given  to  certain  governors  of  provinces. 
PROD'UCE,  (prod'duse,)  n.    That  which  is  produced— product. 
PRO'FILE,  (pro'fll  or  pro'feel,)  n.    A  head  or  portrait  represented  eide- 

wise. 
RO'GRAJIME,  (pro'gram,)  n.    A  brief  outline  of  a  performance  or  enter* 

tainment. 
PROG'RESS,  n.    A  moving  or  going  forward. 
PRO-GRESS',  V.  i.    To  move  forward  in  space — to  advance. 
PRO'LOGUE,  (pro'log,)  n.    The  preface  or  introduction  to  a  discourse  or 

performance. 
PROM-E-NADE',  i;.  i.    To  walk  for  amusement  or  exercise. 
PROMULrG  A'TION,  n.    The  act  of  promulgating— publication. 
PROPH'E-CY,  (prof'e-se,)  n.    A  prediction — a  declai-ation  of  something  to 

come. 
PROPH'E-St,  (profe-sy,)  v.  i.    To  utter  predictions. 
PRUPU'ET,  (profit,)  n.    One  that  foretells  future  events. 
PRO-PIN'QUI-TY,  (pro-pink'we-te,)  n.   Nearness  in  place  or  time — nearness 

of  blood. 
PRO-PI"TIATE,  (pro-pish'ate,)  v.  t.    To  conciliate— to  appease. 
PR0-P1"TIA-TED,  (pro-pish'a-ted,)  pp.    Conciliated  and  rendered  favorable. 
PR0-P1"TI- A'TION,  (pro-pish-e-a'shun,)  n.    The  act  of  making  propitious. 
PRO  RATA,  (pro  ra'tah,)  /,.    In  proportion. 
PRO-SPE€T'US,  n.    The  plan  of  a  literary  work,  containing  the  general 

subject  or  design. 
PRO-TE-CE',  (pro-te-zha',)  n.  Fr.    One  under  the  care  and  protection  of 

another. 
PRO-TEM'PO-RE,  L.    For  the  time  bein^ 

PROT-ES-T A'TION,  n.    A  solemn  declaration  of  opinion— a  protest. 
PRO-THON'0-TA-R  Y,  n.    A  register  or  clerk  of  a  court— a  notary ;  in  En- 
gland, an  officer  in  the  court  of  King's  Bench. 

TCNE,  BULL,  IJNITE.— AN"GER,  vi"CIOUS.— €  asK;6asJ;SasZ; 
CH  as  SH ;  Til  as  in  THIS. 


172  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

PROVOST,  (prov'ust,)  n.  lu  a  general  sense,  a  person  who  is  appointed  to 
pi'eside  over  somettiinc;. 

PSEC'DO,  (su'do.)     A  prefix  signifying  false,  counterfeit,  or  spurious. 

PSt-€HOL'0-GY,  (sT-liol'o-je,)  n.  A. discourse  on  the  soul,  or  the  doctrine 
of  man's  spiritual  nature. 

PUER-ILE,  (pu'er-il,)  a.    Boyish,  childish,  trilling. 

PC'IS-SANCE,  n.    Power,  strength,  force. 

PU'IS-SANT,  a.    Strong,  powerful ;  as,  a  puissant  monarch  or  empire. 

PUL-VER'U-LENT,  a.    Powdery — consisting  of  fine  powder— dusty. 

PUN€-TIL'IO,  (punk-tH'yo,)  n.  A  nice  point  of  exactness  in  conduct, 
form,  or  ceremony. 

PUN€-TIL'IOUS,  (punk-til'yus,)  a.  Very  exact  in  the  observance  of  rules 
and  forms  prescribed  by  law  or  custom. 

PUN€-TIL'IOUS-NESS,  (punk-til'yus-ness,)  n.  Exactness  in  the  observance 
of  rules  and  forms. 

PUN€'Tlf-AL,  (punkt'yu-al,)  a.  Punctilious  in  observing  time,  appoint- 
ments, or  promises ;  exact 

PUN€'TtJ-ATE,  (punkt'yu-ate,)  v.  t.  To  designate  sentences  or  other  divi- 
sions of  a  writing  by  points. 

PUN€-TIJ-A'TION,  (punkt-yu-5'shun,)  n.  In  grammar,  the  act  or  art  of 
pointing  a  writing  or  discourse. 

PUN€'TIiRE,  (punkt'yur,)  n.  The  act  of  perforating  with  a  pointed  instru- 
ment. 

PUNJAUB',  71.  The  counti-y  forming  the  north  part  of  Ilindoostan,  be- 
tween the  Uimmaleh  Mountains  and  the  Indus. 

PU-RIF'I-€A-TIVE,  (pu-rifi-ka-tiv,)  a.    Having  power  to  purify. 

PUR'POSE,  (pur'pus,)  v.  t.    To  resolve— to  intend— to  design. 

PC  RU-LENT,  a.    Consisting  of  pus  or  matter. 

PC'TA-TIVE,  a.  Supposed,  commonly  thought  or  deemed ;  as,  the  puta 
live  father  of  a  child. 

PY-LOR'I€,  a.    Pertaining  to  the  pylorus ;  as,  the  pyloric  artery. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  VVII4T.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BQQK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  173 

PY-RriES,  (py-rl'tez,)  n.    A  combination  of  sulphur  with  iron,  copper, 

cobiilt,  or  nickel. 
PYR'0-TE€H-NY,  (pir'o-telc-ne,)  jt.    Tlie  art  of  making  flre-works. 
pyR-0-TE€H'NIST,  71.    One  skilled  in  pyrotechny. 

f  YTH'0-NESS,  n.    A  sort  of  witch — the  priestess  who  gave  oracular  an- 
swer at  Delphi. 


THE  MENAGERIE. 

Having  from  childhood  a  penchant  or  predilection 
for  zoolog)^  I  accepted  with  pleasure  the  invitation  of 
some  friends,  who  proposed  to  patronize  the  proprietors 
of  a  menagerie.  A  large  tent  was  pitched  near  a 
beautiful  parterre ;  and  on  the  outside  of  it  there  was 
posted  a  printed  programme  or  list  of  the  animals  and 
the  performances.  Our  slow  progress  in  getting  into 
the  tent  particularly  tried  our  patience,  owing  to  the 
efforts  of  some  who  were  anxious  to  pass  ahead  of 
others.  It  was  one  of  the  largest  collections  of  wild 
animals  that  had  ever  been  exhibited  in  the  country. 
The  puissant  manager,  who  was  a  sort  of  poetaster, 
made  an  extemporaneous  prologue  to  the  patrons, 
winding  up  witli  a  peroration  about  the  rules  and  regu- 
lations with  the  grace  and  prestige  of  a  modern  prima 
donna.     Having   passed  on  toward  the  center  of  the 

TONE,  BULI.,  IJNITE.— AN"GER,  VI'CIOUS.— €  as  K ;  6  as  J  ;  $  .is  Z; 

clI  as  SH  ;  Til  as  in  THIS. 

15* 


174  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 


tent,  we  observed  the  white  bear  panting  from  Iieat. 
while  the  elephant  from  Punjaub  was  coolly  taking  his 
pulverulent  food  with  his  proboscis.  There  was  an 
animal  which  at  a  distance  looked  like  a  pegasus ;  but 
on  approaching  nearer  to  it  we  found  it  to  be  a  kind  of 
palfrey,  Avhich  was  caught  on  a  plateau  in  Mexico. 
The  animal  had  a  huge  pannier  on  his  back,  filled  with 
patent  purificative  drugs.  By  the  side  of  this  depot  of 
potable  medicines,  there  stood  a  pretty  petit-maitre, 
recommending  with  great  protestations  the  pecuharity 
nf  each  article,  and  producing  the  testimony  of  a  phy- 
sician and  one  skilled  in  pharmaceutics  as  to  their 
curative  virtues  in  cases  of  phthisis,  pneumonitis,  in- 
flammations of  the  peritoneum,  the  pyloric  orifice,  and 
the  pharynx. 

Another  preparation  was  of  great  use  in  palatial 
affections,  relieving  the  system  from  the  poignancy  of 
pain,  and  restoring  it  to  its  pristine  vigor.  He  por- 
trayed with  great  pretense  the  wonderful  puissance  of 
a  piquant,  placid  plaster  in  removing  latent  poison  and 
purulent  matter  from  the  blood.  This  last  antidote 
was  made  of  pigeon  berries,  piony  leaves,  and  phos- 
phorous acid.  In  close  propinquity  to  us,  there  was  a 
puerile  pastime,  which  afforded  much  pleasurable  ex- 
citement to  a  group  of  boys.  An  orang-outang,  with 
a  peruke  on  his  head,  seemed  to  feel  as  much  pride  as 
a  premier  in  his  premiership.  He  was  making  a  pony 
practice  a  pirouette ;  and  during  the  process  he  caused 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  iVS 


n  the  aninr  al  to  prance  in  such  a  manner  as  to  throw  him 
off,  and  thus  ended  the  pantomime.  A  petiel  and  par- 
aquet,  perched  on  a  pedestal,  were  endeavoring  to  pro- 
pitiate the  company  by  their  vocal  powers.  While  the 
tent  was  filled  to  its  utmost  capacity,  a  prebendary, 
who  was  a  distinguished  prelate,  was  robbed  of  his 
pocket-book.  The  person  charged  with  the  act  at- 
tempted to  prevaricate,  but  a  magistrate  present  per- 
emptorily ordered  an  officer  to  ari'est  him.  Some  time 
afterward  he  was  sent  to  the  penitentiary,  as  a  pro- 
pitiation to  the  violated  laws  of  his  country.  As  we 
were  passing  on,  for  the  purpose  of  viewing  the  largest 
animals,  we  were  struck  by  the  appearance  of  a  patient 
looking  creature,  with  a  large  plait  in  his  mane,  sitting 
quietly  on  his  posteriors.  By  the  influence  of  the 
plenipotentiary  at  the  court  of  the  Sublime  Porte,  the 
proprietor  propitiated  a  Turkish  pacha,  so  that  he  con- 
sented to  part  with  the  animal  after  receiving  a  large 
pecuniary  consideration.  I  purpose  to  describe  a  non- 
descript, for  the  procuration  of  which  the  manager  was 
indebted  to  a  Polynesian  potentate,  whose  pariahs  were 
enabled  to  capture  it  at  the  foot  of  a  precipice.  This 
animal  was  very  punctilious  about  his  food,  eating 
enormous  quantities  of  produce,  and  making  a  noise, 
when  attacked,  almost  as  loud  as  the  report  of  a  Paix 
han-gun. 

A  great  number  of  persons  were  present,  whose  pat- 
ronage contributed  to  the  prosperity  of  the   concern. 


1*76  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

Among  others,  we  noticed  the  Parisian,  who  lectures  I 
on  pathetism,  psychology,  and  Parnassian  poetry ;  and 
also  a  person  who  had  published  a  prospectus  for  a 
new  paper,  from  the  tenor  of  which  one  is  led  to  sup- 
pose that  he  aspires  to  the  position  of  a  general  pacific- 
ator, by  proposing  pacificatory  measures  for  the  pacific- 
ation of  the  extremes  of  all  parties.  We  make  no 
pretension  to  prescience,  or  of  being  a  prophet,  or  of 
being  endowed  with  a  spirit  of  prophecy  ;  yet,  without 
any  prejudice  against  this  parvenu,  we  do  prophesy 
that  he  .will  not  succeed,  unless  matters  progress  differ- 
ently from  what  they  usually  do.  We  further  noticed 
the  prothonotary,  with  his  protege  and  paramour,  pret- 
tily dressed  in  her  polonaise  ;  the  pseud  o  provost  with 
his  portfolio,  who  seemed  desirous  of  having  precedence 
of  others ;  the  honored  pastor,  with  his  prayer-book 
under  his  arm  ;  the  pedant  and  plagiarist,  wliose  pla- 
giarism was  well  known.  Having  been  convicted  of  pla- 
giary, by  the  testimony  of  a  member  of  parliament  wlio 
thoroughly  understood  parliamentary  matters ;  and  after 
pairing  off  with  a  member,  produced  at  a  bookstore 
the  preface  of  a  work  which  the  above  person  had 
copied  verbatim  :  a  transaction  without  precedent  in 
literary  pilfering. 

The  posthumous  works  of  a  prescient  philosopher, 
who  had  elaborated  a  theory  for  promulgation  respect- 
ing the  influence  of  comets  on  the  Pleiades  and  Pisces, 
W(;re  pilferei  from  by  the  same  person. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  177 

In  a  kind  of  portico  there  was  a  piano-forte,  with  a 
large  pedal  attaclied.  The  music  from  the  instrument 
was  veiy  exhilarating,  and  well  adapted  protempore  as 
a  preventive  of  despondency. 

After  looking  at  four  more  rarities,  one  of  which  was 
caiight  on  a  prairie,  another  brought  from  Polynesia, 
the  third  from  the  Spanish  peninsula,  and  the  last  an 
enormous  porpoise,  which  was  kept  in  water,  we  went 
into  another  apartment  filled  with  various  curiosities 
and  works  of  art :  A  portrait  of  a  Roman  procurator, 
which  was  painted  at  a  time  posterior  to  the  building 
of  the  temple  of  Janus  ;  a-  beautiful  palankeen  ;  an  an- 
cient treatise  on  palmistry,  written  during  the  palmy 
days  of  Rome  ;  a  picture  of  the  plebeian  who  displayed 
such  heroic  valor  at  the  battle  of  Pharsalia  ;  a  mammoth 
panorama  ;  articles  of  porcelain,  papier-mache,  and  pa- 
pyrus ;  a  silk  parachute,  that  lay  directly  in  our  path ; 
an  ancient  stone  pestle,  which  perchance  was  used  to 
pulverize  grain ;  and  a  pinchbeck  canister  filled  with 
pouch  ong  tea,  which  was  past  use  fi'om  the  loss  of  its 
freshness. 

As  this  was  the  season  of  the  year  for  the  celebration 
of  pasch  or  passover,  or  feast  of  Easter,  many  of  the  chil- 
dren had  pasch-eggs  of  various  colors.  At  this  stage 
of  our  visit  the  manager  made  a  peremptory  announce- 
ment that  the  pyrotechnist,  who  was  always  punctual 
in  exhibiting  his  skill  in  pyrotechny,  would  commence 
the  display  on  the  ringing  of  the  bell.     After  leaving 


1*78  MISCELLANEOUS  "WORDS. 

the  exhibition,  we  overheard  a  person  reading  from  a 
paper  something  about  the  palladium  of  American 
liberty.  We  supposed,  from  the  manner  of  his  read- 
ing, that  he  knew  but  little  about  punctuation,  or  the 
rules  which  enable  one  to  punctuate  correctly.  And 
he  probably  did  not  know  the  distinction  between  the 
preterit  or  perfect  tense  and  the  present  participle,  and 
would,  of  course,  be  unable  to  name  the  parts  of  speech 
of  such  words  as  pant,  pare,  parse,  pasture,  per  diem, 
perquisite,  persiflage,  phalanx,  Philistine,  pierce,  piquan- 
cy, plover,  poignant,  poignantly,  punctilio,  puncture, 
pyrites,  and  pythoness. 


The  Oaken  Bucket. 

How  dear  to  my  heart  are  the  scenes  of  mj  childhood, 

When  fond  recollection  presents  them  to  view ! 
The  orchard,  the  meadow,  the  deep-tangled  wild-wood, 

And  every  loved  spot  which  my  infancy  knew ; 
The  wide-spreading  pond,  and  the  mill  that  stood  by  it. 

The  bridge,  and  the  rock  where  the  cataract  fell ; 
The  cot  of  my  fiither,  the  dairy-house  nigh  it, 

And  e'en  the  rude  bucket  which  hung  in  the  well. 
'J"he  old  oaken  bucket, — the  iron-bound  bucket, — 
The  moss-covered  bucket  which  hung  in  the  welL 


MISCELLANEOUS  TVORDS.  1*79 


QUAFF,  (kwiif,)  V.  t.    To  drink— to  swallow  in  large  draughts. 

QUAL'I-FI-ED,  (kwol'e-fide,)  pp.  or  a.  Kilted  by  accomplishments  or  en> 
dowments — modified. 

QUAL'I-Ft,  (kwol'e-fy.)      To  fit  for  any  place,  ofiice,  or  character. 

QUAL'I-TV,  (kwol'e-ty,)  n.  Property — that  which  belongs  to  a  body  or 
substance. 

QUALM,  (kwam.)  n.    A  sensation  of  nausea — a  scruple  of  conscience. 

QUAN'TI-TY,  (kwon'te-te,)  n.  A  mass  or  collection  of  matter  of  indeterm- 
inate dimensions. 

QUAR'AN-TiNE,  (kwor'an-teen,)  n.  Restraint  of  intercourse  to  which  a 
ship  is  subjected,  on  the  presumption  that  she  may  be  infected. 

QUAR-AN-TiN'ED,  (kwor-an-teend',)  pp.  Restrained  from  communication 
with  the  shore  for  a  limited  period. 

QUA'SI,  L.  A  word  used  to  express  resemblance ;  as,  a  quasi  contract,  an 
implied  contract. 

QUAS'SIA,  (kwosh'ya,)  n.  The  name  of  a  genus  of  plants— a  medicinal 
article. 

QUAY,  (ke.)  n.  A  mole  or  bank  formed  for  the  purpose  of  loading  and 
unloading  vessels. 

QUES'TION,  (ques'chun,)  n.  The  act  of  asking— an  interrogatory— the  sub- 
ject of  debate. 

QUID'NUN€,  (quid'nunk,  L.  what  now.)  One  who  is  curious  to  know,  or 
pretends  to  know  all  occurrences. 

QUI'NINE,  71.    A  medicine  much  used  in  the  treatment  of  agues. 

QUIN-TES'SENCE,  n.    The  essential  part  i.f  a  thing. 

QUI  VIVE,  (ke  veev.)  The  challenge  of  a  French  sentinel ;  hence,  to  be 
on  the  qui  vive,  is  to  be  on  the  alert. 


FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.- PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  I5QQK.— TUNE,  BULL,  UNITE.-AN" 
GER,  Vl'CIOUS.— €  as  K  ;  C  as  J ;  S  as  Z  ;  CH  as  SH  ;  TH  as  in  THIS. 


180  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

QUOIT,  (kwoit,)  n.    A  stone,  or  circular  ring,  to  be  pitched  or  thrown  at  a 

fixed  object. 
QUOTH,  (kwuth  or  kwuth,)  v.  i.    To  say— to  speak.    (Used  only  in  ludio 

reus  language.) 


THE  EMIGRANT. 

An  emigrant  Avho  had  but  recently  arrived  in 
this  country,  and  who  was  hardly  qualified  to  decide 
upon  all  questions  which  might  arise,  complained  with 
reason  against  the  owners  of  vessels  for  allowing'  the 
captains  to  crowd  their  ships  with  so  many  passengers, 
thereby  vitiating  the  quality  of  the  air. 

He  stated  that  when  he  came  to  this  country, 
about  a  year  ago,  there  were  too  many  in  the  ves- 
sel, and  that  a  few  of  the  passengers  were  sick,  and 
were  obliged  to  take  quassia  and  quinine,  and  other 
medicines.  He  described  the  sensations  of  the  emi- 
grants as  they  approached  the  shores  of  the  new 
world.  They  were  all  on  the  qui  vive  to  catch  the 
first  faint  glimpse  of  the  country,  which  was  to  them 
the  quintessence  of  their  present  hopes. 

After  arriving  at  the  quarantine,  the  qualms  he 
had  felt  subsided ;  and  while  quarantined  in  the  bay 
be  had  an  opportunity  to  quaff  a  quantity  of  fresh 
water,  which  invigorated  him  very  much.  On  arriving 
at  the  quay  in  the  city,  a  quidnunc  on  board  was 
observed,  taking  notes  with  great  alacrity. 


MIRCELLVNEOUS  WORDS.  181 


{lA  €A,  (riih'ka,)  n.    A  gyriac  word,  signifi'ing  foolish ;  a  term  of  extremi 

contempt.    Matt.  v.  22. 
RAD'ISH,  7^.     A  well-known  plant. 
RAFT,  n.    An  assemblage  of  boards  or  timbers  floated  down  a  stream— • 

float. 
RA-GOUT,  (ra-goo',)  n.  Fr.    A  high-seasoned  dish. 
RAIL'LER-Y,  (ral'ler-y,)  n.    Banter — good-humored  pleasantry,  or  slight 

satire. 
RAI'SIN,  (ra'zn,)  n.    A  dried  grape. 
RA'. 


LA'JAH,  ) 

>  n.    In  ! 
:A'JA,     S 


India,  a  native  prince  or  king. 
RAV      '  1  i'  o 

RAJ-POOT',  n.    A  Hindoo  of  the  military  order. 

RAN-CHE'RO,  (ran-tsha'ro,)  n.  In  Mexico,  a  herdsman;  a  peasant  em- 
ployed on  a  rancho.    Tbcy  are  a  wild,  lawless  set. 

RANCH'O,  (ran'tsho,)  n.  In  Mexico,  a  small  hamlet,  or  large  farming  es- 
tablishment  for  rearing  cattle  and  horses. 

RAN'€OR,  (rank'ur,)  n.    Deep-seated  and  implacable  malice. 

RAN'€OR-OUS,  (rank'ur-us,)  a.    Deeply  malignant — implacably  malicious. 

RAP'INE,  (rap'in,)  n.    The  act  of  plundering — pillage— violence. 

RAE*'TT|RE,  (rapt'yur,)  n.    Transport— enthusiasm — ecstasy. 

RA'RA  A'VIS,  n.  L.    A  rare  bird — an  unusual  person. 

RARE,  a.    Uncommon,  unusually  excellent — thin — nearly  raw. 

RARE'LY,  adv.    Not  often ;  as,  things  rarely  seen. 

RASP,  7!.    A  species  of  file. 

RASP'BER-RY,  (raz'ber-re,)  n.    The  fruit  of  a  bramble  or  species  of  Rubus. 

RA-TIOC-I-NA'TION,  (ra-shos-e-na'shun.)  m.  The  act  or  process  of  rea. 
soiling. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE.  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE.  MOVE,  WQLF,  BQOK.— TUNE,  BULL,  UNITE.— AN' 
GEE,  VI"CIOUS.— €  aa  K ;  C  as  J ;  S  as  Z ;  CH  as  SH  ;  TH  m  in  THIS. 
16 


182  MISCELLANEOUS  "WORDS. 

RA'TIO,  (ra'sho,)  n.    Proportion,  rate,  degree. 

EA'TiON-AL,  ('ra'shuii-al  or  rash'un-al,)  a.  Endowed  with  reason — agreea» 
ble  to  reason. 

RA-TION-A'LE,  (ra-shun-a'Ie  or  rash-un-5'le,)  n.  A  series  of  reasons  as- 
signed— an  account  or  solution  of  the  principles  of  some  opinion,  action, 
hypothesis,  &c. 

RAVEL,  (rav'I,)  v.  t.  To  untwist,  to  disentangle ;  as,  to  ravel  out  a  twist, 
to  ravel  out  a  stocking. 

RA-VINE',  (ra-veen',)  n.  A  long,  deep,  and  narrow  hollow  or  pass  through 
mountains. 

REA'SON,  (rg'zn,)  n.  The  cause,  ground,  motive,  or  principle  of  any  thing 
said  or  done. 

RE-CEIPT',  (re-seet',)  n.  The  act  of  receiving— a  writing  acknowledging 
the  taking  of  money  or  goods,  a  recipe. 

RE-CESS',  n.  Retirement — a  niche— private  abode — suspension  of  business 
for  a  brief  period. 

RE'CIIAB-ITES,  (rg'kab-ltes,)  n.  pi.  Among  the  ancient  Jews,  the  de- 
scendants of  Jonadab,  the  son  of  Rechab,  (rS'kab,)  who  abstained  from  all 
intoxicating  drinks. 

RE-CHER'CHE,  (ra-shar'sha,)  Fr.  Literally,  sought  out  with  care;  hence, 
nice  to  an  extreme  ;  unnatural. 

EECI-PE,  (res'i-pe,)  n.  A  medical  prescription — a  receipt  for  making  al- 
most any  mixture  or  preparation. 

REO-I-PROC'I-TY,  (res-e-pros'e-te,)  n.  Equal  mutual  rights  or  benefits  to 
be  yielded  or  enjoyed. 

REC-I-TA-TIVE',  (res-e-ta-teev',)  n.  In  music,  a  species  of  singing  ap- 
proaching toward  ordinary  speaking. 

RECK'ON,  (rek'n,)  v.  i.  To  reason  with  one's  self,  to  think,  to  suppose ;  as, 
I  reckon  he  has  arrived. 

RE-CLUSE',  (re-kluse',)  n.  A  person  who  lives  in  retirement — a  monk — a 
hermit. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  VVMAT.— METE,  PRE  V.— PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BQQK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  183 

RE€-OG-NI"TION,  (.rek-og-uish'uu,)  n.    Acknowlcdgmcut — formal  avowal 

— memorial. 
EE-€OG'NI-ZA-BLE,  (re-kog'ue-za-bl  or  re-kon'e-za-bl,)  a.    That  may  be 

recosiiized  or  known. 
EE-€OG'NI-ZANCE,  (re-kog'ne-zans  or  re-kon'e-zans,)  n.    Avowal— in  law, 

an  obligation  of  record  which  a  man  enters  into  before  some  coiu-t,  with 

condition  to  do  some  particular  act. 
REG'OG-NIZE,  (rek'og-nize  or  rek'o-nlze,)  v.  t.    To  recollect — to  admit 

with  a  formal  acknowledgment. 
KE-COG-NI-ZEE',  (re-kog-ne-zee'  or  re-kon-e-zee',)  n.    The  person  to  whom 

a  recognizance  is  made. 
RE-COG-NI-ZOR',  (re-kog-ue-zor'  or  re-kon-e-zor',)  n.    One  who  enters  into 

a  recognizance. 
RECOG-NIZ-ING,  j);(r.    Acknowledging — recollecting  as  known — entering 

a  recognizance. 
RE€'ON-DITE,  (rek'kon-dlte,)  a.    Secret— profound— abstruse. 
RE-€ON'NOIS-SANCE,  n.  Fr.    The  examination  of  a  tract  of  country. 
RE-eoURSE',  (re-korse',)  n.    A  going  to  with  a  request  or  application,  an 

for  aid  or  protection. 
RED'( 
RED'( 

RED'0-LENT,  a.    Having  or  diflfusmg  a  sweet  scent. 
RE-DU€'TI-0  AD  AB-SUR'DUM,  (re-duk'she-o  ad  ab-sur'dum,)  L.    The 

proving  that  a  given  supposition  leads  directly  to  an  absurdity. 
REF'ER-A-BLE,  a.    That  may  be  referred — that  may  be  assigned. 
REGIME',  (ra-zheem',)  n.    Government — mode  of  living — administration- 
order. 
RE6'I-MENT,  n.    In  miUtary  affairs,  a  body  of  men  usually  commanded  by 

a  colonel. 
RE-LAY',  71.    A  supply  of  horses  on  the  road,  in  readiness  to  relieve  others. 
RE-LIN'-QUISII,  (re-link' wish,)  v.  t.  To  give  up— to  quit— to  withdraw  from. 

TCNE,  ByU.,  IJNITE.— AN"GER,  VI"CIOUS.— €  asK;easJ;SasZ; 
CH  as  SH :  TH  as  in  THIS. 


I'O-LENCE,  ) 

>  n.    Sweet  scent. 
i'0-LEN-CV,  S 


184  MISCELLAKEOUS  WORDS. 


REL'I-QUA-RY,  n,    A  small  box  or  casket,  ia  which  relics  are  kept. 

RE-MAND'ED,  pp.    Called  or  sent  back. 

REN'DEZ-VOUS,  (ren'de-voo,)  n.    A  place  appointed  for  the  assembling  of 

troops,  or  the  port  where  ships  are  to  join  company. 
KE-PAIR',  (re-pare',)  v.  t.    To  restore  to  a  soimd  or  good  state — to  mako 

amends. 
REP'A-RA-BLE,  a.    That  may  be  repaired — that  may  be  retrieved. 
REP'A-RA-BLY,  adv.    In  a  manner  admitting  of  resiuration. 
REP'ER-TO-RY,  n.    A  place  in  which  things  are  disposed  in  an  orderly 

manner — .1  treasury — a  magazine. 
REP'TILE,  (rep'til,)  n.    An  animal  that  moves  on  its  belly,  or  nearly  so ; 

as  snakes,  lizards,  &c. — a  mean  person. 
REP'lJ-TA-BLE,  a.    Held  in  esteem — being  in  good  repute. 
REP'TI-TA-BLY,  adv.    With  reputation— without  discredit ;  as,  to  flU  an 

office  reputably. 
REQ'UI-SITE,  (rek'we-zit,)  a.    Required  by  the  nature  of  things— neces- 
sary, needful. 
RES-ER-VOIR',  Crez-er-vwor',)  n.    A  place  where  any  thing  ia  kept  in 

store ;  a  cistern,  raill-pond,  &c. 
RES'IN,  (rez'in,)  n.    Resins  are  solid,  inflammable  substances,  insoluble  in 

water,  but  soluble  in  alcohol  and  in  the  essential  oils. 
RES'IN-OUS,  (rez'in-us,)  a.    Partaking  of  the  qualities  of  resin. 
RES'O-NANCE,  (rez'o-nans,)  n.    A  reverberation  of  sound  or  sounds ;  as 

resounding. 
RES'0-NANT,  (rez'o-nant,)  a.    Resounding — echoing  back. 
RE-SOURCE',  n.    Any  source  of  aid  or  support. 

RES'PITE,  (res'pit,)  n.    Delay — pause,  interval  of  rest — in  law,  reprieve. 
RES'TAU-RANT,  (res'to-riing,)  n.  Fr.    An  eating-house. 
RES-TAU'RA-TEUR,   (les-lor'a-tur,)   n.   Fr.    The    keeper    of   an    eating' 

house. 
RF,-SU-MF/,  (ra-zu-ma',)  JFV.    A  condensed  statement — a  summing  up. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BQQK. 


MISCKLLAHEOUS  WORDS.  185 

RE-TAIL',  V.  t.  To  sell  in  small  quantities— to  tell  in  detached  parts;  ai^ 
to  retail  slander. 

RET'l-NA,  n.    An  expanaion  of  the  optic  nerve  over  the  boUom  of  the  eye. 

RE-VEIL'LE,  (re-val'ya,)  n.  In  militaiy  affairs,  the  beat  of  drum  about 
the  break  of  day. 

REV'0-€A-BLE,  a.    That  may  be  recalled  or  repealed.  '^ 

REV-0-€A'T10N,  n.    The  act  of  recalling— repeal— reversal. 

RI-AL'TO,  (re-iil'to,)  n.  It.    The  name  of  a  famous  bridge  at  Venice. 

RIB'ALD-RY,  n.    Mean,  vulgar  language. 

RIGHT'EOUS,  (ri'chus,)  a.    Equitable— just— accordant  to  the  divine  law. 

RIGHT'EOUS-NESS,  (rt'chus-ness,)  n.    Purity  of  heart,  and  rectitude  of  life. 

RINSE,  (rins,)  v.  t.    To  cleanse  by  the  introduction  of  water. 

RINS'ED,  (rinst,)  pp.    Cleansed  with  a  second  water. 

ROD-0-MONT-ADE',  n.    Empty  bluster— vain  boasting— rant. 

ROIL,  V.  t.  To  render  turbid  by  stirring  up  the  sediment— to  excite  soma 
degree  of  anger. 

ROIL'ED,  (roild,)  pp.  Rendered  turbid  or  foul  by  stirring  the  sediment— 
ongered  slightly. 

RO-MANCE',  (ro-mnns',)  n.  A  febulous  relation  of  adventures  and  inci- 
dents— a  fiction. 

ROQ'UE-LAUR,  (rok'e-lor,)  «.    A  cloak  for  men. 

ROS'IN,  (roz'in,)  n.    (This  is  only  a  different  orthography  of  resin.) 

ROU-E',  (roo-5',)  n.  Fr.    A  sensualist— a  debauchee. 

ROUGE,  (roozh,)  a.  Fr.    Red. 

ROUGE,  (roozh,)  v.  t.    To  paint  or  tinge  with  rouge. 

ROUG'ED,  (roozhd',)  pp.    Tinged  with  rouge,  as  the  face. 

ROUGE'-ET-NOIR',  (roozh'5-nwii',)  [Fr.  red  and  black.]     A  game  at  cards. 

ROU-LEAU',  (roo-lo',)  n.  Fr.    A  little  roll— a  roll  of  coins  in  paper. 

ROU-LETTE',  (roo-let',)  n.  [Fr.  a  little  ball  or  roller.]    A  game  of  chance. 

ROUTE  or  ROUTE,  n.  The  course  or  way  which  Is  traveled,  or  to  b9 
traveled. 


TX>NE,  ByLL,  IGNITE.— AN"GEK,  vrCIOUS.— €  as  K;  C  as  J;  S  aa  Z* 

OFI  as  SH  ;  TH  as  lB  THIS. 

16* 


186  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS, 


ROU-TiNE',  (roo-tcen',)  n.    A  round  of  business  or  amusements,  fl'equcatly 

pursued. 
ROUT,  (rowt,)  n.    A  rabble — a  fashionable  assembly  or  large  evening  party, 
RtJDE,  a.    Uneven,  rough — of  coarse  manners— unpolished— violent, 
RUF'FIAN,  (ruf'yaii,)  "•    A  boisterous,  brutal  fellow— a  robber. 
RUF'FIAN-ISM,  (ruf'yan-izm,)  n.    The  net  or  conduct  of  a  ruffian. 
RU-PEE',  n.     A  coin  and  money  of  account  in  the  East  Indies. 
EUP'TIfRE,  (rupt'yur,)  n.    The  act  of  breaking  or  bursting. 
RUSE,  (luze,)  n,  F>-.    Trick,  stratagem,  artifice,  fraud,  deceit, 
RCSE  DE  GUERRE',  (ruze-de-gar',)  Fr.    A  stratagem  of  war. 
RtJS'SlAN,  (ru'shan  or  rush'au,)  a.    Pertaining  to  Russia. 


THE  KESTAURANT. 

Isr  a  certain  city  there  is  a  temperance  restaurant, 
which  is  a  good  model  for  other  establishments  of  a 
like  kind.  The  restaurateur,  who  has  abundant  re- 
sources, is  enabled  to  retail  his  rare  and  redolent  dishes 
in  a  manner  quite  reputable  to  himself,  furnishing  every 
thing  requisite  for  a  rational  entertainment. 

In  a  recess  one  will  recognize,  at  the  proper  season, 
raspberries,  fresh  raisins,  radishes,  and  materials  for  a 
ragout ;  also  a  large  reservoir,  filled  with  water,  to 
rinse  the  dishes  not  already  rinsed.  No  rancor  or  I'an- 
f-orous  feeling  is  exhibited  here,  no  rude  ribaldry  or 
ruffianism,  or  any  thing  tending  to  roil  the  disposition 
is  tolerated. 

The  ruffian  and  the  ranchero,  who  is  raised  at  the 


MISCELLAKEOUS  WORDS.  187 

rancho,  and  is  given  to  rapine,  can  monopolize  all  tlie 
romance  pertaining  to  reckless  lawlessness. 

Having  an  inflammation  of  the  retina  of  one  eye, 
which  was  referable  to  the  excessive  use  of  that  organ, 
I  had  occasion  to  procure  a  receipt  or  recipe  at  a  drug 
store  while  on  my  way  to  a  temperance  meeting ;  I 
also  piu'chased  some  resin,  and  a  resinous  substance  of 
much  redolence,  which  was  somewhat  roiled ;  a  little 
rouge,  which  I  rarely  had  occasion  to  use,  and  a  rel- 
iquary completed  my  purchases. 

There  was  a  large  number  of  persons  present  at  the 
temperance  meeting,  all  of  whom  seemed  inspired  with 
the  righteousness  of  their  cause.  The  colonel  of  a 
reariment  had  left  his  rendezvous  to  attend  the  gather- 
ing,  and  was  loudly  called  upon  for  a  speech. 

He  said  the  question  before  the  audience  was  rather 
a  recondite  one  to  him,  that  he  could  make  a  recon- 
noissance  more  easily  than  a  speech  ;  but,  if  they  would 
be  satisfied  with  his  mode  of  ratiocination,  he  would  go 
into  what  he  considered  the  rationale  of  the  subject. 
The  revocation  of  the  license  laws,  if  they  were  revoca- 
ble, was  highly  desirable. 

He  exposed  with  some  raillery  the  rodomontade  to 
which  some  persons  had  recourse,  in  order  to  bring 
about  a  rupture  among  the  friends  of  the  cause.  He 
said  it  Avas  a  ruse  of  the  enemy,  and  that  a  reptile  that 
crawled  in  a  ravine,  or  a  well-rouged  roue  over  his  rou- 
lette or  rouge-et-noir,  had  higher  claims  to  reason  and 


188  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

common  sense  than  the  person  whose  influence  tended 
to  undermine  the  foundations  of  society. 

Anotlier  speaker  declared,  with  a  loud  resonant 
voice,  that  he  would  sooner  repair  to  a  raft,  relinquish 
his  claims  on  society,  and  live  a  recluse,  without  recog- 
nizing any  one,  than  go  through  the  route  and  routine 
of  the  bacchanal.  After  a  short  respite,  a  Rechabite 
spoke  with  rapture  of  the  reciprocity  of  feeling  exhibited 
in  tl\is  righteous  cause  between  the  different  societies. 

He  distinctly  recollected  a  person  of  the  old  regime, 
whose  strong  breath  was  recognizable  at  quite  a  dis- 
tance, but  who  considered  his  condition  reparable,  and 
was  at  the  present  time  reputably  engaged  in  a  profit- 
able business.  The  different  speakers  pronounced  the 
following  words  improperly,  viz. :  Raca,  rajpoot,  rara 
avis,  rasp,  ratio,  recherche,  recitative,  reckon,  recog- 
nition, recognizance,  recognizee,  recognizor,  redolency, 
relay,  remanded,  repertory,  resonance,  resume,  reveille, 
rialto,  roquelaur,  rouleau,  rout,  and  ruse  de  guerre. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  180 


S. 

SAB'A-OTH,  n.  Armies:  a  word  used,  Romans,  ix.  29;  James  v.  4,  ("The 
Lord  of  Sabaoth.") 

SA-BOT',  (sii-bo  .)    A  wooden  shoe. 

SAe'CHA-RINE,  (»ak'ka-riu,)  a.  Pertaining  to  sugar — having  the  qualities 
of  sugar. 

SAC-ER-DO'TAL,  (sas-er-do'tal,)  a.    Pertaining  to  priests,  or  the  priesthood. 

SACRA-MENT,  (salc'ra-ment,)  n.  A  religious  ordinance — the  Eucharist  or 
Lord's  Supper. 

SA€'Rl-FICE,  (sak're-fize,)  v.  t.  To  immolate— to  destroy  or  surrender  for 
the  sake  of  obtaining  something. 

SA€'Rl-FICE,  (sak're-flzo.)  n.  An  offering  to  God— a  loss  incurred  for  gain- 
ing an  object — destruction. 

SA€'RI-F10ED,  (sak're-fiza,)p;).  Offered  to  God  upon  an  altar— surren- 
dered— destroyed. 

SA€'RI-FIC-1NG,  (sak're-flz-ing,)  ppr.  Offering  to  God  upon  an  altar— sur- 
rendering— destroying. 

SA€'RI-LE6E,  (sak're-lig.)  n.  The  crime  of  violating  or  profaning  saaed 
things. 

S.\€-RI-LE'6I0US,  a.    Violating  sacred  things— containing  sacrilege. 

SACRIST- Y,  (sak'ris-te,)  n.  An  apartment  in  a  chmxh  where  the  sacred 
utensils  are  kept. 

SA6'IT-TAL,  (saj'it-tal,)  a.    Pertaining  to  an  arrow— resembling  an  arrow. 

SA6-IT-TA'RI-US,  (saj-it-ta're-us,)  n.  [L.  an  archer.]  One  of  the  twelve 
signs  of  the  zodiac 

SAID,  (sed,)  pret.  and  pp.  of  saij.    Declared — uttered — reported— aforesaid. 

S  A-LINE',  a.    Consisting  of  salt — partaking  of  the  qualities  of  salt 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARiNE,  BTRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  VVQLF,  BOOK.— TUNE,  BULL,  IJNITE.- AN" 
GER,  vrciOUS.— €  as  K ;  6  as  J ;  S  as  Z ;  CH  as  SH  ;  TH  as  in  THI3. 


190  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

BAL-MA-GUN'DI,  (sal-ma-gun'de.)  A  dish  for  the  table — a  mixture — sn 
olio  or  medley. 

SALM'ON,  (sam'muu,)  re.    A  fish  of  a  yellowishTed  color,  of  the  genus  Salmo. 

SAL'SI-FY,  (sal'se-fe,)  n.  A  plant,  often  called  the  Oyster  Plant,  from  its 
taste  when  fried. 

SA-LtJ'TA-TO-RY,  a.  Greeting— an  epithet  applied  to  the  oration  which 
introduces  the  exercises  of  the  commencements  in  American  colleges. 

SALVE,  (silv,)  n.  An  adhesive  composition  to  be  appjied  to  wounds  ot 
sores— remedy — help. 

SAN€'TII-A-RY,  (sankt'yu-a-re,)  n.  A  sacred  place — the  temple  at  Jerusa- 
lem— a  church— shelter — protection. 

SANG  FROID,  (siing-fi-wii,)  n.  [Fr.  cold  blood.]  Coolness— indifference — 
freedom  from  agitation  of  mind. 

SAN'HE-DRIM,  n.  The  ecclesiastical  and  cxvW  council  of  the  Jews,  consist- 
ing of  about  seventy-two  members. 

SANS,  (sang,)  prep.  Fr.    Without. 

BANS  €U-LOTTES',  (sang-ku-lof.)  [Fr.  without  breeches.]  Ragged  fel- 
lows— an  epithet  of  reproach  applied  to  the  extreme  republican  party  in 
the  first  French  Revolution. 

SANS  SOU-Cl',  (sung  soo-see',)  Fr.    Without  care — free  and  easy. 

SA'PI-ENT,  a.    Sage — wise — discerning. 

SAP'PHI€,  (saf'fik,)  a.  Pertaining  to  Sappho,  a  Grecian  poetess ;  as,  Sap- 
phic verse  or  odes. 

SAR'A-CEN,  n.    An  Arabian,  so  called  from  sara,  a  desert. 

SAR-SA-PA-RIL'LA,  n.     A  plant;  a  species  of  Smilax. 

SA'TIATE,  (sa'shate,)  v.  t.    To  satisfy  appetite  or  desire — to  fill— to  glut. 

SAT'IRE,  71.  Keenness  and  severity  of  remark — a  censorious  discourse  or 
poem. 

SATIR-IST  n.    One  who  writes  satire. 

SAT'UU.\-INE,  a.  Dull — heavy— grave— not  readily  susceptible  of  excite- 
ment. 

PATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  rREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  RTRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WOLF,  BQQK. 


M'SCELLANKOUS  WORDS.  191 


SA'TYR,  (sS'tur,)  71.  In  mythology,  a  sylvan  deity,  represented  as  a,  mon* 
Bter. 

SAUCE,  (aawse.)  A  mixture  or  compositicm  to  be  eaten  with  food  for  im- 
proving its  relish. 

SAU'CER,  (saw'ser,)  n.  A  piece  of  china  or  other  ware  in  which  a  tea-ciip 
or  coffee-cup  is  set. 

SAU'CY,  (saw'sy,)  a.    Rude— bold  to  excess— impudent. 

SAUN'TER,  (san'ter,)  v.  i.    To  wander  about  idly— to  loiter. 

SAU'SAOE,  (saw'sc'ije,)  n.  Tlie  intestine  of  an  animal  stulfcd  with  minced 
meat  seasoned, 

SA-VANT',  (sii-vang',  n.  pi.  savans,)  Fr.  A  man  of  learning;  in  the  plural, 
literary  men. 

S€ARCE,  (gkarse,)  a.    Not  plentiful  or  abundant — rare — uncommon^ 

SCATH'ED,  (skatht,)  i>p.    Damaged— destroyed— wasted. 

SCATH'ING,  (skalh'ing,)  ;!pr.    Destroying— damaging — injuring. 

SCHIST,  (shisi,)  n.    In  geology,  a  rock  having  a  slaty  structure. 

S€HO'LI-AST,  (skS'le-ast,)  n.    A  commentator  or  annotator.     - 

Scro-LIST,  (si'o-list,)  n,    A  smatterer— one  who  knows  little. 

SCI'RE  FA'CI-AS,  (sl're  f§'she-as.)  n.  L.    In  law,  a  judicial  writ. 

S€IR'RHOUS,  (skir-,)  a.  Indurated— proceeding  from  scirrhua;  as,  scirrboua 
affections,  scirrhous  disease. 

S€LA-VO'NI-AN,  (ekla-vB'ne-an,)  a.  Pertaining  to  the  Sclavi,  or  to  their 
language. 

S<JLE-ROT'I€,  (skle-rot'ik,)  a.  Firm— hard ;  as,  the  sclerotic  coat,  or  outer 
membrane  of  the  eye. 

S€RIFTtIRE,  (skript'yur,)  n.  A  writing— the  books  of  the  Old  and  New 
Testament. 

S€UI<P'TIJRE,  (skulpt'yur,)  n.  The  art  of  carving  or  cutting  wood  or  stone 
into  various  images. 

SCYTH'I-AN,  (sith'e-an,)  a.  Pertaining  to  Scythia,  (sith'e-a,)  a  name  form- 
erly given  to  the  northern  part  of  Asia,  and  Europe  adjoining  to  Asia. 

TCNE,  BULL,  IJNITE.— AN"GER,  Vl"CIOUS.-  €  as  K;  6  na  J;  S  as  Z} 
CH  as  SII ;  TH  ar  in  THIS, 


102  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

SE-DAN',  n.     A  portable  chair  or  covered  vehicle. 

SED'A-TIVE,  a.    In  medicine,  moderating,  allaying  irritability. 

SED'A-TIVE,  n.     A  medicine  which  allays  irritability  and  irritation. 

SEINE,  (seen,)  n.    A  large  net  for  catching  fish. 

SEN'ES-OHAL,  (sen'e-shal,)  n.  A  steward— an  officer  who  has  the  super- 
intendence of  feasts  and  ceremonies  in  the  houses  of  princes  and  dignitaries. 

SE'NILE,  a.    PerUiining  to  old  age. 

SEN-IGR'I-TY,  (sEn-yor'e-te,)  n.  Eldership  —  superior  age  —  priority  of 
birth — priority  in  office. 

SEN'TIENT,  (sen'shent,)  a.  Having  the  faculty  of  perception.  Man  is  a  sen- 
tient being. 

SE'POY,  n.  A  native  of  India,  employed  as  a  soldier  in  the  service  of  Eu- 
ropean powers. 

SEP'TU-A-6INT,  a.  Pertaining  to  the  Septuagint,  contained  in  the  Greek 
copy  of  the  Old  Testament. 

SE-RAS'KlER,  (se-ras'keer,)  n.    A  Turkish  general. 

SER'GEANT,  (siir'jent,)  n.  A  military  officer— a  civic  title— in  England,  a 
lawyer  of  the  highest  rank. 

SER'R[-ED,  (ser'rid,)  pp.  or  a.    Compacted — crowded ;  as,  serried  files. 

SERVILE,  (serv'il,)  a.  Slavish— such  as  pertains  to  a  servant  or  elavft— 
cringing — fawning. 

SEW,  (so,)  V.  t.    To  unite  with  a  needle  and  thread. 

SEWED,  (sode,)  pp.    United  by  stitches. 

SEWER,  (su'er,)  n.    A  subterraneous  drain,  particularly  in  cities. 

SHAFT,  n.  An  arrow — in  mining,  an  entrance  into  a  mine — the  body  of  a 
column — any  thing  sti'aight. 

SHAH,  n.    The  title  given  to  the  monarch  of  Persia. 

SHEK'EL,  (shek'l,)  n.    An  ancient  weight  and  coin  among  the  Jews. 

SHtB'BO-LETH,  n.     In  modern  usage,  the  criterion  of  a  party. 

SHI  LOH,  (shT'Io,)  n.   The  name  given  to  the  Messiah  by  Jacob.  Gen.  xlix.  10. 

SHREWD,  (shrude,)  a.    Cunning— sly — artful— sagacious. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BQQK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  193 

BHRIVE,  V.  t.    To  hear  or  receive  the  confession— to  administer  confession, 

as  a  priest. 
SI€  TRAN'SIT  GI.O'RI-A  MUN'DI,  L.    Thus  passes  away  the  glory  at 

the  world. 
SI-DE'RE-AL,  a.    Pertaining  to  stars— astral ;  as,  sidereal  light— starry  ;  aa, 

sidereal  regions. 
srEN-tTE,  i  n.    A  compound  rock,  composed  of  quartz,  hornblende,  and 
St'EN-ITE,  \      feldspar. 
Si-ER'RA,  n.  Sp.    A  word  meaning  saw,  used  to  designate  a  ridge  of  mountp 

ains  and  craggy  rocks. 
Si-ES'TA,  (se-es'tah,)  n.  Sp.    A  short  sleep  about  the  middle  of  the  day,  or 

after  dinner 
SIE'UR,  (se'ur,)  n.  JV.    A  title  of  respect  used  by  the  French. 
SIG-NIF'I-eA-TIVE,  a.    Expressive  of  a  certain  idea  or  thing. 
SIL'HOU-ETTE,  (sil'oo-et,)  n.    [Fr.  from  the  name  of  the  improver.]    A 

profile. 
SI-Ll"CIOUS,  (so-lish'us,)  a.    Pertaining  to  silex. 
SIL'LI-LY,  (sil'le-ly,)  adv.    Foolishly— in  a  silly  manner. 
SI-MUL-TA'NE-OUS,  a.    Existing  or  happening  at  the  same  time. 
SI-MUL-TA'NE-OUS-LY,  adv.    At  the  same  time. 
SI'NE-CURE,  (sy'ne-kure,)  n.    An  office  which  has  a  revenue  without  en^ 

ployment — a  benefice  without  cure  of  souls. 
BI'NE-€CR-ISM,  (sy'ne-kar-izm,)  n.    The  state  of  having  a  sinecure. 
SI'NE-etJR-IST,  M.     One  who  has  a  sinecure. 
SI'NE  QUA  NON,  L.    An  indispensable  condition. 

srNE  DI'E.    [Z-.  without  day.]    An  adjournment  sine  die  is  an  adjourn- 
ment without  fixing  the  time  of  reassembling. 
SI'REN,  a.    Pertaining  to  a  Siren— fascinating ;  as,  a  Siren  aong. 
ISI-RO€'€0,  (se-rok'ko,)  n.    A  relaxing  wind  from  the  Libyan  deserts. 
SLANT'ING,  ppr.  or  a.    Having  an  obli<[ue  direction — inclining  from  a  right 

line. 

TCNE,  BULL,  IJNITE.- AN"GER,  VI"CIOUS.— €  as  K;  6  as  J;  S  as  Z; 
CH  as  SH :  TH  as  in  THIS. 

17 


194  MISCELLANEOUS  "WORDS. 

SLOTH  or  SLOTH,  n.    Lnzineas— slowness— disinclination  to  action. 

SLOTH'FUL  or  SLOTHTUL,  a.    Inactive— Indolent— idle. 

SLOUGH,  (slou,)  n.    A  hole  full  of  mire. 

SLOUGH,  (sluff,)  n.  The  part  that  separates  from  a  foul  sore — the  caat  sUn 
of  a  serpent. 

SLOUGH,  (sluff,)  V.  i.    In  surgery,  to  come  off  from  the  sound  flesh. 

SLOUGH'y,  (slou'e,)  a.    Miry— full  of  sloughs. 

SLOVEN,  (sluv'en,)  n.    A  man  habitually  negligent  of  neatness  and  order. 

SOAP'-SUDS,  n.pl.    Water  weU  impregnated  with  soap. 

SOB-Rl-QUKT',  (sob-re-ka',)  n.  Fr.    A  nickname. 

SOCAGE,  (sok'ajc,)  n.  In  English  law,  a  tenure  of  lands  and  tenements 
by  service. 

SOFT'EN,  (3of  n,)  v.  t.    To  make  soft— to  mollify— to  make  less  harsh. 

SOr  DI-SANT,  (swa'de-zang'.)    Pretended— self-styled— calling  himself. 

SOIR-EE',  (swar-a',)  n.    [Fr.  soir,  evening.}    An  evening  party. 

BO'CIA-BLE,  (s6'8ha-bl,)  a.  Free  in  conversation— that  may  bo  coiy 
joined. 

SO'JOURN-ER,  (s5'jum-er,)  n.  A  stranger  who  dwells  in  a  place  for  a 
time. 

SOL'AGE,  n.    Comfort  in  grief— alleviation  of  grief  or  anxiety. 

SOL'E-CISM,  n.  Impropriety  in  language — incongruity  of  words — any  im- 
propriety. 

SOL'EMN,  (sol'em,)  a.    Devout— grave— serious. 

SOM-N  AM'BU-LISM,  n.    The  act  of  walking  In  sleep. 

SOM'NO-LENT,  a.    Sleepy— inclined  to  sleep— drowsy. 

BO-NA'TA,  n.    A  tune  intended  for  an  instrument. 

SOOT,  n.    A  substance  fonned  by  combustion. 

SOOTH'SAY-ER,  n.    A  prognosticator— a  foreteller. 

SOP-0-RIF'I€,  a.    Causing  sleep— tending  to  cause  sleep. 

SO-PRA'NIST,  n.    A  treble  singer. 

SO-PRA'NO,  n.    The  treble— the  highest  female  voice. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PRF.Y.- PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD  - 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BQOK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 


SORTIE,  (sor'te,)  n.   The  issuing  of  a  body  of  troops  from  a  besieged  place 

to  attack  the  besiegers- 
SOU,  pi.  sous,  (soo,)  n.    A  French  coin :  the  20th  port  of  a  franc  in  value. 
SOUTH'RON,  (suth'ron,)  n.    An  inhabitant  of  the  more  southern  part  of  a 

country. 
SOUTH'ER-LY,  (suth'er-ly,)  a.     Lying  at  the  south— coming  from  the 

south  ;  as,  a  southerly  wind. 
BOUTH'VVARD,  (suth'ard,)  adv.    Toward  the  south  ;  as,  to  go  southward 
SOUV'E>NJ(R,  (soov'e-neer,)  n.  Fr.    A  remembrancer. 
SOV'ER-EIGN,  (suv'er-in,)  n.    A  supreme  ruler — a  king — a  gold  coin. 
SOV'ER-EIGN-TV,  (suv'er-in-te,)  n.  Supremacy— supreme  power.  Absolute 

sovereignty  belongs  to  God  only. 
SPA,  B.    A  general  term  or  name  for  a  spring  of  mineral  water. 
SPAN'IEL,  (span'yel,)  n.    A  sagacious  dog— a  cringing,  fawning  person. 
SPARSE,  (spiirs,)  a.    Thinly  scattered ;  as,  a  sparse  population. 
SPE'CIE,  (spe'shy,)  n.    Coin— copper,  silver,.or  gold  coined. 
SPE'CIES,  (spe'shez,)  n.    A  group  of  individuals  having  an  essential  iden- 
tity— sort,  kind,  &c. 
SPE'CIOUS,  (spe'shus,')  a.    Showy— apparently  right— appearing  well  at 

first  view ;  as,  a  specious  argument. 
SPERM-A-CE'TI,  (sperm-a-s5'te,)  n.    Fatty  matter  obtained  from  the  head 

of  the  spermaceti  whale. 
SPHERE,  (sfere,)  n.    An  orb  or  globe— a  circuit  of  action— rank — order  of 

society. 
SPHE'ROID,  n.    A  figure  approaching  to  a  sphere,  but  not  perfectly 

spherical. 
SPIKE'NARD,  (spik'nard.)  n.    A  vague,  popular  name  applied  to  many 

widely  different  plants — a  name  of  various  essential  oils. 
SPIN'ACH, )  (spin'aje,)  n.    A  plant  of  the  genus  Spinacia,  whose  leaves 
SPIN'A6E,  ^      are  boiled  for  greens. 
SPLEN'E-Tie,  n.    A  person  affected  wUh  spleen :  a.  peevish — fretful. 


TCNE,  ByiiL,  TJNITE.- AN"GER,  VI  CIOUS.— €  a8K;easJ;Sa3Z; 
CH  as  SH  ;  TEI  as  in  THIS. 


196  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

SPON-TA-NE I-TY,  n.  The  quality  of  acting  from  natural  foelii^  or  ten*- 
perament  without  restraint. 

SQUAL'ID,  (skwol'id,)  a.    Filthy— foul— extremely  dirty. 

SQUA'LOR,  n.    Coarseness — foulness— filthiness. 

SQUAN'DER,  (skwon'der,)  v.  t.  To  spend  prodigally — to  spend  lavishly — 
to  dissipate. 

STA'BAT  MA'TER,  n.  L.  A  celebrated  Latin  hymn,  beginning  wilh  theae 
words. 

STA€-€A'TO,  (stak-kii'to,)  It.  In  music,  denoting  a  short,  distinct,  articu- 
late style. 

STAFF,  n.  A  stick  carried  in  the  hand  for  support  by  a  person  w-^Uting — 
a  support. 

STA6'IR-ITE,  (staj'er-lte,)  n.  An  appellation  given  to  Aristotle  from  the 
place  of  his  birth,  Stagira,  in  Macedonia. 

STA-LACTITE,  (sta-lak'tyte,)  n.  A  pendent  mineral  cone,  attached  like 
an  icicle  to  the  roof  or  side  of  a  cavern. 

STAL'WART,  (stawl'wart,)  a.    Bold — strong— brave— daring — redoubted. 

STANCH,  V.  t.    To  stop  the  flowing  of  blood. 

STANCH,  a.  Firm— sound — strong  and  tight;  as,  a  stanch  ship;  firm  in 
principle. 

STAN'CHION,  (stan'shun,)  n.    A  post — a  prop  or  support. 

STATICS,  (stat'iks,)  ti.  That  branch  of  mechanics  which  treats  of  the 
forces  that  keep  bodies  at  rest. 

STAT-IS-TI"CIAN,  (stat-is-tish'an,)  n.  A  person  skilled  in  the  science  of 
statistics. 

STATtJE,  (stat'yu,)  n.    An  image  made  of  wood,  stone,  or  marble,  &c 

STAT'TJRE,  (stat'yur,)  n.    The  natural  hight  of  an  animal  body. 

STEAD  I-LY,  (sted'e-le,)  adv.  With  firmness — without  wavering  or  tot- 
tering. 

BTEPPE,  (step,)  n.  The  Russian  name  given  to  the  extensive  phdns  in 
Asia. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.-^ 
K6TE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  B90K. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  197 

BTE'RE-OTTPE,  a.    Pertaining  to  fixed  metallic  types— done  on  plates  of 

fixed  types. 
STE'RE-O-TtP-ED,   f?t5'ie-o-t5pt,)  pp.  or  a.    Formed  on  plates  of  fixed 

types — unchangL'able. 
STER'ILE,  (ster'il,)  a.    Unfruitful— not  fertile— barren ;  as,  sterile  land. 
STE'VE-DORE,  71.    One  whose  occupation  is  to  load  or  unload  vessels  in 

port. 
BTINT,  n.    Limit— bound— proportion  allotted.    The  workmen  have  their 

stint 
STIR'RUP,  (stur'rup,)  n.    A  well-known  appendage  to  a  saddle. 
STl'VER,  n.    A  Dutch  coin,  of  the  value  of  two  cents. 

STO-MA€H'I€,  (sto-mak'ik,)  n.    A  medicine  that  strengthens  the  stomach. 
STO'RI-ED,  (sie'rid,)  pp.  or  a.    Furnished  with  stories— related  in  story — 

told  or  recited  in  history. 
STRA-TE'6I€, 


-AL,  ^ 


C'A       » T    r  "•    Tertaining  to  strategy— effected  by  artifice. 
STRA-TE'Gl-C- 

STR.^TE-filST,  n.    One  skilled  in  strategy,  or  the  science  of  directing  great 

military  movements. 
STRA'TUM,  (pi.  stra'tums  or  stra'ta,)  n.  In  geology  and  mineralogy,  a  layer; 

as,  a  stratum  of  sand,  &c. 
BTREW,  (strO  or  strO.)  v.  U    To  scatter— to  spread  by  scattering. 
STREWED,  (strode,)  pp.   Spread  by  scattering ;  as,  sand  strewed  on  paper. 
STRICT  hRE,  (sirikt'yur,>  n.    A  stroke— critical  remark— censure. 
STRIP'ED,  (strTpt,)  pp.    Made  with  lines  of  diflerent  colors:  a.  having 

stripes  of  different  colors. 
BTRUC'TTIR-AL,  (strukt'yur-al,)  a.    Pertaining  to  structure. 
BTRUe'TIIRE,  (strukt'yur,)  n.    Act  of  building— manner  of  building— a 

building — an  edifice. 
ST^  DENT,  n.    A  person  devoted  to  books— one  engaged  in  study. 
STC'PE-FI-ED,  (-fide)  pp.  or  a.    Having  the  understanding  blunted— made 

dull  or  stupid. 

TONE,  BULL,  IGNITE.- AN"GER,  vrciOUS.- €  a3K;6asJ;SasZ; 

CH  asiSH;  TH  as  in  Tflia. 

17* 


198  MISCELLANEOUS  WOnDS. 

SUA'SION,  (swa'zhuD,)  n.    The  act  of  persuading. 

SUAV'[-TY,   (swav'e-le,)  ?».    Agreeablenesa — pleasantness ;  as,  suavity  of 

manners  or  address, 
SUB-ALTERN,  (sub-awi'tern,)  a.    Subordinate— inferior :  used  chiefly  of 

military  officers. 

SUB  RO'SA,  (3ub-ro'zali,)  L.  Literally,  under  the  rose— secretly— privately. 
• 

f  n.  The  act  of  sinking  or  faiUno;,  as  in  the  lees  of 
SUB-SI'DENCE,    I 

<  lifiuors — the  act  of  sinkin.  or  gradually  descending) 
SUB  SI'DEN-CY,  I 

'-      as  ground  or  water. 

SUB-SID'I-A-RY,  (snb-sid'e-a-re.)  a.  Aiding— assistant— furnishing  addi- 
tional supplies. 

SUB-STAN'TIATE,  (sub-stau'ahate,)  v.  t.  To  establish  by  proof  or  com- 
petent testimony. 

SUB-STRA'TUM,  {pi.  substrata,)  n.  L.  A  layer  of  earth  or  other  matter 
lying  under  another. 

BUB-SIST',  V.  i.    To  be— to  live — to  be  maintained  with  food  and  clothing. 

SUBTILE,  (sub'til,)  a.  Thin— not  dense ;  as,  a  subtile  air ;  a  subtile  me- 
dium— fine — delicate. 

SUBTILE,  (sut'tl,)  a.  Sly — cunning — artful — insinuating ;  as,  a  subtile  ad- 
versary. 

SUB  TLE,  (sut'il,)  a.    Artful— sly  in  design.    [See  Subtile.] 

SUBTIL-TY,  .(sut'tl-te,)  n.  Cunning— sly  in  design:  (sub'til-te,)  thinness, 
fineness. 

SUB'TLY,  (sut'tle,)  adv.    Cunningly— slily— artfully— delicately. 

SUB-URB'AN,  a.    Inhabiting  or  being  in  the  suburbs  of  a  city. 

SUF-FICE',  (suf-ftze',)  v.  t.    To  satisfy— to  content— to  supply— to  afford. 

SUF-FIC'ED,  (suf-flzd',)  pp.     Adequately  supplied— satisfied. 

SUF-FIC'ING,  (suf-fiz'ing,)  ;>;)r.    Supplying  what  is  needed — satisf^'ing. 

SUF  FRA-GAN,  a.    Assisting;  as,  a  suffragan  bishop. 

SUG'AR,  (shug'ar,)  n.  A  well-known  substance,  manufactured  chlefi| 
from  the  sugar-cane. 

ATE,  FAR,  FflLL,  WlUT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  EIRD,- 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  CQQK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  199 

BLJG-6ES'TI0N,  (aug-jest'yun,)  n.    Presentation  of  an  idea  to  the  tnlnd— « 

hint — insinuation. 
BC-I-CI'DAL,  (sii-e-sy'dal,)  a.    Partaking  of  the  crime  of  suicide 
SC-I-CI'DAL-LY,  (su'e-sy'dal-e,)  adv.    In  a  suicidal  manner. 
SC'I  gEN'ER-IS,  L.    Of  its  own  or  peculiar  kind— singular. 
SVIT,  (sute,)  n.    A  set — retinue— attendance— train.    (The  French  orlhog» 

raphy  suite,   (sweet,)  is  rejected  very  propeiiy  by   Dr.  Webster  and 

Jameson.) 
SUITE,  (sweet,)  n.  Fr.    Retinue.    [See  Suit,  above] 
SC'MAC,     1  (shu'mak,)  n.    A  plant  of  the  genus  RhuS)  used  in  tanning 
SC'MA€H, )      and  dyeing. 
SU-PER-FI"CIES,   (su-per-flsh'ez,)   n.  singular.     The   exterior  part  of  B 

thing — the  surface. 
SLT-PER-STRA'TUM,  n.    A  stratum  or  layer  above  another. 
BUP'PLE,  (sup'pl,)  a.    Flexible— pliant— easily  bent— yielding. 
SUP'PLE-NESS,  (Sup'pl-ness,)  7i,    The  quality  of  easily  yielding— readinesj 

of  compliance. 
SUU-MISE',  n.    The  act  of  Imagining  without  certain  knowledge— bus- 

picion. 
6UR-PASS',  V.  t.    To  go  beyond  in  any  thing  good  or  bad— to  exceed— to 

excel. 
BUR'PLICE,  (sur'pIiSj)  n,    A  white  garment  worn  by  the  Roman  Caiholic 

and  Episcopal  clergy. 
SUR'PLIOED,  (sur'plisL,)  a.    Wearing  a  surplice. 
SUR'PLUS-A6E,  n.    Sui-plus;  as,  eurplugage  of  produce  beyond  what  it 

wanted. 
SUR-VEIL'LANCE,  (sur-val'yans,)  n.  Fr.    Inspection- watch— oversight. 
StJT'TJRE,  (sut'yure,)  n,    A  sewing— the  seam  which  unites  tlis  bonea  of 

the  skull. 
BWARD,  n.    Turf— the  grassy  surface  of  land. 
SWE-DEN-BOR'GI-AN,  n.     A  follower  of  Emanuel  Swedenborg. 

TCNE,  DyLL,  TINITE.~AN"GER,  VrCIOU.'?.--€  as  K ;  C  as  J;  S  as  Z; 
CH  as  SH  ;  TH  as  in  THIS. 


200  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

SWORD,  (sword  or  s9rd,)  n.    A  weapon  worn  at  the  side,  used  for  cutting 

or  thrusting— justice. 
SYB'A-HITE,  n.    A  person  devoted  to  luxury  and  pleasure. 
BYN'O  NYM,  n,    A  word  having  the  same  signiflcation  as  another,  is  Its 

synonym. 
SYN-ON' Y-MOUS,  (syn'on'e-mus,)  o.    Expressing  the  same  thing— having 

the  same  meaning. 
SYR'INGE}  (sir'inj,)  n.    An  instrument  for  injecting  liquids  into  animal 

bodies. 


BOOKS, 


The  reader  wlio  is  fond  of  books,  may  find  some 
satisfaction  in  the  following  brief  description  of  a  lot 
of  miscellaneous  works,  which  the  writer  of  this  exer- 
cise had  the  opportunity  of  examining  while  at  a  book* 
Store.  The  books  which  first  attracted  our  attention 
Were  those  of  a  theological  character. 

A  treatise  by  a  learned  scholiast  on  Passages  of 
Scripture  in  the  Septuagint,  received  the  sanction  of 
the  Jewish  Sanhedrim.  A  vocabulary  was  appended 
to  the  work,  giving  a  full  definition  of  the  following 
words,  viz. :  Sabaoth,  sacerdotal,  sacrament,  sacrifice, 
sacrificing,  sacrilege,  sacrilegious,  sacristy,  sanctuary, 
shrive,  solemn,  soothsayer,  surplice,  surpliced,  shekel, 
and  Shiloh. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  201 

The  author  of  the  next  work  had  been  a  sojourner 
for  a  short  time  at  the  court  of  the  Shah  of  Persia, 
whose  sovereignty  was  more  unlimited  than  that  of 
any  other  sovereign.  He  related  the  incidents  of  a 
sortie  made  by  a  Sepoy,  who  was  a  sergeant,  and  a 
great  strategist.  A  subaltern  officer  was  wounded 
during  the  maneuver,  and  was  carried  in  a  sedan  to  a 
spa,  Avhich  was  on  a  steppe  at  no  great  distance. 

The  biographies  of  a  Saracen,  a  Turkish  seraskier,  a 
Scythian,  and  a  treatise  on  the  Sclavonian  Language, 
contained  but  little  that  would  interest  the  American 
reader. 

A  work  on  Dietetics  contained  important  suggestions. 
The  author  stated  that  a  person  who  would  subsist  on 
fruits  that  contained  a  portion  of  sugar  or  saccharine 
matter,  and  such  vegetables  as  salsify  and  spinach,  and 
suffice  his  appetite  with  a  small  quantity  of  meat,  would 
have  more  suppleness  of  body  than  the  Sybarite,  who 
pursues  a  suicidal  course  by  eating  saline  substances, 
salmon,  sausages,  and  highly  seasoned  sauce. 

A  book,  written  by  a  subtile  student  of  medicine, 
recommended  a  daily  siesta  as  a  good  sedative  for 
splenetic  persons,  and  gave  a  recipe  for  making  an  ex- 
cellent salve  to  soften  scirrhous  affections,  and  remove 
the  slough  from  troublesome  eruptions,  A  preparation 
of  sarsaparilla,  spikenard,  spermaceti,  and  other  mate- 
rials, was  considered  as  a  potent  specific  for  the  solace 
of  somnolent  persons,  and  for  individuals  troubled  with 


202  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 


somnambulism.  It  was  also  recommended  as  a  sto- 
machic, and  as  being:  ffood  in  cases  of  stricture  and 
structural  derangement. 

The  work  of  a  sapient  statistician  and  shrewd  agri- 
culturist treated  of  sterile  soils,  and  stating  that  if  soot 
and  the  contents  of  sewers  were  strewed  over  the  soil 
without  stint,  after  the  sward  was  turned  under,  the 
stratum  below  would  be  much  improved.  It  was  also 
suggested  that  the  farmer  should  strew  a  common 
saucer  full  of  soot  around  the  roots  of  each  fruit-tree, 
and  make  free  use  of  the  syringe  in  removing  every 
species  of  insects. 

A  tract  on  Astronomy,  by  a  learned  savant,  main- 
tained a  peculiar  theory  in  reference  to  Sagittarius  and 
the  sidereal  regions.  Another,  by  a  mere  sciolist,  treat- 
ed of  the  sagittal  suture  and  the  sclerotic  coat  of  the 
eye ;  and  a  third,  on  Geology,  described  the  structui'e 
of  schist,  sienite,  the  stalactite,  silicious  formations,  and 
presented  a  long  article  to  substantiate  a  subtile  theoiy 
in  regard  to  the  subsidence  of  land  and  water  in  various 
places. 

A  small  pamphlet,  recently  stereotyped,  contained 
advice  for  those  involved  in  the  sphere  of  squalid  pov 
ei'ty.  It  stated  that  beneath  all  the  squalor,  there  Wci.* 
a  substratum  of  humanity  identical  with  that  of  \X\^ 
refined  and  gifted ;  tliat  the  spectacle  of  men  of  stal- 
wart stature  beino-  oblicred  to  saunter  about,  and  often 
failing  to  procure  the  means  of  sufficing  the  wants  ot 


MISCELLANEOUS  "WORDS.  203 

their  families,  was  an  evidence  of  the  stupefied  stale  of 
society  on  this  subject. 

The  industrious  female,  "who  continued  to  se"W  stead- 
ily until  she  had  sewed  enough  to  remove  the  hue  of 
health  from  her  countenance,  could  not  even  then  be 
free  from  the  scathing  influences  of  "want. 

A  soporific  satire  of  a  "would-be  satirist  presented 
nothing  significative  of  good  judgment  or  sense.  It 
"was  silhly  contrived,  and  "would  easily  satiate  a  person 
of  refinement.  It  represented  the  office  of  a  seneschal 
as  a  sinecure,  and  the  soiree  or  sociable  over  "which  he 
presided  as  being  attended  by  supple  slaves,  "who  as- 
sisted the  sinecurist  to  squander  the  surplusage  of  his 
master's  larder. 

It  was  quite  a  relief  to  turn  to  the  salutatory  oration 
of  a  young  man  endowed  with  spontaneity  of  thought 
and  sua"vity  of  manners.  He  said  that  health  was  often 
sacrificed  by  the  imprudent  scholar ;  that  a  little  learn- 
ing sufficed  one  with  a  saturnine  temperament ;  that 
good  students  were  scarce  ;  that  some  of  those  who 
were  under  the  surveillance  of  professors  and  tutors 
contrived  by  some  subtilty  or  solecism  to  escape  cen- 
sure. That  the  shibboleth  of  party  was  of  but  little 
force  with  the  Southron  or  the  Northener. 

A  small  vocabulary,  consisting  chiefly  of  musical 
terms,  gave  the  spelled  pronunciation  of  every  word 
except  the  following,  viz. :  soprano,  staff,  sentient, 
siren,  sonata,  sopranist,  suasion,  surmise,  souvenir,  spe- 


204  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

cious,  shaft,  sculpture,  storied,  stereotype,  and  stac- 
cato. 

A  salmagundi  or  medley  had  in  it  an  endless  number 
of  subjects.  It  narrated  the  adventures  of  a  soi-disant 
traveler,  who  was  known  by  a  singular  sobriquet,  and 
stated  that,  Avhile  traveling  in  the  suit  of  an  embassa- 
dor, he  was  much  annoyed  by  the  sirocco.  The  author 
also  dilates  upon  sinecurisms,  statics,  a  superstratum  of 
serried  rocks  on  the  coast  of  Norway,  a  method  of 
measuring  the  superficies  of  spheroid  figures,  the  phi- 
losophy of  the  learned  Stagirite,  a  theory  of  the  in- 
fluence of  southerly  winds  on  vessels  going  southward, 
and  also  giving  a  brief  enumeration  of  the  qualities  of 
sumac. 

In  a  work  published  by  a  careless  printer,  the  fol- 
lowing words  were  improperly  spelled,  viz. :  sabot, 
sans,  satyr,  scathed,  seine,  senile,  seniority,  sierra,  sil- 
houette, simultaneous,  simultaneously,  sine  qua  non, 
sine  die,  slanting,  slough  (a  mud-hole),  sloven,  soap- 
suds, socage,  spaniel,  sparse,  specie,  stanch 

Also  stanchion,  statue,  stevedore,  stirrup,  stiver, 
strategic,  striped,  suffragan,  suicidally,  synonym,  sya^ 
onymous,  and  Swedenborna" 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  205 


T. 

TAB'LEAU,  (tab'lo,)  n.  Fr.  A  striking  and  graphic  repreeentation — a  pic- 
ture. 

TAB'LEAUX  VlL'VANTS,  (tab'lo-ve'vang,)  Fr.  Living  pictures— a  rep- 
resentation of  some  scene  by  a  group  of  persons. 

TA'BLE  D'HOTE,  (ta  bl-dot,)  Fr.  A  common  table  for  guests  at  a  French 
hotel. 

TA€'TILE,  (tak'til,)  a.  Susceptible  of  touch— that  may  be  felt;  as,  tactile 
qualities. 

TA'EN,  (tane.)    The  poetical  contraction  of  taken. 

TAM-BOUR-INE',  (tara-boor-een',)  n.  A  small  shallow  drum  with  only  one 
skin,  played  on  with  the  hand. 

TAP'ES-TRY,  n.    Woven  hangings  of  wool  and  silk. 

TAP-I-O'CA,  (tap-c-6'kah,)  n.  The  popular  name  of  the  fecula  obtained 
from  the  cassada  plant, 

TAR'IFF,  71.    A  list  of  duties  to  be  paid  on  goods  imported  or  exported. 

TAR-PAU'LIN,  (tiir-paw'Un,)  n.  A  name  given  to  hats  covered  with 
painted  or  tarred  cloth — a  piece  of  canvas  covered  with  tar. 

TASK,  n.    Business  imposed  by  another — burdensome  employment. 

TAS'SEL,  n.  A  pendent  ornament  attached  to  curtains,  and  ending  in  loose 
threads.  • 

TAUNT,  (tant,)  n.    Bitter  or  sarcastic  reproach— upbraiding  words. 

TE  DE'UM,  n.  L.    A  hymn  to  be  sung  in  churches  or  on  occasions  of  joy. 

TE'Dl-OUS,  (te'de-us,)  a.    Wearisome— tiresome  from  continuance— slow. 

TE  DI-UM,  (t(5'de-um,)  n.    Wearisomenoss — irksomeness. 

TEL-EG'RA-PHY,  7j.  The  art  of  communicating  intelligence  by  a  telegraph. 

TEN'DER-LOIN,  n.    A  tender  part  of  fiesh  in  the  hind  quai-ter  of  beef. 


FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.- METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BTRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WOLF,  BOOK.— TONE,  BULL,  TJNITE.— AN " 
GER,  VrClOUS.— €  as  K  ;  6  as  J  ;  S  as  Z ;  CH  as  SH  ;  T [I  as  in  THIS. 

18 


206  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

TEN'ET,  n.  Any  principle,  doctrine,  or  dogma  which  a  person  maintains 
as  true. 

TEN'IIRE,  (ten'yur,)  n.  Holding — the  particular  manner  of  holding  real 
estate. 

TEP'ID,  a.    Lukewarm — moderately  warm. 

TER'CI-VER-SATE,  (ter'je-ver-sate,)  v.  i.    To  practice  evasion— to  shift. 

TERP-SI€H-0-RE'AN,  (terp-sik-o-r5'an,)  a.  Relating  to  Terpsichore,  the 
muse  who  presided  over  dancing. 

TERRA  IN  €OG'NI-TA,  n.  L.    An  unknown  region. 

TETE,  (tate,)  n.    [Fr.  head.]    A  kind  of  cap  of  false  hair. 

TETE'-A-TETE',  (tate'-a-tate',)  n.  Fr.  Head  to  head— private  conversa- 
tion. 

TEXTILE,  (tekst'll.)  a.    Woven  or  capable  of  being  woven. 

THER-A-PECTI€S,  -n.  That  part  of  medicine  which  respecU  the  discovery 
and  application  of  remedies  for  diseases. 

THRALL'DOM,  (thrawl'dum,)  n.    Bondage — slavery — a  state  of  servitude. 

TUREE'-PENCE,  (thrip'-ense,)  n.  A  silver  coin  of  three  times  the  value 
of  a  penny. 

THWART,  (thwort,)  v.  t.    To  cross — to  contravene — to  frustrate  or  defeat. 

TI-A'RA,  (ty-a'rah,)  n.    A  kind  of  turban — the  pope's  tiiple  crown. 

TI€  DOU-LOU-REUX',  n.  Fr.  A  painfiU  affection  of  a  nerve,  usually  in 
the  head. 

TI'GRINE,  (tl'grin,)  a.    Like  a  tiger. 

T1N€'TIJRE,  (tinkt'yur,)  n.  An  extract— a  spiiituous  solution— a  tinge  or 
shade  of  color. 

TIN'Y,  a.    Very  small— puny— little. 

TO-KA  Y',  n.    A  kind  of  wine,  made  of  white  grapes  at  Tokay,  in  Hungary. 

TOLL'-BOOTH,  (tole'-booth,)  n.  A  place  where  goods  are  weighed  to  as- 
certain the  duties  or  toll — a  prison. 

TO-MA'TO  or  TO-MA'TO,  n.  A  plant  and  its  fruit,  the  Lycopersicuir 
Eaculentum. 


FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.- PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BQQK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  20*7 

T0P-O-GRAPH'I€,        )  a.    Pertaining   to  topography— descriptive    of  a 

TOP-0-GRAPH'I€-AL,  \      place. 

TORTILE,  (tort'il,)  a.    Twisted— coiled— wreathed.    lu  botany,  coiled  like 
a  rope. 

TOR'TIOUS,  (tor'shus,)  a.     Injurious.     lu  law,  implying  injury  for  whicli 
the  law  gives  damages. 

TORTOISE,  (tor'tis.)  n.    An  animal  of  the  order  Testudinata,  covered  with 
a  shell. 

TORT-IJ-OSE',  (tort-yu-ose',)  a.    Twisted— wreathed— winding. 

TORT'lJ-OUS,  (lort'yu-us,)  a.    Wreathed— twisted— winding ;  as,  a  tortu- 
ous train. 

TORT'IJRE,  (tort'yur,)  n.    Anguish  of  body  or  mind — extreme  pain. 

TO'TO  CCE'LO,  (to'to-see'Io,)  L.    By  the  whole  hemisphere— as  opposite 
as  possible. 

TOU-PEE', )  (too-pa'i)  n.    An  artificial  lock  of  hair — a  little  tuft— a  small 

TOU-PET',  \      wig. 

TOUCH'ING-LY,  (tuch'ing-le,)  adv.    Feelingly — in  a  manner  to  movo  the 
passions. 

TOUR,  (toor,)  n.     A  going  round — a  journey  in  a  circuit;  as,  the  torn*  of 
Europe. 

TOUR'IST,  (toor'ist,)  n.    One  who  makes  a  tour,  or  performs  a  journey. 

TOURN'A-MENT,  (turn'a-ment,)  n.    A  mock  fight,  in  which  quite  a  num- 
ber of  combatants  are  engaged. 

TOURN'I-CiUET,  (turn'e-ket,)  n.     A  surgical  instrument  used  to  check 
hemori'hages. 

TOUR-NCRE',  n.  Fr.    Turn— contour. 

TO'VVARD,  (to'ard,)  prep.    In  the  direction  to — with  respect  to — nearly. 

TRA'€HE-A,  (tra'ke-ii.)  n.    In  anatomy,  the  windpipe. 

TRACTILE,  (trakt'il,)  a.    Ductile— capable  of  being  drawn  out  in  length. 

TRADE'-VVIND,  n.    A  name  given  to  winds  in  the  torrid  zone,  which  blow 
from  the  same  quarter  nearly  the  whole  year.    Their  general  direction  on 

TONE,  BULL,  IJNITE.— AN"GER,  Vl"CIOUS.— €  as  K ;  ft  as  J ;  S  aa  Z 
ClI  as  SH ;  TH  as  ia  THIS. 


208  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

the  north  side  of  the  equator  is  from  N.  E.  to  S.  W.     On  the  south  side, 

from  S.  E.  to  N.  W. 
TRA-DI"TION,  (tra-dish'un,)  n.    The  delivery  of  opinions  or  practices  from 

father  to  son. 
TRA-C£'DI-AN,  (tra-je'de-an,)  v.    An  actor  of  tragedy — a  writer  of  tragedy. 
TRANCE,  (triins,)  n.    An  ecstasy.  In  medicine,  catalepsy. 
TRAN'QUIL,  (trank'wil,)  a.    Calm — undisturbed— quiet— not  agitated. 
TRAN'QUIL-IZ-ED,  (trank'wil-Izd,)  jy.    Composed — quieted — calmed. 
TRANS-AL'PINE,  (trans-al'pin,)  a.    Lying  beyond  the  Alps  in  regara  to 

Rome,  opposed  to  cisalpine. 
TRAN'fc^IENT,  (tran'shent,)  a.    Not  lasting  or  durable — of  short  duration — 

momentary. 
TRANS-PAR'ENT,  a.    Having  the  property  of  transmitting  rays  of  light— 

pellucid. 
TRANS-PAR' ENT-LY,  adv.    So  as  to  be  seen  through— cleaily. 
TRA-PE'ZJ-UM,  n.     A  geometrical  figure.     In  anatomy,  a  bone  of  the 

carpus. 
TRAVERSE,  v.  t.    To  cross — to  survey— to  wander  over;  as,  to  traverse 

the  habitable  globe. 
TRAV'ERS-ING,  ;)pr.    Passing  over — thwarting — denying — crossing. 
TRAV'ES-TI-ED,  (trav'es-tid,)  pp.     Disguised  by  dress— turned  into  ridicule. 
TRAV'ES-Ty,  n.    A  burlesque  translation  of  a  work — a  parody. 
TREA'CLE,  (trS'kl,)  n.    The  sirup  which  drains  from  the  sugar-refiner's 

molds — molasses. 
TREAS'TJRE,  (trezh'ur,)  n,    A  stock  or  store  of  money  in  reserve — wealth 

accumulated. 
TREA$'IJR-ER,  (trezh'ur-er,)  n.     One  who  has  the  care  of  a  treasure  or 

treasury. 
TRE.\T'ISE,  (treet'is,)  n.    A  tract — a  written  composition  on  a  particular 

subject. 
TREB'LE,  (trib'l,)  n.    The  highest  of  the  foiu*  principal  parts  in  music. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
KOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  VVQLF,  BOOK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  209 

TKEB'LY,  (trib'le,)  adv.    In  a  threefold  number  or  quantity ;  as,  a  good 

action  trebly  rewarded. 
TREP-l-DA'TION,  M.    An  involuntary  trembling — hurry — confused  haste. 
TRIE  I[NE,  (trib'yune,)  n.    In  ancient  Rome,  a  magiftrate — in  France,  an 

elevated  place  in  the  chamber  of  deputies,  from  which  speeches  m-e  made, 
TRIB'lJ^TE,  (trib'yute,)  n.    Money  paid  by  one  prince  or  nation  to  another 

— a  personal  contribution. 
TRI'O,  n.    Three  united.    In  music,  a  composition  in  three  parts ;  (fre- 
quently pronounced  treo.) 
TRIP'O-LI,  (trip'o-le,)  n.    An  earthy  substance,  used  in  polishing  stonog  and 

metals. 
TRI-SE€T,  V.  t.    To  divide  or  cut  into  three  equal  pai-ts. 
TRITON,  n.    In  mythology,  a  fabled  sea  derai-god— a  genus  of  Batrochiaa 

reptiles. 
TRI'TJNE,  (tri'yune,)  a.    Three  in  one. 
TROM'BONE,  n.  It.    A  deep-toned  instrument  of  the  trumpet  kind,  consistr 

ing  of  three  tubes. 
TRO'PHI-ED,  (tro'fld,)  a.    Adorned  with  trophies. 
TRO'PH  Y,  (tro'fe,)  n.    A  memorial  of  conquest— something  that  ia  evidence 

of  victory. 
TROU'BA-DOUR,  (troo'ba-door,)  n.     One  of  a  school  of  poets  who  flouT' 

ished  from  the  eleventh  to  the  latter  end  of  the  thirteenth  century. 
TROUB'LOUS,  (trub'lus,)  a.    Agitated— tumultuous. 
TROUGH,  (trawf,)  n.    A  vessel  hollow  longitudinally— trough  of  the  sea, 

the  space  between  two  high  waves. 
TRUN'CHEON,  (trun'shim,)  n.  A  baton,  or  military  staffof  command— a  club. 
TRUN'DLE-BED,  n.    A  bed  that  is  moved  on  httle  wheels  ;  called  also  a 

truckle-bed. 
TUR-MOIL',  n.    Tumult — disturbance — trouble — molestation  by  tumnlL 
TYM'PAN-UM,  n.    The  drum  of  the  ear.    In  mechanics,  a  wheel  placed 

round  an  axis. 

TtJNE,  BUIX,  IJNITE.- AN"GER,  VI"CIOUS.— €  a3K;6a8J;»asZi 
CH  aa  SH ;  TH  as  in  THIS. 

18* 


210  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 


THE  LUMTIC  ASYLUM. 

The  painful  sensations  one  usually  receives  on  visit- 
ing a  lunatic  asylum,  are  often  partially  dissipated  by 
the  grotesque  appearance  and  desultory  remarks  of  the 
unfoi'tunate  beings  there  assembled.  A  person  who 
was  deeply  interested  in  improving  the  condition  of  the 
insane,  gave  a  few  details  of  a  visit  which  he  made  to 
one  of  these  establishments. 

An  individual  who  had  written  a  work  on  thera- 
peutics, and  who  had  occasionally  a  transient  gleam  of 
reason,  Avas  sitting  in  a  tranquil  state  of  mind,  pre- 
paring, as  he  stated,  a  tincture  for  the  trachea  and 
tympanum.  It  is  reported  that  he  was  seized  with 
a  trepidation  while  adjusting  a  tourniquet,  so  that  a 
surgeon  could  examine  the  trapezium,  which  had  been 
displaced. 

The  tedious  nature  of  the  operation  threw  him  into  a 
kind  of  trance.  He  was  found  the  next  morning  trav- 
ersing the  fields,  and  his  friends  were  obliged  to  per- 
form the  sad  task  of  taking  him  to  the  asylum. 

One  who  had  been  the  treasurer  of  a  company,  wore 
on  his  head  a  tarpaulin,  calling  it  a  tiara.  He  had 
three-pence  in  his  hand,  and  considered  it  a  vast  sura 
or  treasure,  which  would  enable  him  to  traverse  the 
universe,  thwart  the  purposes  of  tyrants,  and  dehver 
the  people  from  the  tedium  and  thralldom  of  servitude. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  211 

Another,  wlio  said  he  was  a  troubadour,  had  what 
he  called  a  tambourine  and  trombone.  He  wore  on 
his  head  a  textile  fabiic,  which  he  called  a  trophy,  de- 
manded tribute  of  those  who  came  toward  him,  and 
said  they  would  have  a  grand  tableau  behind  the  tapes- 
try, when  every  body  Avas  tx-anquilized. 

One  who  represented  himself  as  a  physician,  had  a 
composition  Avhich  would  relieve  the  torture  of  tic 
douloureux.  It  was  made  of  the  triturated  shell  of  the 
tortoise,  transparent  treacle,  juice  of  the  tomato,  tepid 
water,  tokay,  tapioca,  and  pulverized  tripoli.  A  tender- 
loin was  to  be  eaten  immediately  after  taking  it,  and  if 
the  victim  was  a  member  of  Congress,  he  must  A'ote 
against  the  tariff,  in  order  to  escape  the  taunts  of  the 
democrats. 

One  person,  apparently  about  forty  years  old,  had 
been  a  jxreat  tourist.  He  had  heard  Te  Deum  sunof  at 
St.  Peter's  Church,  in  Rome  ;  made  a  tour  through  the 
eastern  part  of  Europe  ;  dined  at  the  table  d'hote  of  a 
French  hotel  in  Constantinople  ;  witnessed  the  tourna- 
ment ;  been  driven  by  the  trade-winds,  in  a  tiny  vessel, 
through  the  tunnoil  of  the  troublous  waves ;  was 
sometimes  in  the  trough  of  the  sea,  then  on  billows 
mountain  high. 

The  last  unfortunate  being  we  shall  describe  was  a 
tragedian.  He  had  a  large  tassel  hanging  from  his 
head,  a  truncheon  was  in  his  hand,  and  while  standing 
on  something  like  a  trundle-bed,  was  making  a  flaming 


212  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

soliloquy,  sometimes  speaking  quite  touchingly,  and 
then  suddenly  assuming  a  tigrine  aspect.  The  follow- 
ing is  a  specimen  : 

That  I  have  ta'en  away  this  old  man's  daughter,  is 
most  true. — Off !  to  the  toll-booth  with  the  topograph- 
ical engineer  ! — Why  trisect  the  triton  who  comes  tro- 
phied  from  the  wars  ? — Gently,  the  travesty  was  traves- 
tied !  'twas  trebly  done  ! — Where  is  the  tortious  tribune, 
whose  tactile  touch  no  trio  could  appease  ? — Ah  !  down 
with  telegraphy  ! — 'Twas  by  no  fault  of  ours,  no  tenet> 
the  feeble  tenure  of  his  life  was  held. — Tradition  does 
not  tergiversate. — The  tortile  tortuous  terpsichorean 
has  gone  to  terra  incognita. — Transalpine  friends  will 
meet. — But  who  sinirs  treble  here  ? 


FoK  Aetioulation  and  Spelling. 

"When  Ajax  strives  some  rock's  vast  weight  to  throw, 
The  lines,  too,  labor,  and  the  words  move  slow. 


When  a  twister,  a  twisting,  would  twist  him  a  twist, 
For  twisting  his  twist,  three  twists  he  will  twist ; 
But  if  one  of  the  twists  of  the  twist  doth  untwist, 
The  twist  that  untwisteth,  untwisteth  the  twist. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WdRDS.  213 


U. 

IJ-BIQ'UI-TY,  (yu-bik'we-te,)  n.     Existence  in  all  places,  or  every  where, 

at  the  same  time — omnipresence. 
tJ-KASE',  n.    In  Russia,  a  proclamation  or  order  published,  having  the 

force  of  law. 
Uli-TI-MA'TUiM,  n.    In  diplomacy,  final  propositions,  the  most  favorable 

terms  a  negotiator  can  offer — any  final  proposition. 
UL'TRA,  a.    Beyond — extreme  ;  as,  ultra  principles — one  who  advocates 

extreme  measures. 
UL-TKA-MON'TANE,  a.    Ultramontane  doctrines,  when  spoken  of  north 

of  the  Alps,  denote  the  extreme  views  as  to  the  Pope's  supremacy, 
UL-TRA-MON'TA-NIST,  n.    One  who  holds  to  ultramontanisra. 
UM-BRA'6EOUS,  (um-bra'jus,)  a.    Shading — forming  a  shade;  as,  umbrae 

geous  trees. 
UN-AL'IEN-A-BLE,  (un-aryen-a-bl,)  a.     Not  alienable — that  may  not  be 

transferred. 
TI-NA-NIM'I-TY,  (yu-na-nim'e-te,)  n.    Agreement  of  a  number  of  persons 

in  opinion. 
XJ-NAN'I-MOUS,  (yu-naa'e-mue,)  a.     Agreeing  in  opinion — being  of  one 

mind. 
UN-AN'SWER-A-B  LE,  (uu-an'ser-a-bl,)  a.    Not  capable  of  refutation ;  a^ 

an  unanswerable  argument. 
UN-AP-PR£'CIA-BLE,  (un-ap-pre'sha-bl,)  a.    Not  appreciable. 
UN-AP-PRF.'CIA-TED,  (un-ap-prE'sha-ted,)  a.    Not  properly  estimated  or 

valued. 
UN-ASK'ED,  (un-askt'O  a.    Unsolicited— not  asked;  as,  to  bestow  favors 

unasked. 
UN-AP-SO'CIA-TED,  (un-as-so'sha-ted,)  a.    Not  associated— not  united. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE.  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE.  MOVE,  VVQLF,  BOOK.— TCNE,  BULI.,  TJNITE.— AN'' 
GEE,  VI  "CIOUS.— €  a8K;6asJ;$aaZ;CHa8SH;THaain  THIS. 


214  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

TJ'NA  VO'CE,  L.    With  one  voice — unanimously. 

UN-CHAS-TISED,  (un-chas-tlzd',)  a.  Not  chastised— rot  corrected— not 
punished. 

trN-€LEAN'LI-NESS,  (un-l:len'le-ness,)  n.  Filthiness  —  want  of  clean- 
liness. 

UN-€LEAN'LY,  (un-klen'ly,)  a.    Foul— filthy— indecent— obscene. 

UN-€OME'LY,  (un-kuin'le,)  a.  Not  comely — wanting  grace ;  as,  an  un- 
comely person. 

UN-€OiVl'PLAI-SANT,  (un-kom'pla-zant,)  a.  Not  complaisant— not  court- 
ecus. 

UN-€OM'PLAI-SANT-LY,  (un-kom'pla-zant-ly,)  adv.  Discourteously— un- 
civilly. 

UN-CON'JU-GAL,  (un-kon'ju-gal,)  a.    Not  befitting  a  wife  or  husband. 

UN-€ON-SCI-EN'TIOUS,  (un-kon-she-en'shus,)  a.  Not  conscientious— not 
regulated  by  conscience. 

17N-€OURT'E-OUS,  (uu-kurt'e-us,)  a.    Unpolite — uncivil — not  complaisant. 

UN€T  IJ-OUS,  (unkt'yu-us,)  a.    Fat— greasy— having  a  resemblance  to  oil.  • 

UN-DA  UNT'ED,  a.    Not  daunted— not  depressed  by  fear 

UN-DER-NE ATII',  prep.    Beneath— under. 

UN-DE-SIGN'ED,  (uu-de-sind',)  a.    Not  designed— not  intended. 

UN-DE-SIGN'ED-LY,  (un-de-slne'ed-le,)  adv.    Without  design  or  intention. 

UN-DE-SIGN'ING,  (un-de-sTne'ing,)  a.  Upright— sincere — having  no  fraud- 
ulent purpose. 

UN-EX-AM'PLED,  (un-egz-am'pld,)  a.  Unprecedented*— having  no  example 
or  similar  case. 

UNGUENT,  (un'gwent)  n,  A  soft  composition,  use^  is  a  topical  remedy 
for  sores,  &c. — an  ointment. 

UN-HOUS'ED,  (un-houzd',)  pp.  Driven  from  a  hous^— waating  a  house- 
homeless. 

UN-1N-I"TIA-TED,  (un-in-ish'a-ted,)  a.    Not  initiated. 

UN-IN'TER-EST-ED,  a.    Not  interested— having  nothiii«  "H  «take. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MABJtN*  8iaU»~> 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BOOK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  215 

UN-IN'TER-EST-ING,  a.    Not  capable  of  exciting  an  interest,  or  of  engaging 

ihe  mind. 
U-NJQUE',  (i'u-neelc',)  a.    Uuequaled — sole — single  in  its  kind  or  excellenoe. 
U-NIV'O-CAL,  a.    Having  only  one  meaning;  opposed  to  equivocal. 
UN-LIQ'UI-DA-TED,  (un-Iik'we-da-ted,)  a.    Not  liquidated— not  settled. 
UN-MASK'ED,  (un-miiskt',)  pp.    Stripped  of  a  mask— exposed  to  view. 
UN-RI'VAL-ED,  a.    Having  no  rival  or  competitor — peerless — unequaled. 
UN-STANCH'ED,  (un-stiincht',)  a.    Not  stanched — not  stopped  ;  as  blood. 
UN-SUR-PASS'ED,  (un-sur-piist',)  a.    Not  surpassed— not  exceeded. 
UN- 


v'-Vl"TIA-TED,  ) 
J-VI"CIA-TED,  \ 


■  (un-vish'a-ted,)  a.    Not  vitiated — not  corrupted. 
UN-""""  ■^  """"  1  ^  '^  ^ 

TJ'RA-NUS,  (yu'ra-nus,)  n.    One  of  the  primary  planets.    It  has  also  been 

called  Herschel,  and  Georgium  Sidus. 

TJ'SAfiE,  (yu'zaje,)  n.    Treatment — long-continued  use — custom — practice. 


THE  LOUVRE  O  PARIS. 

No  one  who  goes  to  Paris  should  fail  of  visiting  the 
Louvre.  Here  are  unique  and  unrivaled  paintings,  un- 
surpassed by  no  others  throughout  the  world.  They 
are  not  only  unexampled  in  regard  to  their  finish  and 
execution,  but  they  have  received  the  unanimous  appro- 
bation of  the  amateurs  of  Christendom. 

Though  unasked,  we  will  nevertheless  assist  the  unin- 
itiated visitor,  if  he  will  not  consider  it  uncourteous  and 
uncomplaisant  on  our  part,  in  his  stroll  of  observation 
through  this  unappreciable  gallery. 

Ou  the  left,  as  you  enter,  is  the  portrait  of  Napoleon, 


216  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

who  seems  to  possess  a  kind  of  ubiquity  in  the  French 
mind.  The  unanimity  of  opinion  throughout  France  in 
reference  to  this  man  is  truly  astonishing.  Though  he 
trampled  upon  the  unalienable  rights  of  the  unhoused 
Frenchman ;  though  he  was  unconscientious  and  uncon- 
jugal  in  his  domestic  relations  ;  though  unstanched  blood 
saturated  the  soil  of  Europe  ;  yet  we  find  the  prestige  of 
greatness  still  clings  to  his  name.  No  person  of  unvitia- 
ted  taste  will  gaze  long  on  the  lineaments  of  one  who  is 
now  in  some  measure  unmasked  before  the  world. 

Underneath  the  portrait  of  the  ultramontanist  was 
placed,  probably  undesignedly,  that  of  John  Kjiox, 
The  next  piece,  though  tmcomely  and  uncleanly  in  ap- 
pearance, is  not  uninteresting  as  a  work  of  art.  The 
painter  of  the  last-mentioned  piece  was  an  undesigning 
individual,  and  was  unassociated  with  any  one  in  busi- 
ness, owing  to  the  large  number  of  unliqviidated  claims 
against  him. 

If  the  visitor  is  uninterested  so  far,  let  him  take  a 
glance  at  the  statue  of  the  person  who  was  favorable  to 
ultramontane  doctrines,  and  who  sent  the  ultimatum 
of  the  government  to  the  Emperor  of  Russia,  after  he 
had  published  his  ukase — a  document  which  remained 
unappreciated  by  the  nations  of  Europe. 

Umbrageous  trees  surround  the  undaunted  and  un- 
chastised  man,  who  claimed  to  have  discovered  the  planet 
Uranus.  And  the  usage  he  has  met  with  in  consequence 
of  his  audacity  will  be  a  salutary  example  to  others. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  217 


T. 

VA-t'CINE^  (vak'sin,)  a.    Pertaining  to  cows— derived  from  cows ;  as,  the 

Vaccine  disease,  or  cow-pox. 
VAL'E  [')  (val'et  or  val'Ia,)  n.     A  servant  who  attends  on  a  gentleman's 

person. 
VAL'ET  DE  CHAM'BRE,  (val'15  de  shdm'br,)  Fr.    A  body-ser\ant  or  per» 

sonal  attendant, 
VA-LlSE',  (va-lees',)  n,    A  small  leather  sack  or  case,  for  containing  the 

clothes  of  a  traveler. 
VAL'II'ED,  (val'yude,)  pp.  or  a.    Estimated  at  a  certain  rate — esteemed. 
VAN'QUISH,  (vank'wish,)  v.  t.     To  conquer— to  subdue  in  battle,  as  an 

enemy — to  refute  in  argument. 
VAN'QUISH-EI),  (vank'wisht,)  pp.  or  a.    Subdued— defeated— overcome  in 

battle. 
VANT,  t)>  i.    To  beast.    [This  is  the  more  correct  orthography.   See  fatint.J 
VA'RI-ED,  (va'rid,)  pp.  or  a.    Partially  changed— altered. 
VA'RI-E-GATE,  v.  t.    To  diversify  in  external  appearance — to  mai'k  with 

different  colors. 
VA'RI«E-GA-TED,  pp.  of  a.    Diversified  in  colors  or  appearance. 
VA'RI-OLOID,  n.    A  name  given  to  a  particular  variety  of  the  smaJl-pox. 
VAST,  a.    Being  cf  great  extent — spacious — large  ;  as,  the  vast  ocean,  a  vast 

abyss. 
VAST'LY,  adv.    To  a  great  extent  or  degree ;  as,  men  differ  vastly  in  their 

opinions. 
VAUDE'VILLE,  (vSde'vil,)  n.  J'V.    A  p!ay  intermingled  with  light  or  comic 

songs. 
VAUNT,  13.  J.    To  boast— to  talk  wi^  vain  ostent»tton.    [This  ought  to  bo 

written  P^ant,"] 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WII^T.- METE,  PRKY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BTRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WOLF,  B90K.— TUNE,  BULL,  IINITE.— AN" 
GER,  VI"CIOUS.— €  OS  K  ;  6  as  J ;  S  as  Z  ;  CH  88  SH ;  TH  as  in  THIS. 
19 


218  miscella-neotts  words. 


VAUNT'ING,  ppr.  Vaiuly  boasting — osteatatiously  setting  foi'th  what  on* 
is  or  has. 

VJt;'HI-€LE,  (ve'he-klj  n.  That  in  Which  any  thing  may  be  carried— B 
carriage. 

VE-Lo'CE,  (va-lo'clia,)  It.    In  music,  quiclc. 

VE-LOC'I-PEDE.  (ve-Ios'e-pede,)  n.  A  small  carriage  for  one  person,  pro- 
pelled by  strilving  the  toes  against  the  earth. 

VE-LOG'I-TY,  (ve-lt)s'e-te',)  n.    Celerity — swiftness — rapidity. 

VEN-DtJE',  n.    Auction — a  public  sale  of  any  thing  to  the  highest  bidder. 

VEN'ER-Y,  n.  (from  Venus.)     Sexual  intercourse. 

VEN'I-SON,  (ven'e-zn  or  ven'zn,)  n.    The  flesh  of  the  deer.  ' 

VEN'TIJRE,  (vent'yur,)  «.  A  hazard— an  undertaiiing  of  chance  or  danger 
— contingency. 

VEN'TTJRE-SOME,  i^vent'yur-sum,)  a.  Bold— intrepid— daring ;  as,  a  ven- 
turesome man. 

VE-RAC'I-TY,  (ve-ras'e-tc,)  n.  Habitual  obseiTance  of  truth ;  as,  3  man  of 
veracity. 

VER-BA'TIM,  adv.  L,    Word  for  word — in  the  same  words. 

VER'DI-GRlS,  (vur'de-grees,)  n.  Disacetate  of  copper;  in  an  tapurs  statet 
used  as  a  pigment. 

VERD'tJRE,  (verd'yiu-,)  n.  Green— frcsliuess  of  vegetation ;  as,  the  verdure 
of  spring. 

VEKG'ER,  (verj'er,)  n.  He  that  carries  the  mace  before  the  bishop — a  pew- 
opener. 

VERS'A-TILE,  (yers'a-til,)  a.  That  may  be  turned  round— changeable — 
unsteady. 

VER'SUS,  /y.    Against;  as,  John  Doe  versus  Richard  Roe. 

VEST'IJRE,  (vest'yur,)  n.  A  garment— dress — garments  in  general — vestment 

VET-TU'RA,  n.    An  Iti-Uan  four-wheeled  carriage. 

VET-TU-RI'NO,  n.  In  Italy,  one  who  carries  travelers  from  one  placfl  fo 
another  in  a  vettura. 


FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PRKY.-ITNR,  MAPJINE,  BIRI>.r— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQI.?,  BQQK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WOHDS.  219 

VI'A,  71.  L.    A  way  ;  via  New  Haven,  by  the  way  of  New  Haven. 
VI'BRA-TILE,  (vi'bra-til,)  a.    Adapted  to  or  used  in  vibratory  motion. 
VICE'ROY,  n.    The  governor  of  a  kingdom  or  country,  who  rules  with  re- 
gal authority. 
Vl'DE, /-.    See. 

Vl'CE  VER'SA,  L.    Tlie  terms  or  the  case  being  reversed. 
VlC'IN-AGE,  (vis'in-aje,)  n.    Neighborhood— the  place  adjoining  or  near. 
Vl-CIN'I-TY,  (ve-sin'e-te,)  n.    Nearness  in  place — neigliborhood. 
VI-CIS'SI-TUDE,  (ve-sis'se-tude,)  n.    Regular  change  or  succession  of  ono 

tiling  to  another. 
"Vl-DEL'I-CET,  adv.    To  wit— namely.    An  abbreviation  for  this  word  is  viz. 
VI  ET  AR'MIS,  L.    In  law,  with  force  and  arms ;  words  expressive  of  a 

trespass. 
VIG-NETTE'  (vin-yet',)  n.     A  name  given  to  small  engraved  embeUlgh- 

ments,  with  which  books  and  bank-notes  are  ornamented. 
VIN'DI-€A-TORY,  a.     Punitory— hiflicting  punishment— tending  to  vitt- 

dicate. 
Vl'NOUS,  a.    Having  the  qualities  of  wine — pertaining  to  wine ;  as,  a  vinous 

flavor. 
VI-O-LON-CEL'LO,  (ve-o-lon-chel'lo  or  ve-o-lon-sel'Io,)  n.  It.     A  stringed 

instrument  of  music. 
Vl-0-LO'NE,  (ve-o-lo'ne,)  n.    A  large  base  violin,  whose  strings  lie  an  octavo 

below  the  violoncello. 
VI'RILE,  (vi'ril,)  a.    Pertaining  to  man— not  puerile  or  femhiine;  as,  viiil© 

vigor. 
VIR'TUE,  (vurt'yu,)  n.    Strength— moral  goodneSs — excellence. 
VTR-TU-0'SO,  n.  It.    A  man  skilled  in  the  fine  arts,  particularly  in  music 
Vl'RUS,  n.    Contagious  matter  of  an  ulcer,  pustule,  &c. — poison. 
VIS  ARD,  (viz'ard,)  n.    A  mask. 

VIS'-A-VIS',  (viz'a-ve',)  n.  \_Fr,  opposite,  face  to  face.]    A  carriage. 
V^IS'CID,  (vis'sid,)  a.    Glutinous — sticky — not  readily  separating — tenacious. 

TCNE,  BULL,  t[NITE.— AN"GEIi,  VrCIOUS.-€  as  K;  6  as  J;  S  as  Z; 
CH  33  SH  ;  Sn  as  in  THIS. 


220  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

VI-SE',  Fr,  Literally,  seen — an  indorsement  made  by  the  police  officers  in 
large  towns  of  France  on  the  back  of  a  passport. 

VIS'OR,  (viz'or,)  n.  A  perforated  part  of  a  helmet— a  maisk  used  to  disfig- 
ure and  disguise. 

Vr'TlATE,  (visb'iite,)  v.  t.  To  injure  the  qualities  of  a  thing — to  render 
defective. 

VI'TIA-TED,  (vish'a-ted,)  pp.  or  a.  Depraved — rendered  impure  and  de- 
fective. 

V1"TIA-TING,  (vish'a-ting,)  ppr.  Depraving — rendering  of  no  validity- 
corrupting. 

VI"TI-A'TION,  (vish-e-a'shun,)  n.  The  act  of  vitiating — corruption — depra- 
vation. 

VITRI-OL,  71.    A  soluble  sulphate  of  either  of  the  metals. 

VI-TU-PER-A'TION,  n.     Blame— censure. 

Vit-VA'CE,  (ve-vU'che,)    In  music,  brisk  and  lively. 

VrVAT  RES-PUB'LI-CA,  (rez-pub'le-ka,)  L.    Long  live  the  republic. 

VI' VA  VO'CE,  L.    By  word  of  mouth  ;  as,  to  vote  viva  voce. 

VltVE,  (veev',)  Fr.    Long  live — success  to.    Vive  Je  roi,  long  live  the  king. 

VIZ'IER,  (viz'yer,)  n.    A  councilor  of  state  in  the  Turkish  empire. 

VO-LEE',  (vo-la',)  n.  [Fr.  a  flying.]    A  rapid  flight  of  notes  in  music. 

VOL'Tit,  (vol'te,)  It.    In  music,  turn  over. 

VOL'TI-GEUR,  (vol'te-zhur,)  n.     A  light-horseman  or  dragoon. 

VOL'Ti  StJ'Bl-TO,  (vol'te  su'be-to,)  It.    Turn  over  quickly. 

VOL'IJME,  (vol'yum,)  n.  Primarily,  a  roll.  In  music,  the  compass  of  a 
voice  from  grave  to  acute — a  book. 

VO  •7-.UP'T^-A-Ry,  (vo-\jpt'yu-a-ry,)  n.  A  man  addicted  to  luxury  and 
sensual  pleasures. 

VO-I^UP'TXI-OUS,  (vo-lupt'yu-ous,)  a.  Given  to  the  enjoyments  of  luxury 
and  pleasure. 

VO-MI'TO,  (vo-me'to,)  n.  Sp.  The  yellow-fever  in  its  worst  form,  when  it  ii 
usually  attended  with  the  black  vomit. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WH^T.— METE,  PREY.-PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BQQK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  221 

VO-RAC'I-TY,  (voras'e-te,)  n.    Voraciousness — greediness  of  appetite. 
VOY'A-GEUR',  (vwa'yii-zhur,)  n.  Fr.    A  traveler — the  Canadian  name  of 

a  class  of  men  employed  by  the  fur  companies  in  transportin;;  goods. 
VUL'PINE,  (vul'pin,)  a.    Pertaining  to  the  fox — crafty — cunning — artf,.!. 
VUL'TliRE,  (vult'yur,)  n.    An  accipitrine  bird  of  the  genus  Vultur. 


THE  LOUVRE,  CONTINUED. 

The  virtuoso,  with  his  valet  or  valet  de  chambre  car- 
rying a  valise,  a  violoncello,  and  a  visard  or  visor,  ap- 
pears as  though  he  had  been  afflicted  with  the  varioloid. 
He  was  probably  too  venturesome,  and  neglected  to 
procure  vaccine  matter,  which  possesses  much  virtue, 
and  is  valued  as  a  preventive  of  the  above  disease. 

Vast  and  varied  Avere  the  attainments  of  the  noble 
viceroy,  whose  veracity  was  unquestioned,  and  who  re- 
pelled the  vituperation  of  a  vitiated  voluptuary,  who 
considered  himself  vastly  superior  to  the  rest  of  man- 
kind. 

He  was  accustomed  to  vaunt  of  his  own  valor,  but  his 
voluptuousness,  and  other  vitiating  habits,  the  lack  of 
virile  vigor,  and  his  partiality  to  vinous  flavors,  all  tended 
to  give  him  a  variegated  complexion,  but,  of  course, 
would  not  enable  him  to  vanquish  his  foes. 

In  the  vicinage  or  vicinity  of  the  viceroy,  the  visitor 

will  observe  the  statue  of  a  Turkish  vizier :  a  volume  of 

laws  is  under  his  arm,  and  a  singular  vesture  or  drapery 
19* 


222  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 

is  thrown  around  him.  It  is  said  that  he  used  to  travel 
with  great  velocity  in  a  vehicle  which  resembled  a  ve- 
locipede, and  tliat  his  death  was  caused  by  the  intro- 
duction of  a  virulent  virus  into  his  system. 

In  a  beautiful  landscape,  the  Italian  will  readily  rec- 
ognize the  vatturino  and  vettura,  and  also  the  green 
verdure  of  his  native  country. 

Then  follows  the  gigantic  voltigeur,  who,  after  much 
vaunting,  was  vanquished  by  his  enemy.  And  also  the 
versatile  voyageur,  who,  after  many  vicissitudes,  died 
of  the  vomito  in  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Will  the  reader  pronounce  the  following  words,  wz., 
variegate,  vaudeville,  vendue,  veloce,  venture,  verbatim, 
verdigris,  verger,  vibratile,  vide,  videlicet,  vignette,  vin- 
dicatory, violone,  vis-a-vis,  viscid,  vise,  vitiate,  vitiation, 
vitriol,  vivace,  viva  voce,  vive,  vulpine,  and  vulture  ? 


MISCELLAXKOUS  WORDS,  223 


W. 

WAFT,  V.  t.  To  bear  through  a  fluid  or  buoyant  medium— to  buoy— to 
convey 

WAFT'ED,  pp.    Conveyed  or  borne  through  air  or  water. 

WAFT'ING,  ppr.    Borne  through  a  buoyant  medium. 

WAL'NUT,  (wol'nut,)  n.    A  tree  and  its  fruit,  of  the  genus  Juglans. 

WAS'SAIL,  (wos'sil,)  n.  A  kind  of  liquor  formci-ly  used  by  English  good- 
fellows. 

WA'TER-CEM'ENT,  n.  A  cement  made  of  a  peculiar  kind  of  limo,  which 
haidens  under  water. 

\V£lR,  (weer,)  n.  A  dam  in  a  river — a  fence  of  stakes  set  in  a  stream  for 
taking  flsh. 

WIND'PIPE,  n.    The  passage  for  the  breath  to  and  from  the  lungs. 

WIND'ROW,  (wiu'ro,)  n.  A  row  of  hay  raked  together  for  the  purpose  of 
being  rolled  into  cocks  or  heaps. 

WIN'TER  SOL'STICE,  (sol'stis.)  The  solstice  of  the  winter,  which  takei 
place  when  the  sun  enters  Capricorn,  December  21st. 

WtSE'A-CRE,  (wTze'5-ker,)  n.  One  who  makes  pretensions  to  great  wis- 
dom— a  simpleton — a  dunce. 

WITHE,  (with,)  n.  A  willow  twig— a  band  consisting  of  a  twig,  or  twigs 
twisted. 

WOM'EN,  (wim'en,)  n.    PL  of  woman. 

WOUND,  (wound  or  woond,)  n.  A  breach  of  the  skin  and  flesh  of  an  ani- 
mal— injury — hurt. 

WRATH,  (rath,)  n,    "Violent  anger— indignation. 

WRES'TLE,  (res'I,)  v.  i.    To  strive— to  struggle— to  contend. 

FATE,  FAR,  FALL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BIRD.— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BpQK.- TONE,  BULL,  TJNITE.— AN" 
GER,  Vr'CIOUS.— C  as  K;  e  as  J ;  S  as  Z;  CH  aB  SH ;  TH  as  in  THIS. 


224  MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS. 


XAN'THrNE,  (zan'lhin,)  n.    The  yellow  dyeing  matter  contained  in  madder. 

XE'IiE€,  (ze'bek,)  n.  A  small,  three-masted  vessel,  used  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean Sea. 

XE-RO'TES,  (ze-ro'tez,)  n.    A  dry  habit  or  disposition, 

XIPH'I-AS,  (zif 'e-as,)  n.    The  sword-fish— a  comet  shaped  like  a  sword-fish. 

Xt-LO-GRAPH'I€,  (zl-Io-graf'ik,)  a.  Belonging  to  xylography,  or  wood 
engnaving. 

Xt-LOG'RA-PHY,  (zMog'ra-fe,)  n.  Wood  engi'aving— the  act  or  art  of  cut- 
ting figui'es  in  wood. 

T. 

Y4CHT,  (yot,)  n.    A  light  and  elegantly  furnished  vessel,  used  either  Ibf 

parties  of  pleasure  or  as  a  vessel  of  state. 
YACHTING,  (yot'ing,)  n.    Sailing  on  pleasure  excursions  in  a  yacht. 
y-€LEP'ED,  (e-klept',)  pp.    Called — named.    It  is  obsolete,  except  in  bui* 

lesque. 
YEA,  (ye  or  yS,)  adv.    Yes— a  word  that  expresses  affirmation  or  assent. 
YEAR'LING,  (yeer'ling)  n.    A  young  beast  one  year  old. 
YES'TER-DAY,  n.    The  day  last  past. 
YONK'ER,  (yunk'er,)  v.    A  young  fellow. 

z. 

Z0-0-L06'I€-AL,  a.    Pertaining  to  zoology,  or  the  science  of  animals. 

ZO-OI/O-GY,  71.    That  part  of  natural  history  which  treats  of  animals. 

ZO'O-PHtTE,  n.    A  general  term,  applied  to  polyps. 

ZO-OT'O-M  Y,  n.    The  anatomy  of  all  animals. 

ZYG-0-MAT'l€,  (zig-o-mat'ik,)  a.    Pertaining  to  a  bone  of  the  head. 

FATE,  FAR,F4LL,  WHAT.— METE,  PREY.— PINE,  MARINE,  BOU).— 
NOTE,  DOVE,  MOVE,  WQLF,  BQQK. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORDS.  225 


YACHTING. 

An  English  gentleman  who  was  the  owner  of  a  beau- 
tiful yacht,  took  great  pleasure  in  being  wafted  over  tlie 
blue  waves,  accompanied  by  chosen  friends  possessing 
similar  tastes  for  aquatic  amusements. 

About  the  commencement  of  the  winter  solstice,  he 
embarked  in  his  favorite  vessel,  on  a  voyage  to  the 
Mediterranean.  An  individual  who  belonged  to  the 
party,  and  who  was  no  wiseacre,  was  passionately  fond 
of  xylogi-aphy  and  xylographic  designs. 

Another  gentleman  was  quite  partial  to  zootomy,  the 
examination  of  zoophytes,  zoology,  and  zoological  books. 
As  they  were  wafting  on  in  their  course,  one  of  the 
party  caught  a  xiphias  or  sword-fish,  and  after  making 
a  wound  in  its  side,  took  out  its  windpipe  for  the  pur- 
pose of  making  some  experiments. 

The  winds  blew  as  though  they  were  in  great 
wrath,  and  seemed  to  wrestle  with  the  billows  over 
which  their  vessel  continued  to  waft.  On  their  re- 
turn from  the  Mediterranean,  while  a  party  in  the 
cabin  were  enjoying  their  walnuts  and  wassail,  they 
passed  a  xebec,  which  had  willies  about  the  masts  that 
appeared  to  be  colored  by  xanthine  or  some  other 
substance. 

After  an  absence  of  about  three  months'  dui-ation. 


226  MISCELLANEOUS  WOEDS, 

they  arrived  in  their  native  land,  safe  from  the  perils  of 
the  sea. 

The  following  words  are  omitted  in  the  above  exer- 
cise, viz.,  water-cement,  weir,  windrow,  women,  xerotcs, 
ycleped,  yea,  yearling,  yesterday,  yonker,  and  zygf>- 
matic. 


Uses  of  Ikon. 

Iron  vessels  cross  the  ocean, 
Iron  engines  give  them  motion ; 
]ron  needles  northward  veering, 
Iron  tillers  vessels  steering; 
Iron  pipe  our  gas  delivers, 
Iron  bridges  span  our  rivers ; 
Iron  pens  are  used  for  Avriting, 
Iron  ink  our  thoughts  inditing; 
Iron  stoves  for  cooking  victuals. 
Iron  ovens,  pots,  and  kettles; 
Iron  horses  draw  our  loads, 
Iron  rails  compose  our  roads ; 
Iron  anchors  hold  in  sands, 
Iron  bolts,  and  rods,  and  bands ; 
Iron  houses,  iron  walls, 
Iron  cannon,  iron  balls ; 
Iron  axes,  knives,  and  chains. 
Iron  augurs,  saws,  and  planes ; 
Iron  lightning-rods  on  spires. 
Iron  telegraphic  wires ; 
Iron  hammers,  nails,  and  screwa^— « 
Iron  every  thing  Ave  use. 


MISCELLANEOUS.  227 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

The  pages  which  follow  may  be  made  the  bases 
of  many  interesting  and  instructive  lessons.  The 
"suggestive  questions"  which  follow  each  of  the 
subjects,  will  give  some  idea  of  the  manner  iu 
which  they  may  be  treated.  In  all  cases,  the  more 
prominent  and  difficult  words  should  constitute 
exercises  in  spelling. 

MARINE  JOURNAL. 

PORT  OF  NEW  YORK,  NOVEMBER  30. 

CLEARED. 

Slaps — R'lfna  Choate,  Rich.,  Havre,  Hallet  &  Carman ;  Lydia, 
Nichols,  Gibraltar  for  orders,  11.  Benner ;  Senator,  Walsh,  Liver- 
pool, Trask  &  Dearborn ;  J.  H.  Eyerson,  Latham,  London,  J.  & 
N.  Smith  &  Co. 

Barks — Harriet  Cann,  (Br.,)  Chipman,  Gloucester,  Edmiston 
Bros.;  North  Americsi,  (Bremen,)  Friedrichs,  Bremen,  Henry 
Koop ;  Teresa,  Foster,  St.  Thomas,  &c.,  iSIaitland,  Phelps  &  Co, 

Brigs — SauUiree,  (Sj^an..)  Lopez,  St.  Jago  de  Cuba,  J.  W.  &  L. 
Eseoriaza;  Jordan,  (Br.,)  Kobson,  Londonderrv,  Craig  &  Nicol. 

Schooners — J.  Lawrence,  Botstbrd,  Port  "Louis,  Wakenaan, 
Dimon  &  Co. ;  Lady  Mulgrave,  (Br.,)  Hartigan,  Port-au-Prince, 
A.  Smithers  &  Co.;  H.  Putnam,  (Br.,)  Eobbins,  Barbadoes,  D. 
Starr;  Youth,  Wyinan,  Cardenas,  T.  ^liddleton. 

Steamer — Beverly,  Pierce,  Philadelphia. 


Steamship  Ocean  Queen,  (U.  S.  transport,) Seabury,  Port  Roj-al 
Nov.  27.,  at  1.30  p.  m.,  to  C.  Vanderbilt.  Has  five  hospital  nursea 
on  board. 

Ship  D.  1.,  Choate,  (of  Boston,)  Currier,  Dublin,  Oct.  3,  in  bal- 
last, to  D.  L.  Choate.  Was  up  to  George's  Banks,  Nov.  3 ;  ex- 
perienced heavy  N.  W.  gales  most  of  the  time  since.  Nov.  17,  hit. 
8  4:44,  lou.  67  51,  spoke  brig  Waa.  Larabee,  from  Portland,  for 
Havana,  4  days  out. 


228  MARINE    JOURNAL. 


Bark  I^yncroer,  (Nor.,)  Hendricksen,  Bristol,  40  days,  in  ballast 
to  order.  "  IsTov.  i-i,  lat.  40  53,  Ion.  66  58,  saw  a  fore-and-aft  schr. 
painted  black  ;  all  spars  and  riggincr  standing;  and  mainsail  set, 
vvhioli  was  blown  into  ribbons  ;  saw  no  one  on  board. 

Ship  Canvass  Back,  (!larke,  Canton,  July  20,  Angier,  Aug.  26. 
t,i;as,  &i;.,  to  Wilmerding  &  Co.  Oct.  26,  lat.  2  35,  S..  Ion.  32  15, 
spoke  f-iiip  Thos.  IIarward(of  Bath,)  from  London  for  I'iio  Janeiro  ; 
Nov.  It),  lat.  27  43,  Ion.  71 ;  spoke  bark  Kate  Lincoln,  from  Matan- 
zas  for  Turk's  Island;  21st,  lat.  34  50,  Ion.  73,  spoke  brig  G.  Ar- 
nas,  fr«m  Boston  for  Cardenas,  and  bark  Lapwing  (of  Baltimore,) 
Kelly,  35  days  from  Eio  Janeiro  for  Baltimore  :  2Gth,  lat.  35  ul,  Ion. 
73,  near  the  Gulf  Stream,  exchanged  signals  with  ship  Flora 
McDonald. 

Ship  Eo^er  A.  Ileim,  Stewart,  Liverpool,  Oct.  30,  mdse.  to  J.  & 
N.  Smith  6:.  Co.  Experienced  heavy  weather;  was  14  days  W.  of 
the  Banks.  Nov.  16, 1st,  lat.  44,  Ion.  40,  fell  in  with  the  brig  Lucy 
(Fr.,  of  Bordeaux,)  from  Sien'a  Leone  for  Marseilles,  with  loss  of 
rudder,  boats  and  bulwarks,  and  four  feet  of  water  in  the  hold 
took  oti  the  captain,  mate,  and  six  men  ;  there  being  a  heavy  sea 
on,  they  saved  nothing  but  what  they  stood  in. 

Brig  "North  Point,  Sniith,  Kio  Janeiro,  Oct.  9,  in  ballast  to  S.  & 
C.  S.  Johnson.  Oct.  26,  in  a  tornado,  lost  foretopsail  and  mainsail, 
blowing  all  the  rest  of  the  sail  sets  to  pieces,  and  sustained  other 
damage ;  27th,  bore  away  for  St.  Thomas  to  procure  sails  and  run- 
ning rigging,  but  could  not  reach  there  on  account  of  the  westerly 
winds  prevailing  ;  Nov.  13,  lat.  28  16,  Ion.  62  34,  blew  to  pieces  tho 
remaining  topsail;  16tli,  lat.  33  21,  Ion.  61,  lost  mainsail  from  the 
second  reef  to  the  galf ;  blew  two  jibs  and  foretopraast  staysail  tc 
pieces ;  since  passing  lat.  28,  have  had  very  severe  gales  and  bad 
weather ;  was  driven  as  far  east  as  George's  Shoal :  23d,  lat.  34  03, 
Ion.  67,  boarded  brig  J.  West,  (of  Bangor,)  llordison,  from 
Machias  for  Jacmel,  4  days  out,  wlio  very  kindly  supplied  us  with 
canvass,  twine^  oil,  &c. "  Nov.  25,  lat.  38,  Ion.  68  44,  spoke  brig 
Margaret,  of  Yarmouth,  N.  S. ;  27th,  lat.  40  28,  Ion.  68  09,  ex- 
changed signals  with  bark  D.  Godfrey  (of  Boston,)  Hall,  for  West 
Coast  of  Africa. 

Brig  St.  Agnes,  (Br.,  of  Halifax.)  Mills,  Cardenas  21  days,  mo- 
lasses to  J.  F.  Whitney  &  Co.  Experienced  heavy  weather  on  the 
passage,  and  on  Nov.  16,  sprung  a  leak,  and  compelled  to  throw 
overboard  deck  load  and  stove  a  number  of  hhds.  in  the  hold  \n 
order  to  lighten  her. 

Brig  Harriet  Dobing,  (Br.,  of  Hartlepool,)  Boreing,  Bordeaux, 
60  days,  in  ballast  to  order.  No  date,  otf  Nantucket,  boarded  the 
wreck  of  schr.  Congress  (of  Searsport,  Me.,)  waterlogged,  and 
abandoned. 

Ship  Henry  Harbeck,  True,  Calcutta,  Aug.  12,  Sand  Heads 
15th  with  saltpetre,  &c.,  to  Harbeck  &  Co.  Has  been  ten  days 
on  tne  coast,  with  heavy  N.  E.  gales  and  calms.  Oct.  19,  lat.  34 
80  S.,  Ion.  16  27  E.,  signalized  ship  Southern  Eagle,  (of  Boston,) 
from  Eangoon  for  Falmouth,  65  days  out;  4th"inst.,  lat.  27  53, 
Ion.  66  51,  spoke  Br.  brig  B.  Smith,  from  Bermu  itt  for  Turka 
Islands. 


MARINE    JOURNAL.  229 


Ship  Shakspeare,  (Brem,)  Fechter,  Bremen,  50  days,  in  ballasl,  to 
C.  Liiling.     Put  in  for  repairs. 

Bark  St.  Bernliard,  (Brem,)  Deitjen,  Havre,  SI  days,  in  ballastj 
to  C.  Liding.  Is'ov.  i!4j  lat.  4G,  Ion.  20  25,  spoke  sliip  Europu,  ot 
and  from  Bremen  for  ]S  ew  York. 

Bark  Melody,  (Br.,  of  Guernsey,)  Laine,  Rio  Janeiro,  53  days, 
with  eotfee,  to"  Aymar  &  Co.  lith  inst.,  olf  Hatteras,  passed  a 
fleet  of  U.  S.  gun-boats  bound  S. 

Bark  Fleetwing,  (Br.,  of  St.  Johns,  N.  ¥.,)  Tucker,  Ceras,  Bra- 
zil ;  JN'ov.  17,  with  eotfee,  to  Green  &  Curry. 


VIA    aUA RANTING. 

Ship  Washington  Irving,  Gorham,  Liveipool,  Sthult. 

TELEGRAPHED. 

Brig  Sea  Bird,  from  Philadelphia. 

Signals  fur  1  bark  and  3  brigs. 

The  telegraph  reports  a  bark  gone  to  the  north  shore. 


17th — Steamship  Columbia,  Havana;  ships  J.  L.  Hale,  San 
Franeisco;  Thornton,  Liverpool;  Orpheus,  (Brem.,)  Antwerp; 
Br.  barks,  Charlotte,  Falmouth;  Mdrgaret,  Gloucester;  Colum- 
bine, and  Euglisliman,  C^ueenstown  ;  Gulilem,  London ;  Golden 
Eagle,  Cork;  Brus.  bark  lleros,  do.;  brigs  Gezusters,  (Swe.,) 
Amsterdam;  Lucy  Heywood,  Cadiz;  Albert,  (Br.,)  Guadaloupe; 
Charles,  Gouaives ;  Spartan,  (Br.,)  Matauzas ;  S.  Peters,  Keme- 
dios  ;  sehrs.  Kate  Field,  Constantinople  ;  Golden  Fleece,  Savanna- 
la-iler;  Hound,  (Br.,)  Bermuda;  Vv.  11.  Cleare,  (Br.,)  Nassau, 
N.  P. 

Wmd  at  sunset,  W.  S.  W. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

Ship  Ina  Eussell,  before  reported  ashore  at  Brigantine  Beach, 
has  been  hove  off,  and  lies  10  miles  off  shore  with  a  fixed  light.  A 
Bteam-tug  has  been  sent  to  tow  her  up  to  this  city. 

Ship  Zmgara,  Newbegiu,  left  Hong  Kong,  Sept.  12,  for  Shang- 
hai, and  at  noon  of  the  same  day  had  a  light  breeze  from  the  north- 
ward, with  fine  weather;  at  3  P.  M.,  got  struck  by  a  heavy  squall, 
splitting  fore  and  mizen  topgallant  sails  and  main  sails  ;  at  4  P. 
M.,  increasing  gale,  double  reefed  the  topsails,  furled  the  jib  and 
crossjack,  Pedi'e  Banco  bearing  east,  six  miles ;  at  5  P.  M.,  barom- 
eter falling  rapidly,  and  the  wind  still  increasing,  with  heavy  rainy 
squalls,  when  in  the  act  of  close  reefing  the  topsails  all  three  top- 
sails and  the  foresail  blew  to  pieces,  also  the  inner  jib;  6  P.  M., 
bent  another  main  topsail,  and  hove  tlie  ship  to  under  a  close  reefed 
main  topsail,  heading  to  the  S.  E. ;  at  8  P.  M.,  blowing  a  tremend- 
20 


230  MARINli    JOURNAL. 


ous  heavy  gale  with  a  very  heavy  sea  running,  barometer  29  62; 
at  10  P.  M.,  the  wind  shifted  suddenly  to  the  is.  E.,  ship  laboring 
and  strainhig  Jicavily ;  at  midnight  siiipped  a  very  heavy  sea, 
wliicli  carried  away  starljoard  quarter  boat  and  shilted  the  cargo, 
causing  the  ship  to'heave  about  live  streaks  of  a  list  to  starboard  ; 
at  daylight  Lema  in  siglit,  about  two  miles  distant,  wore  ship  and 
made  sail  in  order  to  get  the  ship  otf  a  lee  shore;  at  8  A.  M.. 
Weather  moi-e  moderate  with  thick  fog  and  rain,  wind  S.  S.  E.,  and 
finding  the  sliip  drifting  in  sliore  bore  up  for  Hong  Kong,  to  repair 
damages ;  lost  a  great  quantity  of  running  rigging  during  the 
gale.  Tlie  Z.,  arrived  at  Hong  Ivong,  Sept.  14,  and  remained  there 
Oct.  14. 

Birk  Villafranca,  Hill,  at  Boston  from  Palermo,  reports  5th  inst., 
lat.  28  2'J,  Ion.  6'J,  saw  tlie  wreck  of  a  sclir.  witJi  mainmast  gone, 
full  of  water  and  abandoned ;  painted  black  with  yellow  stripes. 

Brig  Angeline  Avery,  from  Boston  lor  jSIartinique,  with  box 
shooks,  went  ashore  at  2  A.  M;  4th  inst.,  on  Nicholas  Shoal  Keef, 
about  :^9  miles  W.  of  Spagua,  and  bilged. 

Schr.  El  Dorado,  Hopkins,  of  rrovineetownj  from  New  York  for 
Boston,  got  ashore  on  Wood  End,  Cape  Cod,  m  the  heavy  blow  of 
16th  inst.,  but  came  oti'  next  day  and  probably  put  into  Province- 
town. 

Guernsey,  Nov.  SO. — American  schr.  Marshall,  Nelson,  from 
New  York  for  Havre,  with  wheat  and  Hour,  is  stranded  W.  of  this 
island,  and  is  under  water. 

Holyhead,  Nov.  28. — The  Hamilton  Gray,  Young,  from  Liver- 
pool for  New  York,  has  put'in  here  with  sails  split. 

WHALEMEN. 

Arr.  at  St.  Helena,  Sept.  9,  bark  Washington,  Babeock,  S.  H.^ 
took  provisions  and  sld.  again  ;  luth,  Mattapoisett,  Gitibrd,  W.  F, 
— took  an  8U  bbl.  sp.  wh.  otf  the  port  and  sld. 

Arr.  at  Anjier,  Sept.  2tj,  J.  H.  L»uvall,  Tribble,  of  Provincetown, 
on  a  cruise. 

The  rirst  officer  (Mr.  Fisher,)  of  bark  Stephania.  Witherell,  re- 
poits  her  at  sea,  Aug.  23,  lat.  34  55  S.,lou.  155  67  E.,  with  225  sp. 
o75  wh. — 200  since  leaving  Monganui. 

Spoken— Nov.  14,  lat.  17  )H)  S.,  Ion.  34  20,  bark  Mary  Thompson, 
(late  Woodward,)  from  Pernambuco,  on  a  cridse. 

SPOKEN,    ETC. 

Ship  Polynesia,  Morse,  hence  Aug.  30,  for  San  Francisco,  Oct. 
11,  lat.  14  S.J  Ion.  29. 

Sliip  Highlander,  Sherman,  from  Calcutta  for  London,  Sept.  29, 
lat.  -Si  S.,Iou.  52  E. 

SuooESTivE  Questions.  —  Where  is  St.  Helena?  What  ia 
Sperm  OiH  Wliere  is  Angier  ^  Whai  meant  bv  "  on  a  cruise?" 
Point  out  upon  the  map  about  where  the  Bark  Mary  Thompson, 
wan  spoken] 


MARINE    JOURNAL.  231 


Ship  Essex,  from  Eangoon  for  Falmouth,  Oct.  25,  Lit.  41  49,  Ion. 
30  30. 

Ship  Seaflo-n'er,  Taylor,  from  Greenock,  Sept.  7,  for  Hong  K:ng, 
Oct.  13,  lat.  6  N.,  Ion.  24  W. 

FOREIGN  PORTS. 

Antwekp,  Nov.  28.— Sid.  Garnet,  Bradford,  N.  York. 

Alexandria,  E.,  Nov.  12. — Arr.  N.  Stetson,  Phinnev,  Cardiff. 

In  ])ort  17tli,  Warednlc,  Cornins:,  for  England,  Idg'. ;  Kollitig 
Wave,  Collins,  and  N.  Stetson,  Phinnev,  for  Falmouth,  E.,  do.  ; 
Forest  Belle,  Percival,  and  Hannah  Secor,  Brooks,  for  Marseilles, 
do. 

Al.goa  Bay,  C.  G.  H.,  Sept.  22.— Arr.  Art  Union,  Tibbctts,  Bos- 
ton, (and  nld.  Oct.  1,  for  Calcutta.) 

Amoy,  Sept.  2'i. — Arr.  bark  Kale  Hastings,  Kingman,  New- 
chwang.     Sid.  Sept.  27,  the  Miletus,  McDonald,  N.  York. 

Bristol,  Nov.  2. — Arr.  John  Plenry  Carver,  Odessa,  via.  Fal- 
mouth ;  St.  Helena,  Springer,  St.  Johii,  N.  B. 

Sid.  from  the  Pill.  2>jtli,  Senator,  Harden,  Coquimbo. 

Bordeaux,  Nov.  2;^. — Sid.  .John  Howe,  Kelton,  California  ;  26th, 
S.  W.  Pike,  Lovell,  N.  York. 

Barcelona,  Nov.  22. — Sid.  Conqugror,  Boutelle,  Gibraltar. 

Batavia,  Sept.  2^. — Arr.  Wild  Rover,  CrowoU,  Jilelbourne. 

In  port  Oct.  13,  bark  Pliilomela,  Elhns,  for  Sourabaya,  to  load 
for  Persian  Gulf  and  back  for  2"), 000  Horins. 

Bangkok,  Sept.  2S. — In  port  ship  Herbert,  Crocker,  for  Hong 
Kong. 

Cardiff,  Nov.  27. — Arr.  Missouri,  Calhoun,  Gloucester.  Sid. 
28th,  Clara  L.  Preble,  Maxwell,  St.  Paul  de  Loando  ;  Jenny  Lind, 
Larrabee,  Genoa. 

Constantinople,  Nov.  16. — Arr.  D.  B.  Sexton,  Eenter,  Venice 
and  sld.  for(Gulatz.) 

Dublin,  Nov.  26. — Arr.  Ocean  Wave,  Winslow,  N.  York. 

Falmouth,  Nov.  27. — Arr.  Cora,  Plum,  N.  York. 

FoocHow,  Oct.  12. — In  port  ships  Harriet  and  Jessie,  Deshon, 
or  Shanghae. 

AMERICAN   PORTS. 

Boston,  Dec.  17.' — Br.  steamship  Enropa,  Anderson,  Liverpool, 
via  Qncenstown  and  Halifax,  arr.  up  at  4  P.  M. ;  ship  John  Ji. 
Dimmock,  Ilarwood,  N.  York;  bark  Viliafranca.  Hill,  Palermo; 
brigs  Celcstiiia,  Fickettj  Elizabethport:  Emily,  Smith,  Eondout ; 
sclirs.  Jolin  H.  Allen,  Ketchum ;  J.  V.  Wellingtoa,  CLipman,and 
Geortre  Byron,  Lowell,  Philadelphia;  Francis  Newton,  Ludlum  ; 
Castilian,  Belatty  ;  Lamartine,  Grant;  Orion,  Hunt,  and  Yandalia, 
Small,  Elizabetliport;  Telegraphed  bark  Ionic,  from  Maiauzas ; 
Bchr.  Hanover,  from  Miragoane.     Signal  for  a  bark. 

18th — Arr.  (by  tel.,)  ship  Undaunted,  N.  York;  barks  Surinam, 
Surinam ;  Wyman,  do. ;  John  Gilpin,  Loanda ;  Eobt.  Pennell, 
hence  for  Fayal,  put  back  leaking  ;  tjrigs  Orlando,  Port-au-Prince  • 


232  MARINE    JOURNAL 

Eockin^ham,  Miraffoane ;  Eade,  St.  Martins ;  H.  G.  Berry,  Cettc  *, 
sclirs.  Hanovci  And  Fearless,  Miragoane. 

BooTHBAT,  Dec.  IS.^Arr.  bark  Harriet,  Brown,  Belfast  for 
MatanzftS ;  brigs  N.  Stowers,  Stowers,  Bangor  for  Port  Royal;  J. 
W.  Woodrsff,  Eobinson,  St.  John,  N.  B.,  for  Philadelphia. 

Eastport,  Dec.  4. — Arr.  schr.  Amy  Wooster,  Wooster,  Philaael- 
phia,  (and  cid.  for  St.  John,  N.  B.)  Cld.  9th,  ship  Tara,  Jameson, 
(fiom  St.  John,  N.  B.,)  Liverpool. 

Ellswoktu,  Dec.  9. — Arr.  schr.  Superior,  Moore,  N.  York. 
Cld.  7th,  brig  Baltic,  Hooper,  Matanzas. 

Fall  Rivek,  Dec.  17. — Arr.  schr.  Thos.  Borden,  Wri^htington, 
Philadelphia.  Sid.  schrs.  Richard  Borden,  Arnold,  and  Cornelia, 
Mackey,  Elizabethport. 

New  Eedford,  Dec.  16. — Sid.  schr.  Wm.  H.  Howe,  Harris, 
Philadelpliia.  Cld.  17th,  bark  (late  ship)  Omega  (of  Sydney;  N. 
S.  W.,  late  of  Fairhaven,)  Grueber,  Melbourne. 

Newport,  Dec.  16. — Arr.  schrs.  Benjamin  S.  Wright,  Brown, 
and  Leading  Breeze,  Freeman,  Boston  for  Tangier  Sound,  Va. ; 
Wm.  H.  Rowe,  Harris,  N.  Bedford  for  Philadelphia ;  S.  Nelson 
Hall,  Paddock,  Elizabethport  for  Somerset. 

New  London,  Dec.  16. — Arr.  brig  Eugene  A.  Eeed,  Crane, 
Turks  Island  for  Hartford;  schr.  Cliarles  Carroll,  Pratt,  Phila- 
delphia. 

Philadelphia,  Dec.  17. — Arr.  brig  Mary  Means,  Wilson,  New 
York;  schrs.  R.  P.  King,  Leeds,  and  Fly,  Cheesman,  New  York; 
J.  S.  Lane,  Seward,  N.  Haven;  H.  A. "Weeks,  Godfrey;  Eagle, 
Newell ;  Monteveu,  Falkinbiirg,  N.  York ;  Wm.  Loper,  Robinson, 
East  Greenwich  ;  Excelsior,  Riley ;  E.  H.  Shannon,  Marts ;  Lewis 
Mulford,  Doyle,  Boston  ;  Jas.  llouse,  Sprague,  Baltimore  ;  Ino 
Crowell,  Providence  ;  Mary  Ella,  Talpey,  Portsmouth. 

Portland,  Dec.  16. — Arr.  steamer  Chesapeake,  Crowell,  New 
York.  Arr.  14th,  brig  E.  S.  Hassell,  Hassell,  Cardenas.  Cld. 
16th,  Br.  ship  lona,  Glasgow. 

Portsmouth,  Dec.  15. — Arr.  schr.  Pern,  Thorndike,  N.  York. 

Provinoetown,  Dec.  17. — in  port  brig  Emma,  from  Philadel- 
phia for  Boston,  and  six  schs. 

Suggestive  Questions  on  the  Preceding. — What  is  a  Marine 
Journal  ?  What  is  the  object  of  reporting  all  the  particulars  as 
given  in  such  a  Journal?  Where  is  Havre?  Gibraltar?  What  is 
the  difference  between  a  bark  and  a  ship  ?  What  is  tlie  difference 
between  a  schooner  and  a  brig?  What  the  meaning  of  U.  S. 
transport?  Where  is  Canton  and  what  would  a  ship  be  likely  to 
bring  as  freight  from  Canton  ?  Where  are  Georges'  Banks  ? 
Where  is  Eio  Janerio,  and  what  may  our  vessels  procure  there  as 
freight?  What  meant  by  phrase  "in  ballast?"  What  meant  by 
phrase  "  in  ballast  to  order?"  What  meant  by  "  e-xchan^d  sig- 
nals ?"  What  meant  by  "cleared?"  What  meant  by  Via 
Quarantine?  What  is  the  difference  between  a  "  foreign  "  clear- 
ance and  a  "coastwise"  clearance?  Point  out  upon  the  map, 
about  the  course  of  a  ship  from  Boston  to  San  Francisco.  From 
New  York  to  Canton.    From  Now  Orleans  to  Liverpool. 


REVIKVV    OF    THE    MARKETS.  233 

(Carefully  reported  for  the  N.  Y.  Tribune.) 

RETIE'W   OF   THE    MARKETS. 

Wednesday,  Dec.  13.  13G1. 

ASIIE8— The  demand  is  fair  and  tlie  market  steady  at  $5  51; J 
for  Fots^  and  So  50  for  Pearls. 

COTTON — Tile  marliet  is  witlioiit  essential  change  to-day,  the 
ft.reign  news'  having  no  perceptible  effect  upon  prices ;  tlie 
Bales  embrace  about  900  bales ;  \vc  quote  at  o7c.  for  Middling 
Uplands. 

COFFEE — There  has  been  rather  more  inquiry  for  Rio,  and 
prices  .ire  again  higlier  and  very  firm  ;  the  advance  is  about  ic.  ; 
Bides  of  1,(500  bags  at  ISlc.  for  good  finr  quality.  Other  kinds  .arc 
quiet,  and  mostly  held  out  of  the  market.  Quotations  are  merely 
nominal. 

COAL — The  demand  for  domestic  has  been  quite  active,  and 

firices  are  firm  at  $4  @  $5  ^  ton  from  y.ard.  The  receipts  have  been 
iberal  for  the  season.  In  foreign,  the  following  sales  have  been 
effected  :  UO  tons  Gas  Cannel  at  $(i  3S  @  .«;6  50  ;  218  tons  Liver- 
pool Steam  and  L'OO  tons  Liverpool  Cannel  on  private  terms. 

FLOUR  AND  MEAL— The  inquiry  for  Western  Canal  Flour 
is  less  active,  and  the  market  is  5c.  ^  bbl.  lower,  with  only  a  lim- 
ited demand  at  the  concession.  The  large  arrivals,  the  difficulty 
of  disposing  of  exchange,  and  the  withdrawal  of  IJritish  orders, 
cause  much  depression ;  the  sales  include  9,300  bbls.  at  $5  30  @ 
$.')  45  lor  superfine  State  .and  Western ;  $5  (55  @  5  70  for  extra 
State  ;  $5  75  @  |5  85  for  fancy  do.  ;  $5  75  @  5  85  for  the  low  grades 
of  Western  extra;  |5  90  @ ".$(5  for  extra  Round  Hoop  Ohio,  and 
$6  @  §(5  50  for  trade  brands  do.  Canadian  Hour  is  more  plenty, 
and  is  dull  and  lower ;  the  s.ales  are  350  bbls.  at  $5  35  @  $5  45  for 
superfine,  and  $5  65  @  $$0  50  for  extras.  Southern  flour  is  quiet 
and  easier;  sales  of  970  bbls.  at  $5  70  @  $6  20  for  mixed  to  good 
superfine  Baltimore,  &c.,  and  S'J  SO  @  *7  20  for  trade  brands.  Ryo 
Flour  is  steady,  and  in  limited  request ;  sales  of  150  bbls.  at  $3  15 
@  §4  40  for  superfine  and  extra.  Buckwheat  Flour  is  quiet  at 
$1  70  @  $2  ^  lOotb,  the  latter  rate  for  choice.  Corn  Meal  is  in  lim- 
ited request,  but  is  steady,  with  moderate  sales  of  Jersey  at  $3  10, 
and  Brundywine  at  $3  30. 

FRUIT— There  has  been  a  very  fixir  demand  for  Raisins  within 
the  last  few  diiys,  and  prices  are  steady;  sales  of  5,000  pkgs. 
M.alagH  at  $3  40"@.$3  45  for  Layers,  and  $3  25  for  Bunch;  other 
kinds  are  quiet ;  sales  at  auction  of  400  bo.xes  Palermo  Lemons  at 
$2  60  (ft  ^4. 

FlSlf-  -Dry  Cod  are  in  little  supply,  and  are  firm  .it  $—  @  |3  75, 
as  to  quality.     Mackerel  are  in  better  supply,  and  are  less  active; 

E rices  tlierofore  are  not  quite  so  firm.     Pickled  IleiTing  are  quiet, 
moked  Herring  are  less  active,  but  rather  firmer  at  21  @  23c.  for 
Scaled,  and  12  @  13c.  for  No.  1. 
GRAIN— The  Wheat  market  is  less  active  and  1  @  2c.  ^  bush 
20* 


234  revip:w  of  the  markets. 

lower,  owinf^  to  the  rapid  advance  in  freights  and  the  diiBculty  in 
selling  exchanee ;  the  sales  include  18,700  bush.  Chicago  Spring 
nt  §1  23  @  $1  27  ;  36,400  bnsh.  Milwaukee  Club  at  §1  2'J  '@  $1  SI : 
2,"00  bush.  Canada  Club  at  $1  32  ;  19,300  bush.  Amber  Iowa  ami 
Green  Bav  at  $1  S3  @  §1  35,  tlie  latter  rate  for  very  handsome 
Green  Bay ;  25,800  bu.sh.  Eed  Western  at  ^1  38  @  '^l  41 ;  5,700 
bush.  Amber  State  at  81  40;  12,200  bush.  Amber  Western  at 
$1  42  i  4/.00  bush.  White  Ohio  and  Indiana  at  SI  47,  and  3,100' 
bush.  White  Michigan  at  $1  50.  Barley  is  quiet  but  steady : 
sales  of  3,200  bush,  at  70  @  77c.  for  Canada  East,  and  77c.  for  good 
State.  Barley  Malt  is  inactive  at  80  @  90c.  Oats  a'-e  in  fair  .sup- 
ply and  lower ;  sales  of  some  18,600  bush,  at  42  @  43c.  for  Accomao 
County,  Va.,  being  the  first  arrival  from  the  reclaimed  territory; 
43  @  43ic.  for  Western  and  Canadian,  and  435(5,44c.  for  State.  Kye 
is  in  limited  demand  and  lower ;  sales  of  3,700  bush.  Jersey  at 
82  @  83e.  afloat.  Corn  is  1  @  2c.  ^  bush,  lower,  with  a  moderate 
inquiry  mainly  confined  to  that  in  store;  sales  of-llG, 000  bush,  at 
6Gc.  for  Eastern  Mixed;  60  @67c.  for  shipping  do.,  and  67c.  for 
old  Yellow  Virginia  weevily. 

HIDES — The  market  continues  quiet,  and  we  notice  no  mate- 
rial alteration  in  prices  ;  we  quote  Buenos  Ayres  at  22  @  23c.  ;  Eio 
Grande  at  21  @  21  ic. ;  and  Oronoco  at  20  @  20ic.  The  stock  ou 
hand  is  292,000,  against  163,000  same  time  last  year. 

HOPS — The  market  is  rather  quiet,  the  demand  being  confined 
chiefly  to  the  wants  of  brewers  since  the  receipt  of  the  startling 
European  news  ;  sales  of  100  bales  new  at  16  @  22c.  for  ordinary  lo 
prime  quality. 

IRON— Scotch  pig  has  been  in  lively  demand  at  $20  50  @  §22, 
cash,  ex  ship,  and  from  yard,  but  at  the  close  most  holders  are  in- 
different sellers,  unless  at  a  material  advance.  American  Pig'  haa 
also  been  in  good  request  at  §18  60  (a)  20,  cash,  now  lield  higlier. 
English  Sheet  is  scarce,  and  firm  at  4  @  6c.  for  .singles,  doubles  and 
triples,  cash. 

LEAD — The  market  is  less  active,  but  the  supply  of  all  kinds 
is  light,  and  prices  are  firm  at  87  for  Spanish  and  German  ;  small 
sales  Oi'  Galena  at  $7  25.  Bar  is  inactive  at  7c.,  but  Sheet  and 
Pipe  are  in  fair  request  at  8c. ,  cash. 

LEATHER — The  market  is  quiet,  though  Hemlock  Sole  has 
been  in  a  shade  better  request.  We  quote  Oak  Sole,  liirlit  to 
heavy,  at  26  @  28c. ;  Middle  do.,  27  @  30c.  Hemlock  Sole'liglit ; 
Heavy  and  Middle,  17^  @  22c. 

MOLASSES^The  market  is  quiet  and  we  have  no  important 
sales  to  advise.     Prices  are  maintained. 

NAVAL  STORES  have  lapsed  into  a  quiet  state,  and  we  have 
but  to  note  sales  of  50bl)ls.  Spirits  Turpentine,  at  $1  40,  cash.  Tai 
has;  advanced  to  $10  for  Wilmington. 

OILS--Linseed  is  in  moderate  request,  and  prices  are  quite  un- 
settled •  sales  I'rom  Crushers'  hands  at  81  @  83c.  ha  casks,  and  84  @ 
8Cc.  in  bbl.     Other  kinds  are  quiet,  but  firm. 

OIL-CAKE  is  in  fair  demand,  but  the  transactions  are  limited 
on  account  of  the  sm.ill  stock.  The  only  sales  that  we  can  get 
intelligence  from  aj-a  2,5  tons  Jitate  in  bags' at  $16,  <3a«h. 


liEVlEW    OF   THE    MARKETS.  235 


OATMEAL  continuea  in  moderate  request  at  previous  rates; 
ealvrt  of  oOO  bags  JStatu  for  home  use  at  §1  60  (ft;  ^1  65^  luulb., 
catili. 

I'KOVISIONS-^Pork  is  in  fair  demand  and  the  market  is  steady ; 
Balc-s  of  1,150  bbls.  at  $12  o7  (rt;  «l-i  75  for  Mces,  §3  STs  (g;  i'J  tor 
Prime,  and  §13  @  §14  for  Prime  ilesa— the  hitter  for  city.  Beef  i3 
in  fair  request  and  is  tiriu  ;  sales  of  2ijG  bbls.  at  §11  5U  @  §12  for 
Thiiu  Mess,  and  §13  60  (g  §14  for  Extra.  Beef  Hams  are  steady 
and  in  moderate  demand ;  sales  of  150  bbls.  at  §14  75  @  15.  Bueon 
is  in  fair  request  and  prices  are  steady ;  sales  of  770  bbl.  at  tii  (£§ 
Tic.  for  Western,  and  7  @  Sc.  for  City^  part  to  arrive.  Dressed  are 
plenty  and  in  good  demand  at  4§  @4-ie_.  for  Western,  and  4t  (rti4ic. 
for  City  Dressed.  Lard  was  dull  and  "heavy  early  in  the  day,  but 
subsequently  a  better  inquiry  prevailed  and  the  market  closed 
firmer  for  lots  on  the  spot ;  sales  of  yoo  bbls.  and  tee.  at  ti  (gi  '.'|C. 
Butter  is  in  fair  demand  and  is  firm  at  16  @  Isc.  for  fair  to  good 
State  ;  18  @  22c.  fsr  good  to  prime  do. ;  15  (a>  17e.  for  Western  Ke- 
ecrve  Ohio :  I2i  @  loe.  for  Middle  and  Southern  do.  ;  and  15  (g.  Hie. 
for  KoU.  Cheese  is  fairly  active  at  7  (tig  6c,  fOr  State,  and  6  (a;  6^c. 
for  Ohio. 

EICL— There  has  been  a  fair  demand  for  India,  and  the  market 
is  from  i  (rtj  ic.  higher.  We  hear  of  sales  of  2,000  bags  Java 
cleaned  at  bi  (^  6ic.,  aud  50  tcs.  Carolina  at  7  @  7ic. 

SUGAivS— The  business  to-d.ay  has  been  moderate,  but  pricea 
are  very  firm ;  some  holders  have  taken  their  samples  from  the 
market;  sales  of  oOU  hlids.,  mainly  Cuba,  at  71  («;  bJc.^  aud  ^63 
boxes  Havana  on  private  terms.  Kefined  are  firm  at  lu*  ^  loic. 
jbr  crushed,  powdered  and  granulated. 

SPICES — i'he  market  for  all  kinds  is  very  quiet,  but  prices  are 
buoyant.     We  hear  of  no  sales. 

SALTPETER— The  market  has  been  excited  under  the  bellig- 
erent news  from  Europe,  and  sales  of  some  3,200  bags  have  beeit 
made  at  15  @  loC,  closing  firmly  at  the  latter  rate.  JSitrate  of 
Soda  has  been  in  good  demand,  aud  prices  have  advanced,  closing 
with  an  upward  tendency  ;  sales  of  1,300  bags  at  Sic,  now  held 
at  6c. 

SALT — Livei-pool  ground  is  in  better  request,  and  prices  are 
firmer  in  consequence  of  tiie  warlike  news  froni  Evlrope ;  sales 
of  3,70U  sacks  in  the  ship  Thaluba  (jilst  arrived)  at  about 
S)(.ic;  the  receipts  during  the  past  week  of  bulk  .Salt,  both  from 
Europe  aud  the  West  Indies,  have  been  quite  liberal,  and  the 
latter  have  declined,  but  there  appears  to  be  less  depression  at  the 
close. 

SHOT  are  steady  and  in  fair  request  at  8e.  for  Drop ;  Sic.  for 
Buck,  anil  'Jc.  tor  Bullets,  net  cash. 

SPELTEli  has  been  in  fair  demand,  and  prices  have  advanced 
to  5tC.,  cash  for  foreign,  closing  with  an  upward  tendency. 

SEEDS — The  marivct  for  c-lovcr  seed  is  dull,  and  very  httio 
doing,  at  Tic.  ^  bush,.  Timothy  seed  is  steady,  with  sales  of  lit- 
tle note.  Linseed  is  held  with  great  firmness,  most  of  the  stock 
having  been  drawn  fiom  tiie  market,  hclders  are  now  asking 
$2  85  @  $2  60  ^  bush,      American    lioug  i    Flax    is   scarce  and 


236  MONETARY    AS  FAIRS. 

Vanted   at  improved  ro.tes ;    sales  of  500  bush.     State  at  $1  75 
Ciisli. 

TALLOW— "'The  demand  is  modefate,  and  the  market  is  some- 
what heavy;  sales  of  20,0001b  at  tii  @  9fc.,  cash,  the  inside  rate 
for  prime  Western. 

WHISKEY  is  in  fair  demand,  and  the  market  ia  steady  ;  sales 
of  isOO  bbla.,  at  20i  @  liOic. 

WOOL — A  good  demand  has  prevailed  both  for  domestic  and 
foreign  descriptions,  and  the  latter  are  held  with  increa.ied  firm- 
liess  at  the  close,  owing  to  the  warlike  news  from  England  ;  tho 
Inarket  for  all  kinds  is  very  lirm  indeed,  and  the  stock  of  low  and 
medium  fine  grades  is  inadequate  to  the  wants  of  the  trade.  High 
prices  are  anticipated  should  war  arise  between  this  country  and 
England. 

The  sales  include  2r,0,000Ib  Native  Fleece  at  46  @  52c.  ;  5:i,000lb 
Pulled  at  48c.  ;  150,00l>tb  California  at  28  @  35c.  7,0uulb  Mexican 
at  22c,  ;  3,000  do.  Washed  African  at  32c. ;  55  bales  Sjianish  un 
washed  at  SOe.  ;  6,000lb  Peruvian  at  25c.  ;  150  bales  East  India 
Unwashed  coniinon  at  25c.,  cash  and  6  months'  interest  added; 
20,00oK)  in  Montevideo.  2U,UO0tb  Mexican,  60,uOutb  Smyrna 
Washed,  150  bales  unwashed  Smyrna,  38  do.  Meniza  and  Cordova, 
and  80  bales  Donskoi  on  private  terms, 

SuGOESTiVE  Questions."^ What  is  meant  by  a  review  of  the 
market?     Wliat  market  is  referred  to  in  the  preceding? 

^4«Ae«— W^hat  is  meant  by  "pots"  and  '■'■^leark^^  How  are  they 
prepared  ?  Kanic  some  of  the  purposes  for  which  ashes  are  used  ? 
For  what  are  common  wood  ashes  valuable  ?  What  is  meant  by 
"demand  is  fair"  and  "market  steady?" 

Cottoii. — Wliat  is  cotton  i  Where  and  how  does  it  grow  ?  Eof 
what  used?  What  is  meant  by  "the  market  is  without  essential 
change  V  W'hat  has  "  foreign  news"  to  do  with  the  price  of  cot* 
ton  i     What  is  meant  by  "  nuddling  uplands  ?" 

Coffee — Is  cottee  an  animal,  mineral,  or  vegetable  production  ?— 
Where  obtalnetl  ?— Name  the  different  kinds.  For  what  is  cotfee 
Used  i  What  is  meant  by  "prices  are  very  firm?"  What  by 
"  other  kinds  are  quiet  ?"  Why  held  out  of  the  "  market  ?"  What 
ia  meant  by  "  quotations  merely  nominal  ?" 


MONETARY  AFFAIRS, 

Boston,  Dec.  21,  1861. 

Stocks  Were  steady  yesterday  with  a  fair  amount  of  business  at 
the  .Board.  The  war  fever  has  considerably  subsided  and  a  feel- 
ing of  confidenco  is  perceptible. 

Govoiument  stocks  and  State  securities  were  steady,  with  no 
change  in  quotations.  New  Hampshire  Sixes  were  in  demand  at 
lOOs. 

Manufacturing  shares  were  firm.     The  Hamilton  Company  and 


' 


MONETARY    AFFAIRS.  237 

Appleton  Company  have  declared  dividends  of  6  per  cent. :  975, 
dividend  off,  waa  bid  for  Appleton ;  110  was  bid  for  Chicopee ; 
Salisbury  advanced  to  140. 

Kailroad  shares  were  steady  with  limited  transactions.  107i 
was  bid  for  Maine.  108  for  Worcester,  102i  for  Old  Colony  ;  East- 
ern declined  to  55,  perhaps  on  a  supposition  that  the  January  div- 
idend will  be  passed ;  52  was  bid  for  Coucoixl ;  114  was  bid  for 
Western,  1074  for  Providence;  Wilmington  was  firm  at  3ii| ;  Met- 
ropolitan was  steady  at  50  ;  Middlesex  declined  to  Doi  ;  Lynn  at  par. 

Copper  stocks  were  tii'm  at  better  prices.  Isle  Eoyal  rallied  to 
ri,  closing  at  t)i  bid  ;  Quincy  was  firm  at  31  bid;  20i  was  bid  for 
Pewabic,  1;')^  for  Franklin;  National  was  in  demand  at  30 ;  5(5i 
was  bid  for  Minnesota,  144  for  Rockland  ;  Central  advanced  to  5i- 
bid  ;  Copper  Falls  was  in  demand  at  4  ;  24  was  bid  for  Hancock, 
42  for  Pittsburg,  14  for  Superior,  14  for  Toltec. 

Vermont  Central  first  Bonds  advanced  to  12,  closing  in  demand ; 
81  was  bid  for  Eutland  firsts. 

Bank  stocks  were  inactive.  Howard  sold  at  95,  closing  in  de- 
mand ;  no  change  in  quotations  for  others. 

Dividends. — The  Hamilton  Manufacturing  Company  and  the 
Appleton  Company,  both  of  Lowell,  have  declared  a  dividend  of  6 
per  cent,  each,  payable  Monday,  Dec.  23d,  to  holders  of  stock 
19th  inst. 

The  Old  Colony  and  Fall  River  Railroad  Company  have  de- 
clared a  dividend  of  $3  per  share,  payable  Jan.  1,  to  holders  of 
stock,  Dec.  20. 

The  Salisbury  (woolen)  Mills  pay  a  semi-annual  dividend  of  10 
per  cent,  on  Jan.  1. 

New  York,  Dec.  10.  Stocks  opened  much  lower  but  closed 
firmer  at  a  decline.  Chicago  and  Kock  Island  46i.  Illinois  Scrip 
56?  :  Michigan  Southern  guarantci^d  36f . 

New  York  Central  Railroad  76  ;  Reading  Railroad  31i;  Hudson 
Railroad  34}  ;  Canton  Company  9 J ;  Missouri  Si.xes  37  ;  Erie  Rail- 
road 2<',J  ;  Galena  and  Chicago  Railroad  674  ;  Cleveland,  Colum- 
bus and  Cincinnati  Railroad  100 ;  Cleveland  and  Toledo  Railroad 
2H ;  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy  Railroad  52. 

Michigan  Central  Railroad  434  ;  Ilarlem  Railroad  104  ;  Pacific 
Mail  Steamship  Company  80 ;  Panama  Railroad  108 ;  Norwich 
Railroad  35-  Tennessee  Sixes  404;  California  Sevens  8oi  ;  Fede- 
ral Coupon  Fives-of  1874,  80;  Registered  Sixes  of  1881,  87. 

New  York  Stock  and  Money  Market,  Dec.  16 — Second  Board. 
Stocks  higher  with  more  doing.  Chicago  and  Rock  Island  Rail- 
road 464  ;"  Cleveland  and  Toledo  Railroad  294;  Galena  and  Clii- 
cago  Railroad  68J  ;  Panama  Railroad  1U"<4;  Harlem  Railroad  Iti; 
Cleveland,  Columbus  and  Cincinnati  Railroad  100;  Erie  Rail- 
road preferred  48;  ^rie  Railroad  264;  New  York  Central  Kail-' 
road  H)i ;  Michigan  Soutlftrn  17 ;  Michigan  Central  Railroad 
44  ;  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company  82 ;  Virginia  Sixes  46 ; 
Missouri  Sixes  38;  U.  S.  Fives  1865,  86'4;  U.  S.  Sixes  of  1881,  904. 

New  York  Weekly  Bank  Statement,  Dec.  16. — Decrease  lu 
loans,  §^2, 146. 251;  decrease  in  specie,  $2,883,132;  decrease  in  cir- 
culation, $235,966  ;  decreaie  in  deposits,  $4,239,242. 


238 


Suggestive  Questions. — What  is  meant  by  "  Monetary  affairs  ?" 
What  meant  by  "  stocks  ?"  What  meant  by  "  at  the  board  ?" 
"Government  stocks  and  state  securities?"  "New  Hampshire 
sixes?"  "  Munnfticturing  shares  were  firm?"  Wliat  meant  by 
"dividend?"  AVhat  ly  "dividend  off?"  What  by  "dividend 
■will  be  passed?"  What  by  "steady  with  limited  transactions ?" 
What  meant  by  "  copper  stocks?"  What  by  "  Isle  Eoyale  rallied 
to9i?"  Where  is  "Isle  Koyale?"  What  do  we  call  a  dealer  in 
Btoeks  ?  What  meant  by  the  terms  "  bear  "  and  "  bull "  as  applied 
to  some  brokers ?     What  meant  by  "par  value?"     etc. 


From  Akaeia, — Aloes,    coffee,  dates,    drugs,  frankincense,  gwm 

arable,  myrrh. 
"      Asiatic  Islands, — Camphor,  cloves,  coffee,  ginger,  nutmegs, 

pepper,  &c. 
"      AusTisALiA,— Gold,  hides,  tallow,  wool. 
"      Barbary    States, — Fruit,    gums,    hides,    leather,    ostrich 

feathers,  wax. 
"      Balize,  ok  British  Honduras, — Cochineal,  cocoa-nuts,  ma- 
hogany, and  other  hard  woods,  sarsaparilla,  tortoise  shell. 
"     Bahama  Isladns, — Coffee,  cotton,  dye-woods,  mahogany, 

fruits,  turtles. 
"      Belgium, — Flax,  grain,  hops,  laces,  woolens,  &c. 
"      Brazil, — Coffee,  cotton,  diamonds,  dye-woods,  gold,  sugar, 

tobacco,  wheat. 
"     British  AMERicAy— Fish,  flour,  fnrs,  lumber. 
"      Cape   Colony, — Brandy,  hides,   ostrich    feathers,    tallow, 

wine. 
"     Chili, — Copper,  cotton,  fruits,  gold,  hemp,  hides,  silver, 

sugar,  wheat,  wool. 
"      China, — Articles  of  ivory  and  pearl,  nankeens,  porcelain, 

teas,  silks. 
"      Denmark, — Beef,  butter,  cattle,  cheese,  grain,  horses,  pork. 
"      Eastern  and  Western  Africa,  and  Egypt, — Cotton,  fruits, 

grain,  indigo,  linseed,  ivory,  gold,  rice,  sugar,   ostrich 

feathers. 
"      Ecuador,- — Coffee,  cotton,  fruits,  indigo. 
"      France, — Brandy,   cotton,   linens,   porcelains,  silks,    toys, 

wine,  woolens. 
"      Formosa, — Camphor,  rice,  sugar. 
"      Germany, — Grains,  linens,  and  various  articles  of  silver, 

copper,  &c. 
"      Great   Britain,  —  Cottons,    hardware,    linens,    porcelain, 

woolens,  &c. 
"      Greenland,— Seal-skins,  oil,  and  whalebone. 
"      Guatemala, — Cocoa,  indigo,  logwood,  mahogany. 
•*     Guiana, — Coffee  cotton,  fi-uits,"  sugar,  &o. 


EXPORTS.  239 


From  HiNDOSTAN, — Coffeo,  cotton,  indigo,  opium,  perfumes,  rice, 

silks,  sugar. 
•'      Holland,— Butter,  cheese,  fine  linens,  woolens,  and  various 

manufactures. 
"    India, — Cardamon    seeds,   cotton,    gums,  ivory,  raw  silk, 

timber. 
"      Ireland, — Barlej,    beef,    butter,    hides,    linen,    potatoes, 

tallow. 
"      Italy, — Fruits,  grain,  oil,  silks,  wines. 
"      Japan, — Cotton  and  silk  goods,  Japan-wai'e,  porcelain. 
"      Loo  Cnoo  Islands,— Sulphur,  salt. 

"      Mexico, — Cochineal,  dye-woods,  fruits,  gold,  hides,  silver. 
"      Madeira  and  Canary  Islands, — Fruits  and  wine. 
"      New  Granada,— Coft'ee,  cocoa,  cotton,  fruits,  indigo,  sugar 
"      Persia, — Carpets,  cotton,  gum,  opium,  rice,  rhubarb,  saf- 
fron, silks,  shawls,  wine. 
"      Peru,  —  Bullion,    cotton,    chinchilla    skins,    fruits,    gold, 

mercury,  peruviau  bark,  silver,  sugar,  vicuna. 
"      EussiA, — Furs,  grain,  hemp,  iron,  linen,  tallow,  timber, 

platina. 
"      Sandwich  Islands, — Coffee,  sugar,  whalebone,  whale  oil. 
"     Society  Islands, — Arrow  root,  cocoa-nut  oil,  pearl-shells, 

sugar. 
"      Spain  and  Portugal, — Fruits,  oil,  salt,  silks,  wine,  wool. 
"      Sweden  and»Norwav, — Copper,  nsh,  iron,  steel,  timber. 
"      Switzerland, — Cotton  and  silk  goods,  lace,  linen,  jewelry, 

paper,  watches,  &c. 
"      Turkey, — Carpets,  cotton,  grain,  fruits,  muslins,  oil,  swords, 

wine. 
•'      United  States, — Beef,    cotton,    coals,    corn,    fruits,    fish, 

lumber,  flour,  pitch,  rice,  pork,  lead,  lime,  salt,  woolens, 

&c. 
"      West  India  Islands,— Coffee,   cotton,   copper  ore,  fruits, 

indigo,  molasses,  rum,  spice,  sugar,  wax. 
"     Yucatan, — Dye-woods,  hides,  mahogany. 

Suggestive  Questions.— What  are  "Exports?"  " Imports  1" 
Where  is  Arabia?  What  are  aloes,  and  for  what  used*  How 
does  coffee  grow  ?  What  varieties  can  you  name?  What  arc  some 
of  its  qualities?  What  are  dates  ?  Frankincense?  Gum  Arabic? 
Irom  the  list  of  exports  which  are  animal  productions?  Which 
vegetable?  Which  mineral?  Which  are  used  as  food?  Which 
are  esteemed  for  medicinal  qualities?  Which  are  valued  for 
manufacturing  purposes  ?  Name  some  articles  made  of  ivory  ? 
Name  souie  of  the  different  kinds  of  teas?  Name  some  articles 
of  hardware  ?    etc.  etc. 


PRODUCTIONS  OF  THE  EARTH, 


AND  THE  COUNTRIES  IN  WmCII   THEY  ARE   OBTAINED. 


Agnte.  Ceylon,  Germany,  Hindostan 
Siberia,  Sicily. 

Alabaster.    Italy,  Spain. 

Almonds.  Barbary,  Portugal,  Spain 
Syria. 

AInes.  Arabia,  Barbacloes,  Cape  Col 
ony,  Melinda,  Socotra. 

Anther.  Greenland,  Prussia,  Siberia 
Sicily. 

Amfllii/sl.     Brazil,  Ceylon,  Siberia. 

Aivhnvi/.  Shores  of  the  Baltic  and  Med 
iterranean  Seas. 

Anise-Seed.     China,  Spain. 

Apples,  etc.     Most  temperate  coutitries. 

Arroic-Root.  East  and  West  Indies,  S 
America,  S.  Sea  Islands. 

Asaf'etida.  Beloochistan,  Hiudostan 
Persia. 

Bamhoo.    Within  the  Tropics. 

Banana.  Tropical  America,  East  In 
dies,  Polynesia. 

Barilla.     Sicily.  Spain,  Teneriffe. 

Barley.  Australia,  British  America, 
U.  States. 

Black-Lead  (Plumbago).  In  north  of 
England. 

Bristles.     France,  Germany.  Russia. 

Bread-Fruit.     East  Iniliss,"  Polynesia. 

Bitckicheat.     Nurth  Temperate  Zone. 

Camels'  Sair.  Asia  Minor,  Egypt,  Per- 
sia. 

CninpJinr.     Borneo,  China,  Sumatra. 

Castor-Oil.     Tropical  countries. 

Canidrlume  (India- Rubber).  Brazil,  E. 
Indies,  Madagascar. 

Cinnamon.     Ceylon.  Cochin  China. 

Citron.     Madeira  Isles,  Polynesia. 

Cloves.     Moluccas  or  Spice  Islands. 

Corjl.  Australia,  Borneo,  Burmah, 
France,  Germany,  Great  Britain,  In- 
dia, North  America.  Ac. 

Cochineal.  Mexico,  Teneriffe,  W.  In- 
dies. 

Cocoa.    S.  America,  W.  Indies. 

Coroa-JVuts.  .Africa,  Brazil,  Ceylon, 
Polynesia,  Siam. 

Copper.  Australia,  Chili,  England, 
Japan,  U.  States. 


Coral.  Mediterranean  Sea,  Persian  Gulf, 
Red  Sea,  &c. 

Cork.  Barbary  States,  France,  Italy, 
Portugal,  Spain. 

Cotton.     Africa,  Asia,  U.  States. 

Currants.     Greece,  Ionian  Isles. 

Dates.  Arabia,  Barbary,  Egypt,  Per- 
sia. 

Diamond'!.     Borneo,  Brazil,  India. 

Eltiiny.    (Jeylon,  Madagascar,  Mauritius. 

Eider  Down.  Greeulaud,  Iceland,  Nor- 
way. 

E.neralds.     Pern. 

Figs.  Africa.  France,  Greece,  Italy, 
Spain,  Turkey. 

Flax.  Australia,  Belginra,  Egypt, 
France,  Holland,  Ireland,  New  Zea- 
land, Prussia,  Russia,  Spain,  United 
States. 

Fare.  British  and  Russian  America, 
Russia,  U.  Stales. 

Fustic.  S.  America,  U.  States,  W.  In- 
dies. 

Gall -Nats.  Asia  Minor,  Calcutta,  Per- 
sia. Syria. 

Gamhoqe.    Ceylon,  Cochin  China,  Siam. 

Garnets.     Ceylon,  Greenland,  India, 

Ginger.  East  and  West  Indies,  Sierra 
Leone. 

Ginseng.     North  America. 

Gold.  Africa,  N.  and  S.  America,  Aus- 
tralia, Austria,  Borneo.  Celebes,  India, 
Mexico,  Siberia,  Sumatra. 

Grindstones.  France,  England,  Nova 
Scotia,  Scotland.  Sweden,  U.  States. 

Gu'ino.  Islands  of  Pacific,  and  on  coasti) 
of  Africa,  S.  America,  Ac. 

Gum  Arabic.  Arabia  and  many  parts 
of  .\frica. 

Gum  Lac.     Farther  India. 

Gutta- Percha.  Borneo,  Malacca,  Sin- 
gapore. 

Gt/psum.  Europe,  New  Brunswick, 
Nova  Scotia. 

Hemp.  Brazil,  Egypt,  Great  Britain, 
Italy,  N.  America,  Philippine  Islands, 
Russia. 

Indigo.     East  and  West  Indies,  Guinea. 


PRODUCTIOKS    OF    THE    EARTH. 


241 


Ipfraeiinttha.    Braeil. 

Iron.  Kurnpc,  U.  States,  and  various 
parts  of  the  woild. 

lainghiss.     Russia. 

Jvnrj/.     Africa,  E.  Indies. 

Jatiip.     Mexico. 

Lead.  Germany,  Great  Britain,  Siberia, 
Spain,  U.  States. 

Leerhe.i.     America,  Europe,  India. 

Lemons.  Azores,  Persia,  Syria,  West 
Indies. 

Licorice.     Ronthern  Rnrope. 

Lngirood.     Central  .\merica,  W.  Indies. 

ilnre.     East  and  West  Indies. 

Mdhnqany.  Central  America,  W.  In- 
dies. 

JUnize.  Africa,  America,  Australia, 
Southern  Europe. 

Mauna.     Sicily. 

Uerciiry.  Austria,  CaliforDia,  Pern, 
Spain. 

Millet.   Africa,  Germany,  India,  Poland. 

Mohair.     Asia  Minor. 

Molassen.  Louisiana,  Mauritius,  West 
Indies. 

Morocco.  Barbary  States,  Belgiuui, 
Spain. 

Mask.     Eastern  Asia. 

Nulinegs.     Borneo,  Moluccas,  Sumatra. 

Ou<.v.  Norway,  N.  America,  Russia, 
Scotland.  Sweden,  and  chiefly  between 
latitude  88  and  (iO  degrees. 

Olires.  Africa,  Brazil.  France,  Greece, 
Italy,  Ionian  Isles,  Spain. 

Opal.     East  Indies,  HunKary. 

Opium.     India,  Persia,  Turkey. 

Oranges,  etc.     .Most  tropical  countries. 

Palm  Oil.  Brazil,  Hindostan,  Western 
Africa. 

Pearls.     Algiers,  Ceylon,  Oceanica. 

Pepper.  Ea.st  and  West  Indies,  French 
Cluiiina. 

Peiurian  BarJt.     Bolivia,  Peru. 

Pine-Apples.  Hindostan,  Me.tico,  Poly- 
nesia, W.  Indies,  and  tropical  coun- 
tries. 


Plntina.    Asiatic  Russia,  S.  .iraerica. 

Pomegranates.  Asia,  Persia,  Sruthem 
Europe,  W.  Indies. 

Pdlash.  British  America,  Russia,  U. 
States. 

Prunes.     France. 

P umice-SUmc.     Island  of  I/ipari. 

Raisins,     Asia  Minor,  Ital.v,  Spain. 

Rattans.     M;ilacca,  East  Indies 

Rice.  Africa,  China,  East  Indies,  In- 
dia, Italy,  Japan,  U.  States,  W.  In- 
dies. 

Roseicood.     Brazil,  Canary  Isles,  Siam. 

Ruhy,     Burniah. 

Sago.    The  East  Indies. 

Saltpetre.     Egypt,  India,  Italy. 

Sapphire,  Burmah,  Bohemia,  France, 
Saxony. 

Sarsaparilla,  South  America,  West 
Indies. 

Sentui.     Arabia,  Central  Africa,  Egypt. 

Silver.  .■Vsiatic  Russia,  Bolivia,  t'liili, 
Himgary,  Mexico,  Peru,  Saxony, 
Spain, 

Slate.     Asia,  Europe,  United  States. 

Sponge.     Mediterrauean  and  Red  Seas. 

Sugar-Cane.  Tropical  America,  Brazil, 
Canary  Isles,  E.  and  W.  Indies,  Poly- 
nesia, Sicilj-. 

Sulphur.     Iceland,  Sicily. 

Tamarinds.  Arabia,  Egypt,  E.  and  W. 
Indies. 

Tar.     Northern  Europe,  U.  States. 

Tapioca.     South  America,  W.  Indies. 

Tea.     Anam,  Burmah,  China,  Japan. 

Tobacco.  America,  Asia,  Australia, 
France,  Prussia,  Turkey. 

Topaz.  Egypt,  India,  Mexico,  Siberia, 
S.  America. 

Tortni.ie-Shell.     E.  and  W.  Indies. 

Vanilla.   'Brazil,  Mexico. 

IV7i«i(.  In  most  parts  of  the  temperate 
zones. 

Tains.  Australia,  S.  America,  W.  In- 
dies. 

Zinc.     Belgium,  Prussia. 


Suggestive  Questions. — Which  of  the  above  are  mineral  produc- 
tions I  which  vegetable?  which  animal?  Name  those  whose  iisa 
is  principally  for  ornamental  purposes?  AVhich  are  valuable  for 
building  purposes?  Which  are  used  in  the  manufactures?  Wliich 
are  valuable  for  food ?  Which  have  medical  properties'?  Name 
some  purpose  for  which  alabaster  is  used?  amber  ^  copper?  iro.ij* 


242  LATIN    PREFIXES. 


LATIN  PREFIXES. 

A,  AB,  ABs,  from  or  away :  as  avert,  to  turn  from;  aSsolve,  to  free 

from  ;  aistain,  to  hold  or  keep  from.. 
An,"  to  ;  as  a<;?vert,  to  turn  to  ;  aclvdrh,  (a  part  of  speech  added)  to 
a  verb. 

Note. — For  the  snke  of  euphony,  the  finiil  letter  of  n  preposition  in  com- 
position iisuiilly  nssnmes  the  form  of  tlie  initial  letter  of  the  woril  to  which  it 
is  prefixed.  Thus  ad  hecomes  ac,  ns  in  nccede ;  ak,  ns  in  n/llx:  ao,  bs  in 
Degression  ;  ai.,  ns  in  allude  ;  an,  ns  in  ntuioiinre  ;  ap,  as  in  api>\y  ;  ar,  m 
in  arrogate;  as,  as  in  nssent ;  and  at,  as  in  attract. 

Amb  or  Ambi,  about  or  around  ;  as  ambient,  going  round  or  about, 

(See  t]ie  Greek  Prefix  AmpJd.) 
Ante,  before  ;  as  anteccAent,  going  before.     (See  the  Greeic  Prefix 

Anti.) 
Bis,  bi,  two ;  as  Jj'sect,  to  cut  or  divide  into  two ;  it'ped,  a  tico- 

footed  animal. 
CiRCUM,  cincu,  about  or  around;  as  wVcawjacent,  lying  around ^ 

circuXwic,  to  carry  round. 
Cis,  on  this  mde  ;  as  cisalpine,  on  tJiis  side  the  Alps. 
Con,  'With  or  tog  ether ;  as  cofldole,  to  grieve  ivith ;  concourse,  & 

flocking  together. 

Note. — For  the  sake  of  euphony,  con  becomes  co,  as  in  coheir;  coo,  as 
in  connate  ;  col,,  as  in  co/lect ;  com,  as  in  compress ;  and  coR,  as  in  cor 
respond. 

Contra,  against ;  as  contradict,  to  speak  against,  or  to  the  contrary. 

Contra  sometimes  takes  the  form  of  Counter,  as  in  counter- 
act, to  act  or  work  against. 
"De,  down,  from,  of,  or  conce7-ning ;  as  (f«scend,  to  come  down,' 

deduct,  to  take  from/  de-part,  to  part/>om/  c.?«scribe,  to  write 

of  or  concerning. 
Dis,  r>i,  asunder,  apart,  or  separated  from,,  (and  hence  its  negative 

force)  not ;  as  disjoin,  i^Mmember,  rfwplease. 
E,  EX,  out  of,  beyond;  as  «mit,  to  send  out;  eject,  to  cast  out  of; 

«irtend,  to  stretch  out;  exclude,  to  shut  out  of;  exceed,  to  go 

beyond. 

Note. — In  composition,  EX  is  changed  into  EC,  as  in  eccentric;  ef,  as  in 
efface;  and  el,  as  in  ellipse. 

Extra,  out,  beyond;  as  cx^mordinary,  beyond  ordinary. 

In  ■wheii  prefixed  to  verbs,  signifies  in  or  into,  on  or  upon, 
againsp ;  as  inject,  to  cast  in  or  into;  iwcident,  fulling  on  or 
tipon  ;  i/icite  to  stir  up  against.  But  when  In  is  prefixed  to 
NOUNS,  ADJECTIVES,  CKT  ADVERBS,  it  means  not  or  contrary  to; 
fts  fwjustice,  wifirm,  iMglorieusly. 


GREEK    PREFIXES.  243 


Note. — For  the  snke  of  eiipliony,  IN  in  composition  usually  assumes  the 
form  of  tlie  initial  letttr  of  tlie  word  to  wliicli  it  ia  prefixed  ;  a?  in  ignoble, 
Ignorance,  zVlegul,  iYluminate,  iwmortal,  e'miirison,  iVregulur,  i;fuiliate. 

Inter,  hetween ;  as  intervene,  to  come  between. 
Intuo,  to  within/  as  introdwcc,  to  lend  to  within. 
JcxTA,  ni(/k  to /•  as  Juxiaposhion,  position  nigh  to. 
Ob,  in  the  way  of,  against ;  as  oivious,  obstacle,  oijcct,  (to  cast  or 
urge  against.) 

Note. — In  composition,  OB  is  changed  into  oc,  as  in  occur;  of,  as  in  of 
fer  ;  and  op,  as  in  oy/press. 

Per,    through,    thoroughly,    or  completely;    as   joe/Tado,   to    go 

throvgh  ;  perfect,  thoroughly  made,  or  complete. 
Post,  after ;  as^w^iscript,  written  after. 
Pn^,  before  ;  an/'/'ecede,  to  go  before  ;  ji)?vdict,  to  foreieW. 
Preter,  beyond  oy pai<t ;  as /ire<«/'natural  and^'A'«<ente. 
Pro,  forth  iir  forward  ;  also, /'o?',  or  indead  of ;  as  jsrotrudo,  to 

x\n-W6t  forward  ;  pronoun,  for  or  instead  of  a  noun. 
Ee,  back  or  again  ;  as  revert,  to  turn  back  /  •/•(.form,  to  form  again, 

to  remodel,  to  improve. 
Eetro,  backward/  as  /•t'<;'ospect,  a  looking   lackwai'd  or  on   the 

past. 
Se,  aside  or  apart  /  as  secede,  to  go  apart  or  withdraw  from. 
8mE,  without  /  as  siweciirc  (without  care  or  duty.) 
Bub,  under /  as  s?/6.4cribe,   to  write  under;    a«6terranean,  vnder 

ground ;  sublunary,  under  the  moon. 

Note — In  composition,  sub  beromea  sue,  as  in  si/cceed  ;  suF,  as  in  svf- 
fer;  suo,  as  in  suggest;  sup,  as  in  supx^esa ;  and  aus,  us  in  £ii5peud. 

Subter,  under /  as  suJz;e?'fnge  (a  flying  under  or  beneath.) 
Super,  above  or  oner  /  as  sw^Jwnumerary,  above  the  number. 
Trans,  beyond  /  as  i?'a7isport,  to  carry  beyond. 
Ultra,  beyond  /  as  w^^ramarine  and  ttZimmontane. 


GREEK    PREFIXES. 

A,  not  or  without/  as  apathy,  without  (jpathos)  feeling;  abyss, 

without  a  bottom. 
Amphi,  about,  on  both  sides /  as  amp^z'theatre.  a  theatre  with  seats 

about  or  circular/  a7np7iihious,  living  in  both,  that  is,  either  in 

land  or  water. 
Ana,  again  or  back;  as  anabaptism,  that  is,  Kiptisn:  again  or  a 

second  time ;  analyze,  to  resolve  or  loose  (into  tlie  component 

parts)  again;  a;(achronisrn,   (dated  back  or  earlier  than  the 

occurrence,)  an  error  in  chronology. 
AifTi,  opposite  to,  ill  opposition  to,  against /  as  ylwi'arctie,  opposite 

to  the  Arctic  (circle;)  antagonist,  one  who  contends  against 

ancfther ;  antidoie,  something  given  against,  or  to  counteract. 


244  ENGLISH    OR    8AX0N    PREFIXES. 

Apo,  from  or  aicaif ;  as  a/iostlc,  (sent  from)  a  mis.sionaiy, 
a/>ostiite,  one  who  stands  from  or  abandons  liis  profession  or 
party  ;  apology,  a  word  or  discourse  from-,  nn  excuse  or  justifi- 
cation. Before  an  aspirated  vowel,  Aj)0  becomes  aph ;  as  in 
q/j/telion  and  fl/>/(aeresis. 

Auto,  s«///  as  a^ioj^rapli,  self-wntten  (as  "an  autograph  letter 
from  the  Queen^' ;)  a^/tobiograpliy,  a  biography  or  history  of 
one's  self. 

Cata,  down  :  as  mteract,  a  vivXexfaU. 

Dix^i  through  )•  as  <^(amcter,  a  line  passinff  through  the  middle; 
(^/agonal,  a  line  passing  through  a  parallelogram  from  oiiu  an- 
gle to  the  opposite ;  t/ialogue,  a  discourse  (passing  from  one 
side  to  the  other)  between  two. 

Ek,  'EX,  from  or  ovt  of ;  as  eclectic,  selected /"rom/  ecstasy  (stand- 
ing out  of,)  transport  or  rapture. 

En  (em,)  t«,  or  o»  /  as  g/?demic,  in  or  among  the,  people;  empha- 
sis, force  or  stress  laid  on  a  word  or  words  in  pronunciation. 

E^i,  vpon,  on,  over,  to  ;  as  e»fdemic,  vpon  the  people,  or  very  pre- 
valent ;  e/H'loguc,  a  word  or  speech  vpon,  or  inimediatcly'aiter, 
the  play  ;  e;j«stlc,  a  writing  sent  to,  a  letter. 

Htpek,  above;  as  hijperQx\\Aei\],  over  critical. 

Hypo,  under  ;  as  hypocrite,  one  who  keeps  under  or  conceals  his 
real  sentiments ;  hi/phen,  a  mark  used  to  bring  two  words  or 
syllables  under  or  into  one. 

Meta,  beyond ;  as  metaifivox,  a  carrying  of,  or  applying,  a  word 
beyond  its  proper  meaning. 

Paka,  beside,  from  ;  as  paragraph,  a  writing  beside  ;  para\\e\ 
beside  one  another ;  /?amsol,  keeping  the  sun  from ;  para~ 
dox,  from  or  contrary  to  the  general  opinion ;  a  seeming  con- 
tradiction, but  true  in  fact. 

Peri,  round  about/  as  periTphery.    (Compare  the  derivation  of 

CIUCUMFERKNOE. ) 

Stn,  with  or  together  with;  as  in  synthesis,  a  placing  together; 
synod,  a  going  together,  a  convention. 

NoTK. — In  rompnsiton,  syn   becomes  sv,  q5  in  jy«tcm  ;  syl,  as  in  spU 
lable  ;  and  sYM,  us  in  sympathy. 


ENGLISH   OR  SAXON  PREFIXES. 


A,  at,  to,  or  on ;  as  afield,  that  is,  at  or  to  the  field ;  afoot,  on 

foot ;  aboard,  on  board  ;  ashore,  on  shore. 
Be   has   usually  an  intensive   signification,   as   Jewail,   Jeapread, 

Aeliold,  i(^sprinlde.     In  because,  before,  oeside,  and  a  few  other 

words,  it  is  another  form  of  by. 
En,  em,  in  or  into  ;  as  ehrol,  embalm  ;  also,  to  make,  as  in  enable, 

enlarge,  eni)>-Av\\.  tv;' power. 
FoK,  7iegative  or  /ir/mi/ire  ;  Ai^  forbid,  to  bid  not  or  prohibit, /br- 

get,  not  to  g,:/  ur  have  in  recollection. 
FoEE,  before  ;  na  foresee,  forev,aira,fortmost,for\\'&rd. 


AFFIXES    Oil   TERMINATIONS.  245 


Im  fof  iNj  to  make  ;  as  imhittm;  impair  (to  make  worse,)  mpover- 
isli,  t/wprove  (to  make  proqf  qf,]  to  make  better. 

Mis,  not,  iCnncf  or  error  ;  as  mkli[kii,  wwconduct. 

Out,  beyond,  ^upcrioriti/  ,•  as  our'live,  e(/^riiii. 

Ov£B,  above,  beyond  ;  us  ot'e^'cliarge,  ot'crreaeli. 

Uk,  not,  like  the  Latin  in  ;  as  (//<;<pcakal)U-,  t/tcffable  ;  «ff\villiug, 
e/wvohuAary.  Prefixed  to  vekbs  it  siguitiea  to  undo  ;  as  in  un- 
lock., uiiXXa,  wfibind. 

tJP)  motiou  upwitrds ;  as  w/on,  w/)start;  also,  eiiljversioii  5  as  iu 
iipatit  (to  overthrow.) 

With, //•(?/>»,  agaimt,  as  ww!Adraw,  wei!/ihold,  MJt^fetaad. 


AFFIXES   OR  TER.MIXATIOXS. 

[It  IS  impossible  in  every  cnse  to  nscerlnin  the  exnct  force,  or  even  the  fene 
ral  import,  of  an  atfix  or  terminntion.  Several  of  lliem  seem  to  huveriitferent, 
and  even  cunlrndictory  nieimings,  and  in  some  ca^es  they  npiieiir  tn  be  merely 
paragngtt,  that  is,  tliey  lengthen  the  y/ord,  without  adding  to  the  nicnning. 
TcftclKTs  shonid  recollect  this,  iind  not  rco,uire  their  pupils  to  iis?ign  a  nmuning 
lo  every  affix  wliich  occurs.) 

Able,  ible,  ble,  or  ile,  implies  having  ahiUlij  or  power  to  do 
wl>at  the  word  to  wliieh  it  is  att-ached  signifies;  as  porta^^e, 
lit  or  cble  to  be  carried;  defensive,  that  which  can,  or  is  able 
to  be  defended;  doc?7e,  able  or  fit  to  be  tanglit;  ducte'^«,  that 
which  may  be,  or  is  fit  to  be  led,  or  drawn  out. 

AcEOLSj  having  the  qualities  of,  consisting  of,  resembling ;  as 
herDaceows,  testac'«o«s,  crnstaccows. 

Act,  implies  doing,  or  the  tiling  done ;  also,  state  or  condition ; 
as  conspiracy,  legacy,  celiba(?y,  prelacy. 

Age,  loit,  denote  the  .act  of  doing;  the  thing  done;  state  or  con- 
dition; as  carria(/<j,  passai/e,  marria^«,  bondcs^ey  aberrat*on^ 
inimerst'o//,  derlvati<?;i,  coliestort,  subordinat«o;i, 

Al,  an,  orv,  tc,  ID.  INE,  ILE,  dcnotc  belonging  or  pertaining  to ; 
as  nutura^  diicis^,  Enropeaw,  coUegia/i,  Christia/e.  /  prefatory, 
introductory/  public,  theoretic/  tiiuia,  Incid ;  alkali/ie,  fem- 
inine  /  infant/fc,  mereantjVe. 

Ana,  denotes  sayings  or  anecdotes  of;  as  WalpoIia/t<i,  John- 
sonia««,  that  is,  eayhigs  or  anecdotes  of  Walpole—oi  John- 
son. 

Ard,  state  or  ckarttcter  /  as  dotard^  one  in  a  state  of  dotage ;  sliig- 
gard^  one  who  slags  or  indulges  iu  sloth  ;  wizora^,  a  tvise  muu 
or  sage. 

Aby,  implies  pertaining  to,  or  one  who  is  what  the  word  to 
wliich  it  IS  attacheJ  signifies ;  as  military,  adversary,  mis- 
sionary. 

Aey,  kry,  or  ORY,  implies  also  a  act  or  collection  of;  a.s  library, 
aviary/  nursery,  rookery _  knavery,  cookery/  reposito/-y,  d  jr- 
mito/'y. 

Ate,  in  some  cases,  signifies  to  make  f  as  renovate,  iuvigora<«, 
abbreviate. 


246  AFFIXES    OR   TERMIXATI0N9. 

Don,  implies  domimon  or  possession,  state  or  condition  ;  as  king 
aom,  CiiristenJowi,  martyrdom,  irvcdom,  Vt'isdom. 

Er  or  OR,  denotes  the  agent  or  person  acting ;  as  doer,  writer, 
actor,  professor. 

Ee,  usually  denoted  the  person  in  a  passive  state,  or  as  the  object 
of  the  action  ;  as  (lessor,  the  person  who  lets  or  gives  a  lease) 
lessee,  the  penson  to  whom  a  lease  is  made  ;  patentee,  tTUste«, 
committee  (a  number  of  persons  to  whom  some  inquiry  ci 
charge  is  committed.) 

En,  denotes  made  of;  also,  to  make;  as  Vt'ooden,  golden./  black- 
e?i.  brighter. 

Ess,  tlie  feminine  termination  of  a  noun ;  as  prince»«,  lionet, 
duehes«,  actres*. 

FuL,  denotes  full  of,  or  aboimding  in ;  as  ho]p^ful,  ariful,  joj/uif 
s\\c(i(is?/ul. 

Ft,  denotes  to  make  ;  as  magni/y,  puri/y,  beauti/^,  notj/V. 

Hood  or  head,  implies  state  or  degree';  as  manhood,  maiden^ooc? 
or  head,  \n'iQ»iliood. 

IsH,  implies  belonghig  to  ;  like  or  resembling;  having  a  tendency 
to  ;  as  British,  IrisJi,  hoyisfc,  greenish,  thievwh. 

Isii,  denotes  sect,  party,  peculiarity,  or  idiom ;  as  Calvintsw, 
Jacobinw;»,  Grxcis7n,  vulgaris;?^. 

IsT,  denotes  skilled  in  or  professing ;  as  botanist,  ^orist,  artistf 
naturalist-,  linguist. 

Ite,  a  descendant  or  follower  of;  aa  Israelite,  Jacobz'^e, 

IvE,  has  usually  an  active  signification  ;  as  motjye,  defenstfe,  of- 
fensive, persuasive,  adhesive. 

IzE,  denotes  to  make  :  as  fertilise,  generalise,  civilise. 

Kin,  a  diminutive  affl.^  meaning  akl/i  to,  or  like ;  as  lamb^i;i, 
manikin,,  p\pkin. 

Less,  denotes  privation,  or  to  be  without ;  as  joyless,  careless, 
harmiesfi. 

Ling,  cle,  el,  eTj  ock  express  diminution,  endearment,  con- 
tempt ;  as  go»hna  (little  goose,)  foundling  (a  littte  child  or  in- 
fant ,/oi//i(i  or  abandoned,)  darling  (little  dear,)  undeilin(/f 
yforldli/K/  ,•  partieie,  satchel,  pocket,  hillock. 

Like  or  ly,  denotes  likeness  or  similitude  ;  as  god^i^e  or  god/y, 
gentlemaniiZ;e,  or  gentleman^'//. 

Ment,  implies  the  act  or  doing  of;  state  of;  as  acknowledg?7iera^, 
contentwe/)!;. 

Ness,  denotes  the  pi'ominent  or  distinguishing  qualities  ;  state  or 
quality  of  being ;  as  goodwew,  great«ei<(5,  white«e«s,  happi/iess, 

OsE,  denotes  full  of;  as  verbose,  full  of  words. 

Ovs,  implies  having  or  consisting  of;  as  dangerow*,  hWious,  ambi- 

tiOMS. 

Rick,  implies  rule  or  juiisd'ction  ;  as  bislioprici. 

Ship,  denotes  office,  state,  or  condition  ;  as  chancellore7i?/>,  loi'd- 

ship,  t'Mowship,  fr'nindship. 
Some,  denotes  some  of,  or  in  some  degree  ;  as  trouble«07?i.e,  yenture- 

Bome,  quurrel,s"o;»e,  handsome. 
TiDE,  denotes  time  or  uvont ;  as  noontide,  Whitsun^iti*", 


I 


USE    OF    APPROPRIATE    PREPOSITIONS, 


24'i 


TuDE,  ITT,  or  TY,  implies  being  or  state  of  being  ;  as  gratitude, 

mnkitude^   t'ortitude;    ability,  adverstiy/    novelty,  anxiei!^, 

honesty,  liberily. 
Ward,  means  tvirned  or  in  the  direction  of;  as  toward  {turned  to,) 

i'orward,  (foi'ew urd,)  bat^kward. 
Uee,  implies  doiug  or  being  ;  state  or  condition;  as  nianufact?<?'(;, 

capture,  Serlip't(//'«,  exposure,  displeasure. 
Y,  implies  having  or  abounding  in;  as  (stone,)  stony,  (wealth) 

wciUthy,  (wood)  woody. 


USE   OF   ArPROPRIATE   PREPOSITIONS. 

Certain  words  and  phrases  should  be  followed 
by  appropriate  prepositions.  The  following  list 
exhibits  the  correct  use  of  various  prepositions : 


Abhorrence. 

Accuse. 

Acquit. 

Admonish. 

Admiration. 

Ambitious. 

Boast. 

Clear. 

Diminution. 

Enamored. 

Exclusive. 

Ignorant. 

Independent. 

Inform. 

Mistrustful. 

Need. 

(Observance. 

Proud, 

Pursuance. 

Want. 

Worthy. 

Acquainted. 

Accord. 

Comply. 

Compliance. 

Camiiatible. 

Endowed. 

Endued. 

PeiJotc. 

Sympathize. 


of 


with 


Accede. 

Agreeable. 

Adapt. 

Adequate. 

Aliinitv. 

Antipathy. 

Confor.nable, 

Congenial. 

Conson.mt. 

Correspond, 

Discouragement. 

Endeared. 

Foreign. 

Inured. 

Prejudicial 

Pursuant. 

Eeconcile, 

Kegard. 

I'elevant. 

Restore, 

True, 

Bestow. 

Call. 

Depend. 

Devolve. 

Fawn. 

Frown, 

Inculcate. 

Intent. 

Insist. 


Abound. 
Acquiesce. 
Alteration. 
Conlide, 
Deticient. 
Difficulty. 
Eager. 
Engage. 
Initiate. 
Trust. 
■  to   Versed, 
Alienate. 
Differ. 
Derogate. 
Dissent. 
Distinguish, 
Swerve. 


from 


Note. — Let  tho  pnpil  be  required  to 
an  aijpropriute  us(  ot  the  above  words. 


upon. 


write  sentences,  and  make 


THE  STATES  AND  THEIR  MOTTOES. 


United  States.     E  plnribua  unum.     {One  cojn^osed  of  many.) 

Alabama.     (i\o  motto.) 

ARKAN.SAS.     Kecrnaut  popnli.     {The people  rule.) 

Cai.ifokma.     Eureka.     {I  have  found  it.) 

CoNNECTicHT.     Qui  transtulit,  sustinet.     {Be  who  brought  ua  her* 

still  preserves.) 
Delaware.     Liberty  and  independence. 
Elorida.     In  God  is  our  trust. 
Georgia.     Wisdom,  justice,  and  moderation. 
Illinois.     State  sovereignty  and  national  union. 
Indiana.     Justice. 

Iowa.     Our  liberties  we  prize,  and  our  rights  we  v/111  maintain. 
Kentucky.     United  we  stand,  divided  we  fall. 
Louisiana.     Union  and  confidence. 
Maine.     Dirigo.     {I  direct.) 

Maryland.     Crescite  et  multiplicamini.    {Increase  and  multiply.) 
Massachusetts.    Ense  petit  placidam  sub  libertate  quietem.    {By 

his  sivord  lie  seeks  the  calm  repose  of  liberty.) 
Michigan.     Si   quaris  peninsulam   amoenam,   circuinspice.     {If 

thou  seekest  a  beautiful  yeninsula,  behold  it  here.) 
Mississippi.     {No  motto.) 
Missouri.     Salus  populi  suprema  lex.     {The  welfare  of  the  people 

is  the  first  great  law.) 
New  Hampshire.     {No  motto.) 
New  Jersey.     Liberty  and  independence. 
New  York.     Excelsior.     {More  elevated:  onward.) 
North  Carolina.     {No  motto.) 
Ohio.     {No  motto.) 

Pennsylvania.     Virtue,  liberty,  and  independence. 
Ehode  Island.     In  God  we  hope. 
South  Carolina.     Animis  opibusque  parati.     {Ever  ready  witk 

our  lives  and  property.) 
Tennessee.     {No  motto.) 
Texas.     {No  motto.) 
VEKiJONT.    Liberty  and  independence. 
Virginia.     Sic  semper  tj'rannis.     {So  be  it  ever  to  tyrant*.) 
Wisconsin.     Civilitas  successit  barbarum. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


The  following  list  contains  most  of  the  abbreviations  in 
common  use.  Pupils  should,  occasionally,  be  required  to 
illustrate  their  use  by  incorporating  them  into  sentences. 
(See  examples  at  the  end  of  Abbreviations.) 


A.  or  Ans.     Answer. 
A.A.S.   {AradfinicB Americanm So- 
ciii').)     Fellow  of  the   American 
Academy. 
A.B.        {Ariiiim     Baccalaureus.) 

BMolielor  of  Arts. 
A.B.C.F.M.  American  Board  ofCoin- 

misbiniuTS  fur  Foreign  Missions. 
Abp.     Arciibisho|>. 
A.C.      (Ante    Christum.)       Before 

Christ. 
A  cot.     Acconnt. 
A.D.    (Anno  Domini.)    In  the  year 

of  our  Lord. 
Adi     Adjutant 
A  dm.     Ailmiral. 
Adiiir.     .Admiuistrator. 
^t.     {JStaii-s.)    Aged. 
Alaliama. 
Alderman. 
Altitude. 
.....     (Artium  MaaUter.)    Master 
of  Arts.  (^Ante  Meridiem,.)   Before 
noon.      (Anno   Mundi.)     In   the 
year  of  the  world. 
Aint     Amount 

Anonymous. 
April. 
Arkan.sas. 
Attorney. 
A  tt.C.    (Anno  UrhiK  Condita.)    In 
the  year  from  the  building  of  the 
city,  i.  e...  Rome. 
Aug.     August. 


Al 
Aid 
Alt 
A.M 


Anon 
Ai)r. 
Ark. 
Attv. 


Bart 

Bill 

BC. 

BI). 

BL. 

B.M. 


Baronet. 
Barrel. 

Before  Christ 
Baihelor  of  Divinity. 
Barlielor  of  Laws. 
Bachelor  of  Medicine. 


Bp.     Bishop. 

Brisr.     Brisradier. 

Bush.     Bushel. 

B.V.  (Beata  Virgo.)  Blessed  Virgin. 

Cor  Cent     (Centum,.)    A  hundred. 

C.ip.     (Caput.)    Chapter;  Capital. 

Capt     Captain. 

Cash.     Cashier. 

C.E.    Canada  East;   Civil  Engineer. 

Ch.     Church. 

Cliron.    Chronicles. 

C.J.     Chief  Justice. 

CI.     Clerk. 

Co.     Company. 

Col.     Colonel ;  Colossians. 

Coll.     Collese. 

Com.    Commissioner;  Commodore; 

Committee. 
Con.     (Contra.)     Against 
Conn,  or  Ct     Connecticut. 
Const     Constable. 
Cor.     Corinthians. 
C.P.S.      (Cmtos    Privati   Sigilli.) 

Keeper  of  the  Privy  Seal. 
Cr.     Credit:  Creditor. 
C.S.     (Gustos  Sigilli.)     Keeper  of 

the  Seal. 
Cts.     Cents. 
C.W.    Canada  "West 
Cwt.    Hundred  weight 

D.  or  d.     (Denarius.)    A  penny. 

Dan.     Daniel. 

DC.     District  of  Columbia. 

D.D.   (^Divinitatis  Doctor.)  Doctor 

of  Divinity. 
Dea.     Deacon. 
Dec.     December. 
Deft     Defendant 
Deg.    Degree. 


250 


ABnRKVIATIONS. 


Del.     Dflla-sTHre. 

Den.     Deniii.irk. 

Dept.     Deiiartiiieiit:   Dt'put}'. 

Dent.     Di'HtpniiKimy. 

D.6.     {Dei  Gratia^)    By  tlie  grace 

ofGo.l. 
Dist.     District. 
Div.     Dividend. 
Dn.     Ditto ;  The  same. 
Dolls.  «'•  .$.     Dollars. 
Doz.     Dozen. 

D.P.    Doctor  in  Philosopliy. 
Dr.     Debtor;  Doctor. 
D.V.    (Deo  volente.)    God  willing. 
Dwt.     Pennyweiglit. 

E.     Eiist 

Ef?cl.     Eccle.siastes. 

Ed.     Edition :  Editor. 

E.E.     Errors  Excepted. 

E.G.  o/'e.^.    {Exempli  gratia)   For 

eiannple. 
E.I.     Ea.st  Indies. 
E  X.E.     East-northenst 
Enj;.     En-rland;  Eii-lish. 
Ep.'    Epistle. 
Eph.     Ephesians. 
E.S.E.     Ea.st-southeast 
Esq.     Esquire. 

Et  al.    (Etnlia.)    And  others. 
Y.\c.    (Etccetera.)     And  so  forth. 
Ex.    Exainfilc;  E.'cception;  Exodus. 
Eve.     Excellency. 
Exr.     Executor. 
E/.ek.     Ezekiel. 

Eahr.     Fahrenheil:, 

Feb.     Felirnary. 

Fein.     Feminine. 

Fi?.     Fifrnre. 

Fir.     Firkin. 

Fl.  or  Flor.    Florida. 

Fr.     France. 

F.R.S.     Fellow  of  IhoEoyal  S->ciety. 

f'.S.A.    Fellow  of  the  Society  of  Arts. 

Ft.     Feet;  Fort 


Ga. 

Georda. 

G>il 

Galatians. 

Gall. 

Gallon. 

G.B. 

Great  Britain. 

Gen. 

Gene.<is ;  General 

Gent. 

Gentleman. 

Geo. 

George. 

Geo? 

Geography. 

Geoir 

.     Geometry. 

Ger. 

German. 

G.M. 

Grand  Master. 

Gov.     Governor. 

G.l;.     {Geor{/ius  Rex.)    George  the 

Kin^ 
Or.     Grains ;  Greek. 
Gram.     Grammar. 

II  B.M.     His  or  Her  Britannic  Maj- 
esty. 
Heb.     Ilebrew.H. 
llhd.     Hogsliead. 
Hon.     Honorable. 
Hand.     Hundred. 

I.  or  Isl.     Island. 

la.     Indiana. 

lb.  or  Ibid.    {Ibidem.')    In  the  samo 

place. 
Id.     (Idem)    The  same. 
I.e      {Id  est.)    That  is. 
I.H.S.    {leatm  Ilnndnuni  Salvator.) 

Jesns  the  Saviour  of  Men. 
III.     Illinois. 

Incog.     (Incognito.)     TJnknown. 
Inst     Instant;  The  present  month. 
Int     Interest 
lo.     Iowa. 
Isa.     Isaiah. 
It     Italy. 


J.    Judse. 

Jac. 

Jacob. 

.Ian. 

Jan  nary. 

,la.s. 

James. 

Jer. 

Jeremiah. 

.Tno. 

John. 

•Ton  a 

Jonathan. 

Jos. 

Joseph. 

Josh. 

Joslina. 

Jr.  0 

•  Jim.    Junior. 

K.     Kins. 
Kan.     Kansas. 
Kt     Kniglit 
Ky.     Kentucky. 

L.     Latin;  (Lihrn.)  Book. 

L.  or  lb.      (Libra.)      A   pound   in 

weight 
£,  L.,  or  1.     A  pound  sterling. 
La.     Louisiana. 
Lat     Latitude. 
L  C.     Lower  Canada. 
Ldp.    Lor.lsldp. 
Lev.     Leviticus. 
L.I.     Lont' Island. 
Lieut  or  Lt     Lieutenant 
LL.B.       (Legum     Baccalaurints.) 

Bachelor  of  Laws. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


251 


•LL.t)    {Legum  Doctor.)    Doctor  of 

Laws. 
Lon.     Loiigitmle. 
Lorui.     London. 
L.S.     {Loaus  Sigilti.)    Place  of  the 

Seal. 

.  M.      Mnrquis;    Meridian;    {Mille,) 

Thousiirui. 
Maj.     Major. 
Mill.     Mnlachi. 
Mas.     Masculine. 
Mass.     Massachusetts. 
Matli.     Malheinalics. 
Mait.     Matthew. 
M.C.     Meinlier  of  Congress. 
M.D.     (MfdioiiicB  Doctor.)    Doctor 

of  Medicine. 
Md.     Maryland. 
M.E.     Methodist  Episcopal 
Me.     Maine. 
Mem.       (ilemf-nto.)       Eemember ; 

Memorandum. 
Messrs.     {Messieurs.)    Gentlemen  ; 

Sirs. 
Mich.    Michigan. 
Minn.     Minnesota. 
Miss.    Mississippi. 
Mo.     Missouri ;  Month. 
M.P.     Member  of  ParHament 
Mr.     Mister. 
Mrs.     Mistres.'. 
MS.     Manuscript, 
MSS.     Manuscripts. 
Mt.     Mountain. 

N.    North;  Note;  Number. 

N.A.     Nortli  America. 

Nath.     Niithaniel. 

Naiit.     Nautical. 

N.B.  (KotaBene.)  Note  well;  Take 
notice. 

N.C.     North  Carolina. 

N.E.     Northeast;  New  England. 

Neb.    Nebraska 

Nem.  Con.  (Meininfi  ContrarJicen- 
tc.)  No  oiie  contradicting;  Unan- 
imously. 

N.H.  NewIIainpshirc;  NewHolland. 

N.J.     New  Jersey. 

N.N.E.     Nortli-n'orthe.ist. 

N  N.W.     North-nonliwe.st. 

No.    (Xuiiiero.)    Number. 


Nom.    Nominative. 

Nov.     November. 

N  S.     Nova  Scotia;  New  Style. 

N.T.    New  Testament. 

Num.     Numbers. 

N.W.    Noithwest 

N.Y.    New  York.  ^ 

O.     Ohio. 

Ob.     {OldU.)    Died. 

Oh'y     Objection ;  Objective. 

Oijt.     ObedienL 

Oct.     Oitoiier. 

O.S.     Old  Style. 

O.T.     Old  Testament. 

Oz.     Ounce. 

Pa.  or  Penn.     Pennsylvania. 

Purl.     I'arliament. 

I'ayt.     Payment. 

Pd.     Paid. 

Plt  or  pr.     By  the ;  as,  per  yd.,  bjr 

the  yard. 
Per  cent.     {Per  centum.)    By  the 

hundred. 
Phil.     Philip;  Philippians. 
Pliila.     Philadelpliia. 
PI.     Plural. 

P.M.     P(ist-ma.ster:  Afternoon. 
P.M  G.     Post-master  General. 
P.O.     Post-oflice. 
I'op.      Population. 
pp.  or  p[).     Pases. 
I'rcp.     Prt-poslrion. 
Prrs.     President. 
Prob.     Problem. 
Prof.     Professor. 
Pron.     Pronoun. 
Prop.     Proposition. 
Prot.     Protestant. 
Protein.     {Pro  tempore.)     For  the 

time  beintc. 
Prov.     Proverbs. 
I'ro.v.     (Pioximo.)    The  next. 
PS.  (P<>-st.'<criptum.)  Written  after; 

Postscript. 
Ps.  Psalms. 
Pt.     Pint 

Q.  or  Qu.    Questions. 

Q.E.D.      {Quod   end  demnnxtran- 

dum.)     Which  was  to  be  doniou- 

Btrated. 


*  It  is  often  asked  why  two  L's  are  need  in  this  and  the  preceding  in- 
stance. It  is  probably  because  Legum  is  plural. — though  the  same  rea-on 
does  not  .seem  to  have  <lirecte<i  other  and  similar  cases.  Some  contend  thiit 
the  letters  represent  Lef/is  Leguni  Doctor — ^i.  e.,  Doctor  of  the  law  of  laws. 


252 


ABBREVIATIONS, 


Q.L.  {Qnnntum  lilrei.)  As  much 
as  you  please. 

Qr.     Quarter;  Fartliing. 

Q.S.  (Qiuiiitiim.  siifficit.)  A  suffi- 
cient quantity. 

Qr.     Quart. 

Q.V.     {Quod  vide.)    Wliich  see. 

E.    (Bea:,)  Tlie  King ;  (Ilegina,)  The 

Queen. 
Koc.  or  E.     Recipe. 
Eec"il.     Eeeeived. 
Eec.  Soo.     lieconling  Secretary. 
UefT-     Ee^ister;  Eegular. 
Eest.     Eegiinent. 
Eep.    Eepresentative. 
Ei'v.     Eeverenil ;  Kevelations. 
E.I.     Eliode  Island. 
E.N.     Edval  Navy. 
Eobt.     Eol>ert. 
liom.     Eoman.s. 
E.E.     Eailroad. 
Et,     Eigh!. 

Et.  Hon.     Eislit  Honorable. 
Et.  Eev.    Eight  Eevereud. 

S.     South  :  Shillins. 

S.A.     South  America. 

Sam.     Samuel. 

SO.      South     Carolina;      Supreme 

Court. 
Sc.  oz-Soulp.    {Sciilpsit.)   Engraved. 
Sclir.     Si-'liooner. 
Scil.  or  SS.     (Scilicet.)     To  wit; 

Namelv. 
S.E.    Southeast 
Sec.     Secretary. 
Srct.     Section. 
Sen.     Senator;  Senior. 
Sept.     September. 
Serg.     Sergeant. 
Servt.     Servant. 
Cing.     Singular. 
Sol.     Solomon, 
bq.     Square. 


St.     Saint;  Street. 
Supt.     Superintendent. 
Surg.     Surgeon. 
S.W.    Southwest. 

Tenn.'   Tennessee. 

Tox.     Te.vas. 

Tlieo.     Theodore. 

Theol.     Tlieolosy. 

'I'liess.    Thessalonians. 

Thos.     Thomas. 

Tim.     Timothy. 

Tr.     Transpose;  Translation. 

U.C.    Tipper  Canada. 
Ult.    ( Ultimo.)    The  last. 

U.S.     United  States. 

U.S.  A.     United  Slates  of  America. 

U.S.N.     United  States  Navy. 

V.     (Vide.)    See;  Verse. 

Va.    Virginia. 

Viz.    (  Videlicet.)    Namely ;  To  wii 

Vol.     Volume. 

V.P.     Vice-President. 

V.E.     ( Victoria  liegina.)    Queen 

Victoria. 
Vs.     ( Versus.)    Against. 
Vt.    Vermout. 

"W.     West. 
Weii.     Wodnesday. 
W.I.     West  Indies. 
Wis.     Wisconsin. 
Wm.     William. 
Wt.    Weight. 

Xmas.     Christmas. 
Xn.     Christian. 

Y.     Tear. 
Yd.     Yard. 
Yrs.     Yours, 

&c.     And  so  forth. 


SUGGESTIVE  SENTENCES. 

Wm.  IT.  Wells,  A.  M.,  called  to  see  me  at  9  o'clock,  A.  M.,  Aug.  4thi 

Ci.pt.  W.  Bidwell  resides  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

The  vessel  sailed  on  the  .5th  inst. 

I  this  day  received  your  letter  of  the  25th  ult. 

I  will  call  and  see  you  on  the  4th  pros.,  D.  V. 

The  mnn  bought  4  cwt.  of  sugar,  at  9  ots.  per  lb. 


£^J 


PKOOF  MARKS. 

Ir  is  well  for  all  to  have  some  knowledge  of  the  mode 
of  correcting:  proof.     The  following  will  give  some  insight 
,  into  the  siilyect. 

ay     TnoTJGii  a  variety  of  opinions  exist  as  to  the  indi- 
Tidual  by  w^[om  the  art  of  j^rinting  was  first  dis-  ^ 
covered;   yet  all  authorities  concur  in  admitting 
^afid  Peter  Schoeffer  to  be  the  person  who  invented  cast 

metal  types,  having  learned  the  art  of  <.vf  cuttmg  the    j 
Q    letters  from  the  Guttenibergsj  he  is  also  supposed  to 
4^   have  been  the  first  whoengraved  on  copper^  plates.  /./ 
f-y  The  following  testimony  is  preseved  in  the  family, 
v_^  by     Jo,     Fred.     Faustus,     of    Ascheflfenburg : 
n >  ' Peter    SchoeflTer,    of   Gernsheim,    perceiving    his  (^,'^ah, 
\V    master  Fausts  design,  and  (^himself' being)  ardently  <fe, 
desirous  to  improve  the  art,  found  out  (by  the  good 
providence  of  God)  the  method  of  cutting  (incidcndi)   ^^_ 
the  characters  in  a  matrix,  that  the  letters  might 
?/ easily  be   singly  castj  instead  of  bi^ng  cut.     He  e// 
I     privately  cut  matriccsl  for  the   whole   alphabet:/^ 
Faust  was  so  pleased  with  the  contrivance,  th^l  J^e  / 
^y  promised    peter   to   give   him   his   only  dlxughter  / 
^ia/.    Cliristina  in  marriage,  a  promise  w^>>dh  he  soon  / 

after  performed,  \  y^ 

no  ^    f  But  there  were  many  diflii<ilties  at  first  with  «<r/ 
'^oni.    these    letters,    as    there    V^    been    before    with 
q/^/.    wooden  ones,  the  metal  being  too  soft  to  support 

/  the  force  of  the  im  sl^ssion :  but  this  defect  \v  as  soon    + 
remedied,  by  rnixing  a  substance  with  the  metal  ^^ 
Q    which  su^<5iently  hardened  it| ' 


EXPLANATI0]5TS. 


Most  of  the  marks  on  the  preceding  page  will  be 
readily  understood,  but  a  few  are  thus  : 

^  Turn  the  reversed  letter 

#   More  space. 

^aft^.   Capital  letters. 

<^.^a/ia.  Small  capitals. 

y ,  dele.  Take  out  the  superfluous  word. 

^~'  Less  space. 

^  Make  a  new  paragraph. 

iz.   Transpose. 

^^e^.  Let  it  stand  (accidentally  erased). 

tvjf.  Wrong  font ;  tyjDe  to  be  changed. 

A  Indicates  something  left  out.  (The  word  or 
words  to  be  inserted  should  be  written  in  the  margin, 
or  at  the  bottom  of  the  page.) 


4 


THE  LIBRARY 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

Santa  Barbara 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATl 
STAMPED  BELOW. 


3  1205  02709  1618 

ffillBi?ln^^'5,!ir'-'«'^«VFACILIT^ 


k 


DAVIES'  HEW  PRIMARY  ARITHMETIC. 
DAVIES'  NEW  INTELLECTUAL  ARITHMETIC. 
DA  VIES'  ELEMENTS  OF  WRITTEN  ARITHMETIO.1 
DAVIES'  NEW  PRACTICAL  ARITHMETIC. 
DAVIES'  NEW  UNIVERSITY  ARITHMETIC 

PRIMART  IRITHISETiC,  This  vycak  is  eoiistrueted  on  t)v 
"principle  of  object  teaching.  Thu  combinations  of  numbers 
are  ilUistrntod  by  sensible  o.bjfots.  The  mind  of  tV -^  p.upil  ia 
gradually  led,  by  n  series  of  iUui-irtiioss,  from  wUat  is  visible 
and  tangible,  to  tbe  abstract  properties  oi  numbers.  This  worlcl 
is  a  sjieoimen,  in  raothod,  arrangemtint,  style,  aud  typography,! 
of  the  new  series, 

NEW  INTELLECTIAL  AUiTHSIETIC.  This  work  is  ccM^strnct- j 
ed  on  the  principle,  that  every  opt>ration  in  Arithmetic  has  ref- 
erence to  the  unit  1.  'Vhe  -whole  subject  is  treated  with  ref^;renc»j 
to  this  fact.  The  work  differs  essentially  from  the  one  which  I 
preceded  it.  It  i»,  indeed,  a  new  fkvolopmeiit  of  the  subject,  an^j 
is  confidently  eorameuded  to  the  notice  of  teachers, 

ELEMEiVl'H  Of  WRITTKX  AKfTHLUKriC,  This  is  a  new  work,] 
designed  A.S  .i^raHi:-<u  ivJfuciuetU-n  to  t!ie  study  of  Arithinetic.  1 
It  expliihH  the  f>jjsr"t.5oTv^  of  Arithmetic  by  Practical  Examples, , 
.  vrofully  selei'tr-t  -' '  \  graded.  It  .t-rnbraiies  the  five  fun.damen-> 
tal  rules,  roinmoja  and  lUviuial  I'^aotions,  and  Denominate J 
Number?. 

PRAfTICAI.  »R-T.\"5.TIC.  This  work  is  a  carefully  revised 
and  improved  edition,  oi  viic  New  School  A,ritlimetjc.  Many 
changes  wen-  fouu  I  ntx~'.j:Tvry,  in  the  old  work,  to  bring  it  into 
harmony  with  Ibc  other  parts  of  the  New  Series.  It  was, 
therefore,  deamed  best  to  remodel  it,  and  to  give  to  it  a  nev^ 
name — that  it  might, not  '  i>  ci'-nfounded  with  previous  editions, 
and  that  it  might  shav;  '»-.  \ho  tpauy  improvompnts  wl\ich  hwe 
been  introduced  into  thi;  ><ew  Series. 

II*IVERS!TY  ARITHr-iCriC.  The  objeot  of  this  work  is  to  teacl^ 
tho  general  principle.s  and  soiduco  of  Numbers,  and  also  to  es^teiid 
their  applications,  not  to  change  the  mdhxi  of  applJcatioo — tfaesf) 
ai. .  bud  should  be  the  samd. 


